J 


N  &  GABii/iHl 


WHOLESALE 


:«•§ 


U  1  11     ;■ 


LUi 


\S\\y.' 


mm  mm. 


Nos.  55,  57, 59  and  61 HUDSO  "  STREET. 


OANAL    STREET 


f      •  ';■"• 


V 


V 


;j:'f)s,  '\  i-.U!' 


mutual  Insurance  Co., 

SI  n^ALI.  STREET,  cor.  William, 

INSURANCE  AGAINST  MARINE  AND  INLAND 
'  NAVIGATION  RISKS. 

Reserved  Capital,  Over  $2,500,000. 


ASSETS,  OVER  SIX  MILLIONS  DOLLARS,  VIZ. : 

Stocks  of  the  United  States,  of  the  State  of  New-York,  and  of  Kew-York 

City  Banks. $2,587,021  01 

Loans  secured  by  Stocks,  Bonds  and  Mortgages,  and  otherwise, 755,510  00 

Real  Estate, 200,000  00 

Dividends  on  Stocks,  Interest  on  Bonds  and  Mortgages  and  other  Loans, 
sundnr  Notes,  Ke-Insurance,  and  other  claims  due  the  Company,  esti- 
mated at 115.407  48 

Premium  Notes  and  Bills  Keceivable, 2,r81,999  53 

Cash  in  Bank, '. 182,794  65 

Total  Amount  of  Assets, $6,002,732  67 

The  WHOLE  PROFITS  of  the  Company  revert  to  the  Assured,  and  the  profits  of  each 
year  are  divided  upon  the  Premiums  terminated  during  that  year,  and  for  which  Certifi- 
cates are  issued,  bearing  interest  until  redeemed. 
Dividend  of  Profits  declared  Jantfary,  1860,  35  per  cent. : 

Total  Profits  for  17K  years, $10,428,470  60 

Of  which  there  has  been  redeemed  by  Cash, 6,619,220  00 


TRUSTEES 


John  D.  Jones, 
Hbnry  Coit, 
Lowell  Holbrook, 
Edward  H.  Gillilan, 
Lkrot  M.  Wiley, 
Geo.  C.  Hobson, 
IIenky  K.  Bogert, 
Joseph  Gaillard,  Jr., 
Watts  Sherman, 
Benj.  Babcock, 


Charles  Dennis, 
Wm.  C.  Pickersgill, 
Robert  C.  Gooduce, 
Royal  Phelps, 
Daniel  S.  Miller, 
David  Lane, 
A,  A.  Low, 
William  Wood, 
Edward  R.  Bell, 
Fletcher  Westray, 


Wm.  II.  n.  Moore, 
Lewis  Curtis, 
P.  A.  Hargous, 
Caleb  Barstow, 

S.  T.   NiCOLL, 

James  Bryce, 
William  E.  Dodge, 
J.  Henry  Burgy, 
E.  E.  Morgan, 
C.  A.  Hand. 

JOHN  D. 


Thomas  Tilleston, 
Charles  H.  Russell, 
Meyer  Gans, 

A.  P.  PiLLOT, 

Joshua  J.  Henry, 
Wm.  Sttjrgis,  Jr., 
Dennis  Perkins, 
Cornelius  Grinnell, 

B.  J.  How  LAND, 

JONES,  PreMdent. 


Charles  Dennis,  Vice-President. 
W.  H.  H.  Mooke,  2d  Vice-President. 


BALL,  BLACK  &  CO., 

^67   and   4i09    Broadway^ 

(S.  W.  COR.  OF  PRINCE  STREET,) 

MANUFACTUTtllsra 

AND   IMPORTERS    OF 


^^ 


CLOCKS, 

BRONZES, 

GAS  FIXTURES, 

RICH  FANCY  GOODS, 

MARBLE  STATUARY, 
PAINTINGS, 
AND   WORKS   OF   ART   AND   LUXURY, 


Wc  have  opened  this  establishment  to  the  public  with  an  entire  new  and 
magnificent  stock  of  goods,  to  which  we  have  added  an  extensive  department 
for  the  sale  of 

GAS    FIXTURES, 

111.  all  their  varieties. 

The  building  being  of  the  most  solid  materials,  and  fire-proof,  and  fitted 
up  yith  steam  power  and  all  the  modern  improvements,  expressly  for  the 
manufacturing  of  Silver  Ware  in  all  its  branijhes,  and  the  fabrication  of 

Each  department  being  furnished  with  an  experienced  artisan  for  designing 
and  modelling,  thus  rendering  it  one  of  the  most  complete  workshops  in  the 
United  States. 

All  orders,  however  extensive,  will  be  executed  on  the  premises,  and 
under  our  own  supervision. 

HENRY  BALL,  WM.  BLACK,  EBENEZER  MONROK 


TODD    ^    REYNOLDS, 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 


Tlieir    Celebrated 


c  Q 


BEST' 


Gold  and  Silver  Pencils^ 

166  BKO^nJV^l^^ 

New-York. 


These  Pens  are  used  by  the  principal  Bank  and  Insurance 
Officers,  Book-Keepers,  Clerks,  &c.,  in  New- York,  Boston, 
Philadelphia  and  other  large  cities,  all  of  whom  testify  that 
they  are  the  *'  Best  Fens  they  have  ever  used^ 

They  will  be  sold  by  only  one  house  in  a  town,  aiid  we 
will  correspond  with  any  responsible  party  who  may  wish 
to  secure  the  exclusive  sale  of  them  in  their  place,  stating 
prices,  terms,  &c. 

TODD  A  llEY»rO£l>S. 


University  of  California  •  Berkeley 

The  Peter  and  Rosell  Harvey 

Memorial  Fund 


WM.  F.  HARNDEN, 

THE   ORIGINAL   EXPRBBSMAN. 


<^vwtitMa     ] 


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^/ 


.J.J. Adams  X? Co.   a4/'y,r^f^^j/?/4^^ e/iyaae^//r/yy^^/^ 


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.T..1.  Adams  &  Co.  yf/jf  ^/>///r//^y4r^/A^ 

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r//y//y/^  a  /y/f^y  yy/^y''/Zm^nZ^yyyy^a^^iiytymy/f'^^^^ 

yr/yyr^y. 
y/y/ij. 


//  y//yy/  /y//  /y  yyyyy  rr  yy/y  yyyyyyy  y/r  yyw //yYy/^/y;f  y//  //,/ury 
.C/y/'f/  ry//y  yy  /yy/y//  yy/  //yyyyiyy/  y/  A y  r/y.]^/^/^  //  / //. 


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^•■ 


DRUG  ST^ItIlS,,^^^'a4/'argy  6^^/^j, 

<^^ttt^t^^a  ,   HOUSE  FURNISHING  STONES. 

Grocery'  Stores,  WoodenWare  Stores, 

p/^///a a////^/aAj//w^  o^o^  and  omoe  (2)tx>ted, 

SLOT  STORES,  AvOTHEVAlUES,cSr/Yi/Y4:m/^4J, 
Printers  andType  Founders  ,  HA  IE   DRESSER  St 

KAILKOADSp   stables  &  HORSES, r^^^l^^, 


Curriers,  SILVER  SMlTn^,fi^rr/ua?^ 
COTTOX,WOOLEX   and    PAPER    MILIiS, 
EXPORT,  i^c.&(. 


leoo. 


EXPRESS   OFFICE 

HAND-BOOK  AND  DIRECTOEY, 

FOR  THE  USE  OP  1,200  EXPRESS  AGENTS  AND  TBEIR  CUSTOMERS, 

BEING   THE 

HISTORY  OF  THE  EXPRESS  BUSINESS 

AND    THE    EARLIER    RAIL-ROAD    ENTERPRISES     IN     THE 
UNITED    STATES. 

TOGETHER  WITH 

SOME  REMINISCENCES  OF  THE  OLD  MAIL  COACHES  AND 
BAGGAGE  WAGONS. 


BY    A.    L.    STIMSON. 


INTERLEAVED  WITH  IT   WILL  BE  FOUND  THE  ADVERTISE- 
MENIB  OF  NUMEROUS  MERCANTILE  AND  MANU- 
FACTURING   ESTABLISHMENTS. 


[see  index.] 


PRINTED  AND  PUBLISHED  BY  JOHN  K.  STIMSON,  STJLTIONEB, 
No.  77  Ckdab  Stb4kt. 

1860. 


Entered,  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1860,  by 

A.    L.    STIMSON, 

In  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States  for  the  Southern  District  of 

New-Yorl£. 


ADVERTISEMENT. 


In  issuing,  for  the  use  of  the  Express  Companies 
and  their  customers,  the  present  edition  of  the 
Express  History,  (corrected  and  revised,  and 
written  up  to  the  present  time,)  the  Editor  has 
sought  to  augment  its  utility  as  an  Express  Office 
Hand-Book,  by  appending  a  list  of  all  the  Express 
Stations  of  any  importance  in  the  United  States  and 
Canada,  together  with  a  list  of  the  Agents'  names ; 
an  addition  that  cannot  fail  to  be  constantly  referred 
to,  not  only  by  Express  employes,  but  by  those 
patrons  throughout  the  country  who  have  inquiries 
to  send  to  offices  at  a  distance,  in  which  case  it  is 
an  advantage  to  know  the  Express  Agents'  address. 

To  advertisers  in  the  work  the  price  of  the  book 
is  $1 ;  to  all  others,  (except  the  1,200  Agents,  to 
whom  it  is  sent  voluntarily  by  the  publisher,)  the 
price  is  $1  50. 


KIDDER    BROTHERS, 

161   Chambers  Street, 

NEW-YORK, 

Manufacturers   of 


Woollen  and  Union  Kerseys. 
KERSEY,  WOOLLEN  AND  LINEN  HORSE  COVERS 

MADE  UP  IN  THE  GREATEST  VARIETY. 

Enamelled  and  Patent  Leather  Work,  Russet  Heins,  Web 

* 

Halters,  Bridles^  Martingales,  Surcingles,  Black  and  Russet 
Covered  Buckles,  Ribbon  and  Silver  Rosettes,  Pads  and 
Gig  Saddles. 

OF  ALL  KINDS. 

Also,  importers  and  dealers  in  Pkiid  Linen  Sheetings, 
Burlaps,  Bagging,  Horse  Blankets,  Whips,  Combs,  Harness 
Loops,  Blue  and  Scarlet  Cloth,  Rein,  Girth,  Roller  and  Boot 
Web,  Worsted  Bindings,  Blanket  and  Shoe  Threads,  Tomp- 
kins' Gig  Trees,  Fly  Nets,  &c. 

IW  LOW  FOE  CASH  OB  APPROVED  CREDIT, 

H.  A.  KIDDER  &  CO., 

No.  161  Chambers  Street, 

Near  Hudson  River  Rail-Road  Depot 


O.    T^.    BEHSTEDICT, 

'  WHOLESALE  DEALER  IN  ALL  KINDS  OF 

Paper  and  Twine, 

64  JOHN  STREET, 

(COKNER  OF  WILUAU,) 

JVew-lTork. 


ALL  SIZES,  WEIGHTS  AND  QUALITIES  OF 

MANILLA,  HARDWARE,  PRINTING,  TISSUE,  TEA  AND  STRAW 

Suitable  for  Hatters,  Confectioners,  Druggists,  Shoe  Dealers, 

Grocers,  Dry  Goods,  Silk  Merchants,  Tobacconists, 

Printers  and  others,  constantly  on  hand,  at  the 

LOWEST   FRIGES. 

Lit f  Ei,  iiP  ill  NIL  PiPEiS, 

Grlazed   Papers,   etc. 

For 'the  accommodation  of  Printers  and  others,  I  sell  parts 
of  reams  at  the  wholesale  price. 

IS^  Orders  by  Express  promptly  and 
satisfactorily  filled. 


OSBORN   ^  SWAN, 

Importers  and  Dealers  in 

HARDWARE,  CUTLERY,  £c. 

]\os.  33  and  34  Fulton  Street, 

Between  Pearl  and  Water  Streets,  *^'1j^  *^S^^» 


HORTON'S,  ALBERTSON'S  AND  BARTON'S 

TRUSS  UOOPS,  RiraS,  BICK  IRONS, 

HOWELS,    CROZES,    COOPERS'    MORSES. 

WINDLASSES,  ANVILS,  VICES, 
SHio-\rels,    Sx3»'des,    If'orls.is, 

CUT  AND  WROVtiUT  NAILS,  SPIKES,  &e.,  &e. 


TABLE   OF   CONTENTS. 


Frontispiece. — A  portrait  of  William  F.  Harnden,  from  a  likeness  in 
the  possession  of  his  widow. 

A  Steel  Engraving  of  Alvin  Adams,  (prepared  expressly  for  this  work, 

by  A.  H.  Ritchie,  442  Broadway,) page    72. 

A  portrait  of  Henry  Wells,  President  of  the  American  Express  Com- 
pany   page  106. 

Picture  of  the  "  Harnden  "  and  "  National  "  Express  Office  . .  .page    62. 

Little  Falls,  on  the  American  Express  Route page  165. 

A  California  Scene  on  Wells,  Fargo  &  Co's  Route page  201 . 

The  Old  Mail  Stage  and  Baggage-Wagon  Business — Curious  Rem- 
iniscences— The  Origin  of  Rail  Roads  in  New  England — The 
Earlier  Charters — Wm.  F.  Harnden  starts  the  first  Package  Ex- 
press   page  40. 

gart  ^mU. 

Biography  of  Harnden — His  Express  Enterprises  in  America  and 
Europe — His  Decease — Subsequent  Extension  of  the  Harnden 
Express  Business,  and  its  present  Condition   page  40  to  60. 

Rise  and  progress  of  the  second  Express  firm,  Adams  &  Co. — Bio- 
graphical notice  of  Alvin  Adams — An  Express  in  a  Hat! — Suc- 
cess of  his  firm — Extension  of  Route  to  Philadelphia — Sanford 
and  Shoemaker's  connection — Creation  of  joint-stock  Company — 
Present  operations,  East,  South  and  West,  by  the  Adams  Ex- 
press Company page  61  to  76. 

ii 


PINCHOT,  BRDEN  &  SEABUKY, 

8acccs8«r8  to  Israel  miner  &  Co*, 

No.  214  Fulton  Street,  JKT.  Y-, 

Wholesale  Dealers  iii  Orupjs,  Medicines,  Paints,  Oils,  Dj  e  Stuffs, 
Patent  Medicines,  Alcohol,  Burning  Fluid,  &Ct 


The  Subscribers  invite  attention  to  the  following 

POPULAR  MEDICINES, 

»nd  other  articles  of  which  tbey  are  the  SOLE   PROPRIETORS,  and  which  they 
offer  to  the  trade  on  liberal  terms: 

SEABURY'S  OLEAGINOUS  OPODELDOC,-  a  celebrated  remedy  for  Rhen- 
mati^ia,  Burns,  Wounds,  Bruiifes,  «tc.;  also,  an  invaluable  Uorse  Liniment 
Retails  for  25  cents. 

SEABURY'S  COUGH  BALSAM;  a  very  popular  remedy  for  all  diseases  of  the 
Throat  and  Lungy.  For  Whooping  Cough  and  common  Colds  it  has  no  equal. 
Its  rapid  growth  in  public  favor  is  an  evidence  of  its  real  merit.  Price,  15 
and  30  cents. 

SEABURY'S  HIVE  SYRUP  is  a  most  reliable  medicine  in  Croup— no  family, 
where  there  are  young  children,  shmld  be  without  it.     Price,  12  cents. 

SEABURY'S  WORM  DESTROYER  is  a  safe  and  certain  exterminator  of  in- 
testinal Worms.     Price,  25  cents. 

SEABURY'S  RUBEFACIENT  is  very  valuable  as  a  counter-irritant  ia  Rhea- 
matism,  Neuralgia,  <fcc.     Price,  25  cents. 

SEABURY'S  Compound  Extract  of  Cinchona  and  Gentian,  or  Fever  and 
Ague  Tonic;  an  unfailing  remedy  in  all  iutermitterits.     Price,  75  cents. 

AT  WOOD'S  JAUNDICE  &  DYSPEPSIA  BITTERS  is  an  old  and  very 
popular  remedy  for  all  disorders  of  the  Liver  and  Stomach.  l*rice,  37^  centBi 

DR.  HUNTINGTON'S  TONIC  BITTERS;  excellent  for  debilitated  persons. 
They  iiuluce  a  good  appetite,  promote  digestion,  and  relievo  the  most  dis- 
tressing symptoms  of  dy.«pep8ia — the  best  preventive  against  Fever  and 
Ague,  and  other  bilious  derangements  incideot  to  warmclimates.  Price,  10 
and  -  0  cents. 

DR.  HUNTINGTON'S  PULMONARY  BALSAM  is  a  good  medicine  for  all 

Lung  Complaints. 

DR.  SHEPHERD'S  BLACK  OINTMENT  is  highly  esteemed  as  a  remedy  for 
Rheumatism,  Sprains,  Burns,  Chilblains,  &c.    Price,  12  cents.. 

ROBINSON'S  HORSE  LOTION  is  an  excellent  Liniment  for  Harness  Galla, 
Wounds,  <tc.     In  half-pint  bottles,  price  25  cents. 

HEATH.  WYNKOOP  &.  COS  Genuine  Medicinal  Cod  Liver  Oil  is  unsui^ 
passed  for  its  purity.  It  is  highly  recommended  by  medical  men  who  hav« 
used  it  in  their  practice.     It  is  put  up  in  bottles,  at  5U  cents  and  $L 

MINER  &  CO'S  FLAVORING  EXTRACTS  have  a  world-wide  reputation, 
and  are  unsurpassed  lor  their  purify  and  fineness  of  flavor  by  any  in  the  mar- 
ket.    V'ery  neatly  put  up  in  boxes  of  one  dozen  each. 

SEABURY'S  REFINED  CASTOR  OIL  is  purified  from  all  extraneous  matter 
—may  l)e  kept  (or  years  without  becoming  rancid  or  depositing  any  sediment. 
Put  up  in  Ixjtiles  of  various  sizes. 

SEABURY'S  CHEMICAL  LAUNDRY  BLUING  was  the  first  introduced  to 
the  public — has  been  used  for  many  years  by  bleachers  and  for  Washing  pur- 
poses— is  perfectly  soluble  in  soft  or  hard  water,  and  is  unequaled  Ibr  in- 
tensity of  color  and  beauty  of  tint.  Put  up  in  Liquid  or  Powder,  at  6  and  12 
cents  per  bottle  or  box. 

iii 


fart  imvtU. 

Origin  of  the  American  Express  Company — Henry  Wells,  pioneer  of 
the  business  west  of  Albany — Crawford  Livingston,  and  Ponieroy 
&  Co. — Success  of  Wells  &  Co. — John  Butterfield  and  his  enter- 
prises—Wells,  Butterfield&  Co. — Consolidation  of  three  gi'eat firms 
into  the  American  Express  Company — New^  organization  in  1860 
— Vast  operatioDS  in  the  West page  71  to  90. 

The  National  Express  Company — Major  Pullen — Pnllen,  Virgil  & 
Co^s  Express  operations  in  Northern  New  York,  Vermont 
and  Canada — Creation  of  joint-stock  Company — Present  con- 
dition      page  90  to  96. 

Thompson  &  Co's  Express  between  Albany  and  Boston  —  Col. 
J.  M.  Thompson,  of  Springfield,  Mas*. — The  Express  business 
East — The  Eastern  Express  Company page  96  to  100. 

Wells,  Fargo  &  Co's  California  Express — The  United  States  Ex- 
press Company — Howard  &  Co's  Express — Howard  Express 
Company;  their  operations page  100  to  lOT. 

The  Transatlantic  Express  Lines — The  "  Globe  ^  Express — L.  W. 
Morris — W.  Williams  &  Co. — Express  business  in  New  Eng- 
land— The  Earle  Express  and  others — Cheney  &  Co.— Fiske  & 
Co page  107  to  115. 

Jones'  Express  (Texas  &  New  Orleans) — Brees  &  Co. — The  Coal  Sec- 
tion Expresses — The  Baggage  Express  business — Studley's  Enter- 
prise— Westcott,  Dodd  &,  Co. — ^The  Manhattan  Express  Com- 
pany— Metropolitan  operations page  1  IS  to  120. 

iart  iim. 

The  Laws  and  Judicial  Decisions  relatire  to  Express  liability  in  case 

of  loss  or  damage page  122  to  150. 

Express  Symbols — The  Overland  Mail  Company — Bogus  Expresses 
— Anecdotes  of  Expressmen  and  Express  Trains — Robberies 
— Express  Routine — Hiram  Dixon's  Method  of  Keeping  Express 
Accounts page  159  to  208. 

iv 


DANIEL    W.    LEE, 

(Foraerly  with  RICH  &  LOUTREL,) 

|0lcsale  &  llctail  <Stati0ntr, 

PRUTER,  LITHOGRAPHER, 

AND 

82  JVassau   Street^ 

Near  Fulton  Street,  NEW     YORK. 


Banks,  Merchants,  Insurance,  Rail  Road  and 
iEzpress  Companies, 

and  others,  pupplied  with  first  class  STATIONERY,  DLANK  BOOKS,  and  PAPER, 
«t  the  lowest  paying  rates. 

made  of  every  required  Pattern  and  Binding,  in  the  best  manner  and  at  the  shortest 
DOt'ice. 

^tkaq^Lafhlunc^  and  JS^dntLrLq^ 

of  every  description,  done  in  the  neatest  manner. 


COUNTRY  MERCHANTS 

Supplied  with  all  descriptions  of  Forei^  and  Domestic  Stationery 
and  Blank  Books, 

AT     THE     LOWEST     WHOLESALE     RATES. 


PAPER  OF  ALL  KINDS  AT  WHOLESALE,  AT  THE  MILL  PRICED 

V 


li^siWii  f'apip 


lanBfactnred  and  Sold  by 


J-D.WEST 

&  CO., 

179  Broadway, 


DOllBLE-A{!TlX«,MTI-FREEZIi\G,  LIFTING  &  FORCING. 

Thro-ws  an  even,  continuous  stream  vrith  great  force. 

It  is  more  simple,  yet  stronger  and  raore  durable,  than  all  others.  Works  easier 
and  is  cheaper.  They  are  in  use  in  all  parts  of  the  United  States,  West  Indies,  Cen- 
tral and  South  America,  and  in  Europe.  They  have  been  sold  by  us  for  six  year* 
past,  and  give  universal  satisfaction.  Call  at  our  store  and  see  the  pumps  of  all  siaea, 
adapted  for  all  places  and  purposes,  and  get  a  descriptive  circular.  Hundreds  of 
gentlemen  can  be  seen  in  this  city  who  have  them  in  use.  Please  call  for  tbeir 
Qames,  or  inquire  of 

W.  B.  DINSMORE Prwident  of  Adams  Express  Companj. 


R.  HOE  k  CO New  York. 

HENRY  VVAan  BEECHER Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

fiOLOM  R0F?1X.-0N Hunt's  BridRe.  N.  Y. 

B.  T.   IIARIJIT BwlIoH  Station.  N.  Y. 

WARRKN  l.ELAND.    . .   Metropolitan  Hotel.  N.  Y. 

ROBKRT  RKN'NIE Lodi.  N.  J. 

CLARKSON.  ANDERSO.V  &  CO Richmond.  Va. 

C.  A.  HART.  BRO.  «t  CO Newborn,  N  C. 

DR.  J.  ED.  M.UVF.R WaUerboro.  S.  C. 

MII.LFR  H.\M.OWKS St.  Marv's.  Ga. 

J.  REMLNGTOV .Jacksonville,  Fla. 

HON.  S.  R.  MALLORY Fensaoola,  Fla 

L.  N.  WALTHAL Marion.  Ala. 


JOHNT  W.  PRATT Tn.scaloosa,  Ala. 

MEYER.  riKUrSCHE  Ac  CO. .Vatchea   Miss. 

R.  F.  HARRISOX New  Orleans,  U. 

GII.LE.SPIE,   MORGAN  k  CO. Ba.strnp.  Texas. 

MAJOR  A.  MOROECAI,   Watervleit  Arsenal,  West 
Trojr. 

HARLEM  R    K.  CO New  York. 

CEXTSAL  R.  R.  of  N.  J Elizabeth. 

PESANT  BROTHERS New  York  and  Cuba. 

RARITAN   &  DKLA.  BAY  R.  R New  Jersey. 

HAVANA  &  MANTANZAS  R.  R Cuba. 

H.   I..  REY.NOLl)-<  k  CO    Mobile.  Ala. 

E.  V.  HAUGH WOUT  &  CO New  York. 


VI 


ALPHABETICAL  INDEX 

TO 


[Tlie  pages  marked  ia  Roman  Numerals  precede  the  body  of  the  work.] 


PAOK 

Atlantic  Mutual  Insurance  Co Covei 

Adams,  J.  J.  A  Co S*e  Title  »'a>fe 

American  Watch  Co 

Alt,  CharleM  Ply-leaf 

American  Clock  Co.   »• 

Adam.H,  Union 150 

An<lu:min   Uates  A  W.lKlit 133 

Agate,  J.  &  Co 

Akerly,  CurtU 171 

Arctic  ln:iurauca  Co Ill 

Amerii-Hu  Kxctiange  Fire  liia.  Co 82 

Allyii  House 65 

Apples-ate  *  Co 138 

Anicricau  Guano  Co. 74 

Alexander,  CM 


Ball,  niack  *  Co First  Fly-leaf 

Urewsteri  Baldwin... xl 

BranitiAll.  Hedico  *  Co 16 

ItoH  oil  Kau>-et  C^impany 163 

Beiij.imii:.  J.  K 16 

IJrown.  II.  A.  A  Ok 13 

Ualley,  S.  T 

ltcuuetl,J.  A 39 

Backua.  K.  A  Co 160,161 

B<-eH!ey,  Joaepli 1*1 

Boeclic-r,  A,    P 

Bacon  ManufacturtBKOo 107 

Blakeulee,  K. 139 

Bromley,  J.   S.  *K US 

BildKM,  A    k  Co 13 

Bowles. S.B 

Ba>;arilui<,  Jamoa SO 

Bale. 'I'iiomas  M 9 

Benedict,  a  W Fly-leaf 

Baxter.  C.   U.  *  A.  T.  *  Co lOa 

Berry,  T.  S.   

B<^als  t  Ureeue,  (Boston  Post)  .     ...  97 

Boniiey,  Z. IB 

Buitman.  II.  A  Co 127 

Butlertleld,  A.   t> 13!) 

Berrieu.  U.  A  Co 115 


Continental  Ins.  Co vlll 

Clerk,  Oiten  *  Baker TO 

Couover  Jc  Woolley 76 

Clark,  James  A 100 

Cory,  W.   U 37 

Couroy,  J.  J 39 

Cook,  James xvl 

OhadwUk.  M.  C lOJ 

CunnlnKli-ini,  J.  F. 113 

Coleman,  W.  T.  *  Co 68,  69 

Coni-an,  J.   P 

Chevalier,  J.  D 

Clark.  D.  W , 

Cilstadoia 3 

Ciiamlwi  lain   H.  S 77 

Commeirial  Ailvertlser 9j 

Colt's  Mduufacturlug  Company En<l 

Dixon,  n.  k  Son lOS 

DelafleUl  k  Baxter  .   Mi 

Doui^Us,  Thomas 7 

Denulson,  l>.   U 16 

Diiiiham    J.   B 36 

DoMttt,  C M 

Deakyue  k  Howe 83 

IiidKi",   Ihos.  II SO 

Diivis.  Tlionias 7:. 

DabhK,  O    *  Co 117 

Dickinson,  W.  tJ la^ 

Ouhmc  k  Coi. UO 


Kvans,  (J.  O XV 

KhkHsIi  *  Mersick 176 

Karlf.  T.  K.  k  Cc 110 

Kilney,  J.  W 10 

Evens.  P  ,  Jr. 13^ 

Klllott  *  Patten 81 

KvMis  *  Watson ir<3 

BvenluK  Post 90 


Field,  C.  W. . . . 
Fairbanks  k  Co. 
Francis  k  Louti 


FAOK. 


Fiinston  k  Scofield 159 

Foley,  John  6 

FraSLT,  John  M.    76 

Foul.is.  K.   P.,  Jr 31 

Pal.  child.  I^    W • 67 

Piazler,  Mills  *  Co 122 

Poster,  J.   Jr.   4  Co 129 


Gilbert,  S.  B 1 

Ouruey  Jk  Son K" 

Oruber,  J.   P 2:) 

Galbralth,  H a 

OilchtUt  k  Daniels U7 

Q.>eilecket .  Klein  A  Co 8 

Gouraud,  T.  F in 

Home  Insurance  Comp«nv 9.T 

Ut-nick,  W.  k  v..   K 156 

Kowlaul  Jt  FrotbinKham 61 

He^emaii  k  Co I4r< 

Hall  Dixon  k  Co 3 

HIckcox.T.   N 19 

Hopp.!,  Jiilm  K 43 

Hedges  Jk  Mois« 36 

Humor,  Keller  k  Co .'.l 

Hull.  J.  C.  k  Sons 33 

Hedenberg,  P.  I.,,  Jt  Sou 47 

Hampton,  Adam 2'.' 

Hills  k  Benton 177 

Hu.-lbnit.C.  T U 

Hall  X  Waldron »(• 

Homans   J.  S .'>9 

Hartford  ftliknufacturini;  Company 

Hall.  CaiT'dl  k  Co. 134 

Hunt  Jk  Wearl 65 


PAOM. 

New  Haven  Wheel  Company 158 

New  York  Spectator 9* 

Osborn  k  Swan i 

Onion  Jt  Wlicelock 48 

Orr,   N.  4  Co. 69 


Pinchof,  Briien  k  Seabury ill 

I'ji.vuii  &  Cai'hart Cover 

Peck  Biotheis IT 

Price,  E.    B SO 

Phelps  k  Kluj^nmns U 

Park,  J.   D ISl 

Pase,  W.   H.   k  Co 6« 

Peck,  Mllo  k  Co 143 


Ridley  k  Co 34 

Klchardson,  Boynton  k  Co FIy4<«f 

KeaKles.  E 43 

KItchie  k  Ci US 

Kitcl.io,  A.  H l.-iS 

RuliHon,  Dunne 131 

Kodney  k  Aikin» ISS 

lioscY*  Brotheis  MauulactuiiuK  C0...ISS 


Sun  Mutual  Insurance  Company....  01 

Stimson,  Valentine  k  Co US 

Suftou  4  Co 308 

Sands,  A    B.  A   C C 

S<^'hienrolln  Brothtua  A  Co 4 

Stout  4  He;;eman SS 

>»OHleyA  lA-e 5S 

I33'8iri-ell,  Lrf-ni.  W «T 

>eailes  A  WilUania 41 

Sudth,  Dr.  S.  B 7J 

Stewart  4  Co a 

.«<chenck,  J.  B. 35 

Shedleid  A  Davis fi 

Selpho,  William 94 

StiKcr,  Kandolph  4  Co 8S 

Sloal ,  G .  B.  A  Co 114 

Siiwrt  A  Petersim lie 

KIrtland.  North  4  Piatt xli  ^"'' '" '  "  w"V  n  ^" i « 

Kidder  Brothers Fly-le^irl^'"'"' ."^^  C.' |« 

Keiiiii    W    H  „,|Spra)CUe  4  Co 137 

Kemp,  W.  Jl... ^iksmlth,  A.  D 141 

Stevens,  Brother  k  Co 161 

itarr  (Hue  Company 


Jones  4  While 

J»linsi>u,  Natli'l 

Jai-ksim.  W.  4  S<m 

J.  L.  Mott  Iron  Works  , 


Kempton,  ¥.  C. 


jkwrcnce,  Bradley  4  Pardee 170 

Uach,  s.   B 

Litchfield  4  Doyle 149 

l^werre,  O.   W.  4  O.   W 

Lee.  W.   H.  4  Co 

Low.  Francis  8. 

l/se,  D.  W 

Linn  4  Dacker 2i> 

Leconipie,  L 1 

I.MUK-e,  J.   4  Bro 14 

LyoD  4  Brown lOi 


Mercantile  Mutual  Insurance  Co 92 

Mui^s,  H.  Jr.  4  Smith oa 

Mason  4  Ely «;i 

McMurray,  J.  O.  4  Co 40 

.Many,  Baldwin  4  Many 41 

Moss,  GeoiKe  A *> 

Marks.  A.   A 7 

McLellaii,  D.  4  J xvl 

MiuKlc,  P.  B.  4  Co 79 

Murphy,   K 15.. 

filler.  D.  D 146 

.Mendum,  G.  K. 9". 

Me.rlam,  B.   W 16 

Mayher,  A.   F.  4  Co lo7 

.Hiller  4  Coates 84 

Meiviu,  R 119 

Mowry,  S 66 

Moore.  Wilsl>ach,  Keys  4  Co 143 

.Men/.el,  O.   A.   A  Co I40 

Malilcr,  Loid  A  Queicau 96 

Maltby,  C.  S 130 


New  England  Life  Insurance  Co. 

Nlcolay,  A.   H 

Noyes,  William 


-■"loss  k,  Lane 17T 

Simmons,  W 160 

n.  Jolin,  Raymond  A  Co 17S 

Sllnuon,  John  K.  &  Brn 338 

Sullivan  A  Hyatt 169 

Syracuse  House IM 


Tiffany  k  Co Covei' 

i'a.-.lor  4   Brother 68 

rill  k  Knevels 7T 

Todii  k  Ueynolds Fly-leirf 

rracy,  Oeoree  M 174 

Dldinger,  W.  P.  k  Co 118 

United  States  Hotel 1S4 

Van  Vleck,  J.  T 64 

Van  Horn.  C 48 

VaKt,  J.  O U 

Van  Antweip  k  Co 62 

West,  J.  D.  4  Co vi 

Woodward,  Eugene sltr 

Wihier.  B.  G.  k  Co ii» 

Woerner  k  Mneale. 149 

Walling,  H.  F 31 

Wells,  B.  G ST 

Wilde.  8,  k  Son Fly-Ienf 

Wilson.  D.  C.  k  Co M 

Williams.  C.  F 46 

Woodman,  OeorKe «I 

Whiton,  A.  >.  k  A.  G 61 

Willard.  J.  W.  k  Co n 

Winch,  A 106 

Warne,  K.  A lU. 

Ware,  H IS* 

Wdetler  k  Dixon 106 

Worcester  Wire  Works 88 


Vll 


THE  INSURED  PARTICIPATE  IN  THE  PROFITS, 

Without  incurring  any  Liability  whatever. 


(mTlNENTAL    l^^SU.RANCE    CO, 

CITY  OF   NEW   YORK. 
OFFMCE,  J%^o.    18    irvil/l.    STREET. 


STOCK  CAPITAL,  (all  paid  in,  and  securely  invested,)  $500,000 
SURPLUS, 450,000 


Insures  Buildings,  Merchandise,  Household  Furniture,  Rents,  Leases,  and 

other  Insurable  Property,  against  FIRE,  at  rates  charged  by 

other  solvent  Institutions. 


Three-fourths  of  the  net  profits  of  the  bufinesa  of  this   Company  are  divided 
annually  to  holders  of  its  Policies. 


FlTKt  Annual  Division  to  Policy  Holders,  declared  Jaly  9(h,  1857,  -  -  33i  percent. 
Second         ««  «<  »(         July  Sth,  1  58,  -  -  50         '' 

Third  <(  ((  (<         July  Ufb,  1859,  -  -  50         «« 

Foortb         ((  «<  wiU  occur      <«        1&60, 


DIRECTORS. 


GEORGE  T.  HOPE,  President. 


A.  A.  I/)W,  ..of  the  firm  of..  A.  A.  Low  &  Brotlier 

WllUAM  V    BRAIiT. 

Thomas  'Dlkstd.v,  (Pres.  Phenix  Bank,)  SpofTurd, 

Tilestou  A:  Co. 
Gw>.  Griswoij),  of  the  firm  of.N.  L.  &  G.  Griswold 


JAIHS  Frkkla\d 

Wm.  H.  Cary 

1.  H.  BRiaaAM 

Sam'lD.  Baro)ck  .. 
Adrriius  B.  Hull... 

A.  SrVDWBLL 

JoH»  H.  Eari.r 

Cbas.  M.  CoNNOixy, . 
Wm.  H.  Swa.\. 
Damrl  W.  Tkixkr,.. 
Shkppard  Gandy,  . . 
John  Fa  ink. 

Co*-*.  H.   B<X)TH, 

VfM.  M  Vail. 

TmiMAS  Smi'll. 

James  A.  Edgar.  ... 

)>AWRKNCK  TeR.\UHK, 

BiramBarnky, 


..  Freelaiid.  Squires  X  Co. 
Gary. Howard, ^^ange^  &  Co. 

Urighain  A:  I'arson.s 

. .  Babcock,  Brothers  &  Co. 
B.  A.  Fahnestock.  Hull*  Co. 

A   Slu.hvell  &Co. 

...J'mallwood,  Earle  &  Co. 
..Chas.  .VI.  Connolly  &  Co. 

. .  Galwey.  Casado  &  Teller 
.Robert  &WiIUaiu8 


nth  &  Tuttle 


Thomas  Smull  &  Sons 

Booth  A:  Kd^ar 

..  Mo.se8  Taylor  &  Co. 
.Barney,  Butler  &.  I'ar.sons 


^VII^o^•  G.  Hu.vr.of  the  firm  of  Wilson  G. Hunt  ft  Co. 


B>^Al)Isu  JoH.vsux, .. 
Thomas  Fraskr,  .... 
S.  B.  Chittk.vpkn,  .. 

JoH.v  Caswkli. 

Edmund  M.  Young.. 
Wklu.ngio.v  Clasp  . . 


..Wm.  M.  John.son'M  Son. 
..  .Thos.  Eraser  &  Brother 
...  S.  B.  (  hittenden  &  Co. 

John  Casweli  &  Co. 

. . .  .Young.  Hiultz  &  Co. 
Clapp  &  Kent 


CYRUS  PEOK.  Assiatant  Secretary. 


Lycirgus  EiKikRTox,  '  L.Edger  ton,  Rogers  &  Hatch 
....C.  H.  Marshall  &  Co. 

I).  &  A    Dows  &  Co. 

. . .  Boweu.  Holmes  &  Co. 
.  .Ricbardx.  Haight  &  Co. 
Geo.  S.  btepbenson  k  Co. 
Wrijjht.  Gillett  &  Rawsoo 
. .  Sawyer,  Wallace  &  Co. 

Geo.  W.  Lane  &  Co. 

Adams  &  Hawthorn 

.. . .    Claflin,  Melleu  &  Co. 

I).  H.  Arnold, (Pres.  of  .Mercantile  Bank) 

J.  H.  Ra-\S(»m, "   J.  H.  Ransom  &  Co. 

Hknrv  Eyre. 

JoshPH  Battkli., "  . .  Eagleston.  Battell  k  Co. 

RoBT.  H.  McCukdy,.  "  .  .late  McCurdy,  A.'drich  & 

Spencer 

H.  H.  LAMPORT,  Secretary. 


(.'harlks  i.ampox, ... 
John  I>.  Maiks 

HK.NRY  C.  riOWKN,       . 

Wm.  M.  Richards,.. 

GKO.  S.  STEPHK.VSO.V, . 

JoH.v  H.  Wright.  .   . 
Samuki.  a.  Sawyer,. 

Gbo.  \V.  L.\nk 

RoBr.  H   Hawthorn, 
HOKACK  B.  Clafu.\, 


Till 


BUiSlJNJiiSS   INDEX. 


AUCTIONEERS    OF    STOCKS. 

Albert  H.  Nicolay,  52  Wall  St.,  N.  Y.  .p.  109 

ACCOUNTANTS. 

Wheeler  &  Dixon 108 

Hiram  Dixon  &  Son 108 

AGRICULTURAL    IMPLEMENTS,  &C. 

A.F.  Mayher&Co 1G7 

ARCHITECTS. 

B.  G.  Wells 67 

ARTIFICIAL    LIMBS. 

William  Selpho 94 

A.A.Marks 7 

ARTIFICIAL    EYES. 

Thomas  Davis 75 

AUSTRALIA    AND    CALIFORNIA    PACKETS. 

W.  T.  Coleman  &  Co 09 

Mailler,  Lord  &  Qiiereau 9s 

Sutton  «fc  Co.  ...  206 

ATTORNEYS    AND    COUNSELLORS. 

Bloss  .V  Lane,  St.  Louis 177 

J.  P.Conraii         d-i lOl 

Henry  Morgan,  Albany,  Ga 

BANKERS. 

H.  Meigs,  Jr..  «t  Smith 63 

W.  T.  Coleman  &  Co t)« 

J.  T.  Van   Vleek U 

Van  AntwiTp  &  Co 65 

T  lylor  Brothers   65 

BEDS    AND    BEDDING. 

W.  S.  Di'kiuson 128 

Martin  Willard 168 

•  BOOKSELLERS. 

G.  G.  Evans,  Philadelphia xv 

A.  Winch 106 

R.  Mclvin 119 

D.  W.Clark I'-'O 

BOOTMAKERS. 

Joseph  Beesley 171 

BROKERS. 

Custom  House,  John  K.  Stimson  &  Bro. .  228 

BUG    AND    ANT    POISON. 

Killam's  Exterminator 172 

BRUSHES. 

J.  J.  Adtims  .V.  Co See  Title  Page 

J.  (;.  McMirray&  Co 40 

J.  K.  Ho. pel 43 

D.  Berrie.1  «&  Co 145 

CANDIES. 

Btewart  iV  Co 2 

Ridley  &  Co 24 

CEMENT. 

Delafield  A-  Baxter 86 

CHINA    AND    GLASS. 

J.G.  A.  Vagt 11 

CLOCKS. 

American  Clork  Company 35 

E.BIakeslee 139 

A.  D.  Smith 141 


CLOTHING. 

Pavan  A  Carhart See  Cover 

T.  W.  Spragne  &  Co 137 

CARRIAGE    BUILDERS  &  WHEELWRIGHTS. 

Brewster  fi  Baldwin xi 

Lawrence,  Bradley  &  Pardee I7ft 

English  k  Mersick 176 

S  B.  Gilbert 1 

H.S.  Chamberlain 77 

CORDAGE. 
Excelsior  Patent  Cordage  (jompany. . .       61 

DAGUERREOTYPE  MATERIALS. 
J.  W.  Willard  &  Co 

DENTAL  INSTRUMENTS. 

J.  D.  Chevalier 144 

Jones  &  White 101 

DRUGGISTS. 

A.  B.  Sands  &  Co 6 

SchieRelin  Rrothers 4 

Hi'geman  A  Co 148 

Pinchot  Brnen  k  Seabury i'i 

Hall.  Dixon  it  Co 3 

C.T.Hurlbuit 62 

DIES   AND    STENCILS. 

T.  H.Hickcox 19 

ENCAUSTIC    TILES. 

Miller  &  Coates 34 

ENAMELLED    IRON    WARE. 

J.  L.  Mott  Iron  Works 

ENGRAVERS. 

A.  H.  Ritchie 15S 

[For  specimen,  see  portrait  of  Alvin 

Adams  on  page  72.] 

N  Orr.V  Co 89 

Stout  .V  Hegeraan 32 

C.  Reagles 43 

FANCY    GOODS. 
Kirtland,  North  it  Piatt xii 

FIREWORKS. 

Funston  fi  Scofield 169 

Robert  Foulds,  Jr 31 

FISHING  TACKLE. 

T.H.  BateAiCo 9 

J.J.  C<nroy 29 

Clerk,  Green*  Baker 70 

FORCE    PUMPS. 

J.  D  West  &  Co vi 

J.  M.Edney 10 

Burnell's  (8.  B  Leach)     78 

FORWARDING    MERCHANTS. 

John  K.  Stimson  &  Bro 

FRUIT. 

Sheffield*  Davis 86 

Curtis  Akerly 171 

FURNACES. 

W.H.Cory 37 

F.  L   flfdenberg^Son 47 

Richardson,  Boynton  «&  Co Fly-leaf 


IX 


BUSINESS     INDEX. 


FURNITURE. 

Phelps  A;  Kingmaus 14 

W.  H.  Lee&U<» 6i) 

N.  Johnson— School    49 

FRAMES. 

Searles  &  Williams 42 

Goedecker,  Klein  &  Co 8 

Woeruer  &  Muhle 142 

gentlemen's  furnishing. 

J.  Agate  tt  Co 44 

P.C.  Kempton 62 

Litchfield  A;  Doyle 14:) 

Union  Adams 150 

Geo.  M.  Tracy 174 

GOLD  BEATERS. 

W.H.Kemp 31 

GOLD    PEN    MAKERS. 

Todd  t^  Reynolds Fly-leaf 

John  Foley H 

H.  A.  Hrown  &  Co 13 

L.  VV.  Fairthild 67 

GRATES  AND  FENDERS. 

A.  Hampton 22 

Conover  k  WooUey 76 

W.  Jackson  &  Son 27 

GUANO. 

Ajnerican  Guano  Company 74 

GLUE. 

Starr  Glue  Company 98 

HARNESSES. 

Kidder  Brothers Fly-leaf 

Smith    B'uirn  ^St  Co 12« 

A.  S.  Butterfleld 139 

HARDWARE. 

Osbom  «V  Swan  -;•  V' ^ 

Many.  Baldwin  &  Many  ...  ^ .". 41 

C.  Van  Horn :;.;:;.. . ....  46 

HOM(EOPATHIC   MEDICINES. 

C.T.  Hurlburt 52 

HOTELS. 

Bonney '8,  Buffalo 18 

S.Jrtmes'      '•       IS 

United  States  Hotel 24 

Allyn  House.  Hartford 55 

Syracuse  House 168 

IRON    BUILDINGS. 

James  Bogardus. 30 

IRON  PIPES,  ENGINES,  &C. 

Banter,  Keller  &  Co 51 

IVORY. 

D.D.  Denison 15 

INSURANCE    COMPANIES. 

Atlantic  Mutual Cover 

Sun  Mutual 91 

Mercantile  Mutual 92 

Conti  neut.1 1 viii 

Home  Insurance 93 

New  Kngland  Life 6H 

Arctic.  Insurance  .....  Ill 

American  Exchange 62 


JEWELRY. 

Bijll.  Black  &  Co 1st  fly-leaf 

Titfany  &  Co cover 

JLauge&Bro 141 

LAND    WARRANTS. 

George  Woodman 27 

LANTERNS. 

D.  D.  Miller 146 

HaU  &  Waldron 88 

LEATHER,  BELTING,  &C. 

James  Cook xvi 

Prazier,  Mills  «fe  Co 122 

LITHOGRAPHERS. 

D.  &  J.  McLellan xvi 

G.  A.  Menzel  &  Co 140 

LUMBER  AND  MOULDINGS. 

J.  P.  Cunningham  112 

LOOKING-GLASSES. 

B.  W.  Merriam 1(5 

MACHINERY,  MILLS,  &C. 

J.  B.  Scheuck 25 

Stevetis,  Brother  Jk  To 151 

M.  C.  Chadwick  &  Co 102 

T.  K.  Earle  «%,  Co 110 

J.  A.  Bennet 39 

Mil)  Peck  &  Co 142 

Boston  Faucet  Company 163 

MAGNETIC  MACHINES. 

Dr.  S»B.  Smith 73 

MAHOGANY,  &C. 

G.  W.  k  G.  W.  ixiwene 8 

Gilchrist  &  Daniels    147 

MAPS    AND    CHARTS. 

H.  P.  Walling ,.  21 

MARBLE   (and  ARTIFICIAL  STONE.) 

E.  B.  Price 20 

Richard  Murphy 155 

MILLINERY  &  STRAW  GOODS. 

W.  Simmons 150 

MATHEMATICAL    INSTRUMENTS. 

J.  Poster,  Jr.,  &  Co 129 

NEEDLES. 

Clerk,  Green  &  Baker 70 

NEWSPAPERS  &  MAGAZINES. 

N.  Y.  Spectator 99 

N.  Y.  Daily  Evening  Post 90 

Boston  Daily  Post 97 

A.  Winch.  News  Agent 105 

Bankers'  Magazine 59 

NOTIONS YANKEE. 

Eugene  Woodward xiv 

OPTICIANS. 

Henry  Ware 136 

Charles  Alt Fly-leaf 

OYSTERS. 

C.  S.  Maltby 130 

PATENT  AGENTS  &  SOLICITORS. 

Thomas  H.  Dodge 80 

Elliott  .V  Patten 81 

C.  M.  Alexander 88 

Francis  S.  I  owe 6 

L.  W.Serrell 67 


CARRIAGES. 


•-^^   ,^rf/»^' 


SBSWSTISR   &   BAZ.DWZNy 

MAXUFACTUr.ERS  OP 

FIRST    CLASS    CARRIAGES 

Next  to  Grace  Church.]  Cor.  of  T.  nth  Street 

NEW    YORK. 

ILL  USTHA  TED  CA  TAL  OG UES  FURNISHED  A  T  EEQ  VEST. 


XI 


KIRTLAND,  NORTH   ^   PLATT, 


IMPORTERS  AND  WHOLESALE   DEALERS   IK 


Jfautj  (i00irs, 


HOSIERY,  WHITE  GOODS, 

Caibrs*  Crinimiitgs,  h., 

20  Cortlandt  Street,  New  York. 


We  invite  the  attention  of  dealers  in  the  above  goods  to  our 
large  stock,  which  will  be  found  suitable  for  all  markets. 

Having  the  best  facilities  for  buying  from  the  manufacturers 
and  importers,  we  are  at  all  times  prepared  to  sell  to  first-class 
merchants  at  the  lowest  market  price,  for  cash  or  approved 
credit. 

Please  call,  and  we  will  with  pleasure  show  our  stock,  and 

fjive  prices. 

xii 


BUSINESS     INDEX 


PATENT  MEDICINES. 

John  D.  Park 131 

PAINTS,  OILS,  GLASS,  &C. 

G.  H.  &  S.  T.  Baxter 103 

Lyon  &  Brown lOG 

PAINTERS. 

8.  T.  Bailey 

PAPER    WAREHOUSES. 

C.  W.  Field  A  Co 157 

C.  W.  Bei.edict Fly-leaf 

Hedges  &  Morse 26 

James  A.  Clai  k 100 

PIANOS. 

T.  S.  Berry 54 

Jno.  B.  Dunham 36 

PISTOLS  AND  FIRE-ARMS. 

Colt's  Miinufiictunnn  Co End 

Bacon  MaimfiHturiug  Co 107 

Onion  &  Wheelock  48 

PHOTOGRAPHERS. 

J.  Gurney  A,  Son 87 

A.  P.  Bee -her 5S 

J.  VV.  Willrtid.^Co 71 

G.  Dabbs  &  Co 117 

PRODUCE  COMMISSION. 

Hunt  k  Weart 55 

DertkyneA  Howe 82 

C.  Donat 84 

Mason  fc  Ely h3 

Stiger,  llandolph  &  Co 88 

PUBLISHERS. 

D.  Riilison 121 

Applej?ate  tV  C«). ...  132 

Ritchie  &  Co.,  Engravings 153 

RANGES. 

Bramhall,  Hedge  &  Co 162 

RAIL  ROAD  SUPPLIES,  &C. 

A.  Bridges  .V  Co 12 

A.S.  .fe  A.  G.  VVhiton 67 

S.  B.  Bowles 1 

SAFES. 

B.  G.  Wilder  &  Co 113 

Hall.(^arroll  &  Co 134 

Evans  &  Watson 152 

SCALES,  WEIGHTS  &  MEASURES. 

Fairbanks  cV  Co cover 

John  P.  Gruber 23 

SEWING    MACHINES. 

G.  B.  Sloat  .V  Co 114 

W.  P.  UliliiiKer&Co 115 

H.  C.  Buriman 127 

SEED,  &C. 

P.  B.  Mingle  &  Co. 79 

SKIRTS. 

Peck  Brothers 17 

SHOW  CASES. 

J.  H.  Fraser 76 

STATIONERS,  (  WHOLESALE. ) 

Araos  &  Barnes  72 

W.  ,V  C.  K.  Herrick l.^»< 

Ad^tsou,  Gates  &  Wright 133 


STATIONERS  AND  PRINTERS. 

Francis  ."fe  Loiitrel    96 

Moore.  Wilsbach,  Keys  &  Co 143 

U.  W.  Lee y 

Applegate  it  Co 132 

John  K.  Stimson  A  Bro 166 

SOAPS  AND  CANDLES. 
J.  C.  Hull's  Sons 


33 

SILVER  PLATED    WARE. 

Hartford  Manufacturing  Company....  123 

Rogers  Bio's  Maiuifacturiug  Compauy.  125 


STOVES. 

v..  Backus  <fc  Co 

Stairt  &  Peterson 

.160,  161 
116 

TAILORS. 
St.  John,  Raymond  &  Co 

175 

TAILORS'  TRIMMINGS. 
Till  &  Knevals 

77 

TIN  CANS. 

C.  F.  Williams 45 

TOOLS. 

Douglass  Manufacturing  Co 7 

Osborn  &  Swan i 

TRUNK    makers'  MATERIALS. 

D.  C.  Wilson  &  Co 20 

TRUNKS. 
G.  W.  Sholl 

135 

A.S.  BuiterQeld 

TRUSSES. 
J.  R.  BcDJamio 

...     139 
165 

VARNISHES. 
Stim.son,  Valentine  &  Co.    . 

118 

WATCHES. 
American  Watch  Co 

fi3 

D..hnie  k  (>> 

E.  A.  Warne 

WASHING  MACHINES. 
Sullivan  &  Hyatt 

...     140 
...     118 

Ifift 

WIGS  AND  TOUPEES. 
Cristadora 

WINES  AND  LIQUORS. 
Geo.  Mendnm 

96 

Linn  &  Decker 

. . . .       28 

MISCELLANEOUS. 
S.  T.  Bailey.  Knjbleniatic  Signs. . . 

8.  M<'Wiy  s  Axles  and  lSprinj;s 

W.  H.  I'age  dc  Cos  Wood   Jype. .  . 

B.  (L  Wells,  Architect 

William  No>es,  Damper  Governor 
Wone.'^ier  \\  iie  \\  oi  ks  ....         . 

...       60 
...       66 

. . . .       66 
.    .       67 

....     164 

5l« 

Sealey  A  Lee.  Stereoscopes 55 

New  Haven  Whiel  Mainiiac  tory 158 

G.  W.  Sholl  &  Co.,  Patent  Burial  Cate.     135 

P.  Evans,  Jr.. Seal  Pie>ses 138 

Empire  Sclmol  Furniture 49 

Hills  ,V  Benton,  Sieain  Heaters 177 

T.  F.  Gowraud.  C-'smetics,  &c 227 

George  A.  Moss,  Inks  and  Soaps 8 

S.  Wilde  &  Sons,  Cotlee .  Fly-leaf 

H.  (Jalbraith.  Carriage  Trimmings   ...        2 

Hi                               '•  "^^ 

OVKR. 

CHEAPEST  STORE 

IN  NEVr  YORS  CIT7. 


27  Cortlandt  Street, 

2d  and  3d  Floors,  SSW  ¥@SS. 


o 

(S 


t 

I 

H 

I 
I 

m 

s 

8 


I  sell  best  Steel  HOOP  SKIRTS  $2.75  per  dozen. 
I  sell  PINS  for  34  cents  per  pack. 

Others  sell  them  for  U  cents, 
I  sell  Willimantic  &  Clark's  SPOOL  THREAD  for  36  tents  per  dozen. 

Othei-s  sell  it  for  4U  and  4o  cents. 
I  sell  J.  &  P.  Coats'  SPOOL  THREAD  for  42  cents  per  dozeu. 

utUers  sell  it  for  47  cents. 
I  sell  RUBBER  COMBS,  long  or  circular,  for  $1.00  per  dozen. 

Others  sell  them  for  $1.50. 
I  sell  good  Italian  SEWING  SILK  for  $3.75  per  lb. 

Others  sell  it  for  $5.00. 
I  sell  Swan-bill  HOOKS  AND  EYES  for  62  cents  per  great  gross. 

oilieis  sell  them  for  81  cents. 
I  sell  LADIES'  LEATHER  BELTS  for  23  cents  per  dozen. 

uther^j  ^ell  them  for  50  cents. 

Please  Call,  Buy,  end  Save  20  per  cent. 


9 

(ft 

u 

J 


Gold  and  Silver  Watches.  Rings,  Bracelets,  Breast  Pins.  Gold  Pens  and  Pencils, 
Thimbles.  Silver-Plated  Knives,  Forks  aud  Spoons,  500  kinds  of  Perfumery  uud 
Soaps,  Paini  auil  Varnish  Bru>he8,  Whittw.ish,  Clothes,  Tooih  and  Hair  Biushes, 
Foolscap  aud  Note  Paper,  huvelopes.  Ink  and  Steel  Pens,  British  Lu.^ti'e,  Glue,  blu- 
ing, Sieel,  brass  and  lieed  Hoops,  Woolen  Yarn,  Zephyr  Worsted,  Kniiling  Cotton, 
Carpel  Bags,  Porte  Monnaies,  Pocket  Books,  Razor  birops  aud  Razors,  Spectacles 
and  Cases;  a  great  variety  of  Pocket  and  Table  Cutlery,  Scissors  and  Shears. 

TAILORS'  GOODS. 

Cloths,  Cassimeres,  Vestings,  Paddings,  Canvas,  Silecia,  Coat  Lining  and  Bind- 
ing, Silk,  Twi&t.  Thread,  Baitous,  Batis,  Shirts,  Bosoms,  and  Cotton  Drawers,  Wrap- 
pers, Stocks  aud  Cravats. 

MILLINERY  AND  SILK  GOODS. 

Bonnets  aud  Frames,  Ribbons,  Flowers,  Ruches,  Feathers,  Silks,  Shawls,  Para- 
sols and  Umbrellas. 


Linens,  Linen  Handkerchiefs,  Table  Cloths,  Diapers  and  Napkins. 


Carpets,  Oil  Cloth  and  Druggets. 


Lace  Goods  and  Embroideries. 


pi 

a 

Q 

o 
o 
p* 

I 

Q 

P 

a 


Great  variety  of  Cotton  and  Woolen  Hosiery. 

E.  WOODWARD, 

ii..e««orfA.woodw.r4.i  27  Cortlandt  St.,  W.  Y. 

xiv 


GEOKaB  G.    EVANS. 


K"^^  ,ii5»-«  j.L.^  )^s  A  yiim'i^m  Ji^^m  ^t^^-mm  q. 


m  ORIGINATOR  OF  THE  GIFT  BOOK  EM'ERPRISE. 


Important  to   Br)ok  buyers  !    Owin^  to  the  extensive  patronage  bestowed  upon  the  original 
Gift  Book  Enterprise, 

INSTITUTED  IN  1854,  BY  GEORGE  G.  EVANS, 

And  now  permanently  located  in  the  large  Iron  Building, 

No.  439  Chestnut  Street,  Philadelphia, 

And  from  the  increased  facilities  of  the  establishment,  he  is  now  prepared  to  distrilmte  more  valua- 
ble gift"  llinn  herelofore  to  all  who  patronize  his  liberal  method  of  disposing  of  New  and  Standard 
Works,  and  to  award  a  larger  per  cenlage  to  agents  than  any  olher  establishment  in  the  country. 

IF  YOU  ARE  IN  WANT  OF  BOOKS  OF  ANY  KIND, 

Send  to  the  Head-Quarters  of  6.  6.  Evans, 

Thif  oldest  uud  largest  Gift  Book  Enterprise  in  the  World, 
IVo.  439  Chestnut  Streel,  Philadelphia. 

YOU  CAN  GET  GOOD  BOOKS,  YOU  CAX  GET  CHOICE  BOOKS, 

YOU  CAN  GET  ALL  THE  NEW  BOOKS,  YOU  CAN  GET  ANY  BOOKS  YOU  WANT. 

LN  EVERY  DEPARTMENT  OF  LITERATURE. 

All  Bookfl  are  sold  at  the  Publishers'  lowest  prices,  and  you  have  the  advantage  of  receiving 

A  handsome  Presenr,  north  from  50  ds.  to  $100,  with  each  Book* 


GEORGE  G.  EVANS,  the  originator  of  Ihe  Gift  Book  Enterprise,  keeps  constantly  on  hand  Ihe  most 
exteD!«ive  stock,  the  jjreatest  assort meit  of  Books,  and  circulates  free,  to  all  who  may  apply,  the  most 
complete  <alalogiie  of  Books  and  (iifis  in  the  United  r^tatt-s. 

You  can  order  any  li(iok-<  that  you  may  want,  of  a  moral  character,  of  which  the  retail  price  is  $1.00 
or  more,  and  il  in  print,  they  will  be  furnished  at  the  publishers'  price.s,  and  pronjptly  .-^ent,  accom- 
panied wiih  Gifts   lo  any  part  of  the  world. 

Georj^c  (J.  Evans'  in-lncenients  to  Agents  cannot  be  surpassed.  The  mo.st  liberal  commissions  are 
olfered.  and  by  soliciiinpj  subscripiions  to  Books  in  the  manner  proposed,  twenty  books  can  be  sold  in 
the  same  time  that  it  would  take  to  ^ell  one  on  the  old-fashioned  subscription  plan. 

George  G  Evans,  the  originator  of  the  Gift  B)ok  Enterprise,  for  his  punctual  business  transactions, 
has  received  the  approbati<m  of  all  the  leaiing  city  journals,  and  over  one  thousand  NewspaperB 
throughout  the  country,  all  of  the  leading  l5o.ik  publishers,  and  over  6.000,000  citizens  o(  the  United 
!^tales,  each  of  whom  have  received  substantial  evidence  of  his  liberal  meihod  of  dillusing  knowledge. 

^cnd  for  a  ClaM«ilicd  Cntalogac  of  Books,  which  will  be  sent  gratis  to  any  person 
who  will  hvnd  lor  it,  and  wiiicli  contain^  a  ciunpiete  IihI  of  Ikjoks,  <iifts,  and  all  the  de.sired  information 
relative  lo  A)feiiciosand  the  formation  of  Clubs,  and  one  trial  will  convince  you  that  the  only  place 
where  you  should  purchase  Books  is  at  the 

HEAD-QUARTERS  OF  GEORGE  G.  EVANS, 

Proprietor  of  the  Oldest  and  Largest  Gift  Book  Encerprise  in  the  World, 
No.  439  CHESTNUT  STREET,  Philadelphia. 

XT 


Packages,  of  all  descriptions,  ia  order  to  go  with  certainty  to  destination,  by  Ex- 

MUST  BE  LEaiBLY  MARKED 

with  the  address  of  the   Person,  Town,  and  State  to  which  they  are  to  be  carried,  as 
plainly  as  posi^ible;  and  for  this  purpose  a  buush  is  usually  better  than  a  pen. 

,^^r  Do  not  use  cards  or  pafeb  tags  in  superscribing  packages,  as  they  are  liable 
to  be  rubbed  off  on  the  way. 

Avoid  the  careless  way  that  some  have  in  making  up  bundles  and  bales  to  be  sent 
long  dii*tances.  If  the  covering  be  paper,  let  it  be  of  a  firm,  durable  kind,  and  it 
should  be  well  secured  with  twine  or  other  material  strong  enough  for  the  purpose. 

The  Express  is  not  resprmsible  for  damage  to  the  contents  of  bundles^ 
parcels,  ^c,  INSECURELY  ENVELOPED. 

Money  parcels  must  be  sealed  -with  -wax  by  the  sender,  with  his  own 
seal,  or  one  which  he  can  identity;  and  the  true  amount  or  value  of  the  contents 
distinctly  marked  on  the  out.^ide  of  said  parcel,  otherwise  the  Express  will  not  be 
respon-sible  for  more  than  the  declared  value,  or  for  more  than  the  amount  f-pecified 
in  their  customary  form  of  receipt,  in  case  the  value  is  not  declared  at  all. 

Strangers  receiving  Money  Parcels  or  valuable  packages  by  Express,  are  required 
to  be  identified. 

Barrels,  firkins,  kegs  and  heavy  boxes  must  be  in  good  condition  for  transporta- 
tion btfore  delivery  to  the  Express.  Hickory  straps  properly  nailed  around  the  ends 
of  a  heavy  box  render  it  sale  from  breakage  by  the  rough  handling  to  which  all 
freight  is  necessarily  liable.  If  the  boxes  are  second-hand  or  weak  cases,  pains  must 
be  taken  (even  it  iheir  contents  are  light)  to  strengthen  them.  The  heads  and  ends 
of  barrels,  Ac,  should  be  well  fastened,  and  in  case  their  contents  are  poultry  or 
game,  it  ia  beet  to  have  air-holes  in  the  side.  The  Express  is  not  liable  for  the  natural 
perishing  of  poultry,  fruit,  or  any  other  freight  intrusted  to  it. 

Care  should  be  used  in  nailing  the  corners  of  boxes,  Ac,  containing  bottles,  jars,  or 
other  fragile  ware.  le.st  (as  is  often  the  case)  an  ill-driven  nail  do  damage  inside. 
In  such  instances,  the  injury  t.ot  being  ascertained  until  after  the  package  has  passed 
into  the  hands  of  the  Expressman,  the  blame  unjustly  attaches  to  him. 

The  Express  is  not  liable  for  the  breakage  of  glass-ware,  wax-work,  plaster  casts, 
or  any  similarly  fragile  articles,  nor  will  they  be  received  for  conveyance  unless 
properly  pacRed  in  wood. 

All  packages  accompanied  by  bills  to  collect  on  delivery  should  be  marked 

C.  O.  D. 

Take  care  that  your  freight  or  parcels  are  at  the  Express  office  seasonably. 

xvi 


D.  &  J.  McLELLAN, 

"THE  WRITING  READER," 

"lidure  of  Posts  feit^  i\t  CaWts  of  %  fafo," 

IN    OIL   COLORS, 

AND    THE    BEST    "  VIEW    OF    NEW    YORK "    EXTANT, 
No.  d6  Spruce  ISIreet,  cor.  William^ 


Special  facilities  for  the  production  of  Maps,  Plans,  and  Charts  of  every  descriptiiHt 

Importer  and  Wholesale  and  Eetall  Dealer  in 
BOOK  BINDERS'  &  POCKET  BOOK  MAKERS' 


C^ 


Book  Cloth,  Marble  Paper,  Marshall's  Thread,  &C., 
56  GOLD   STREET, 

NEAR  FULTON,  ETBW    VOBKi 

XTi 


NEW  YORK 

RAIL  ROAD  SUPPLY 

BTORE, 

No.  12  Gold  Street,  New  York. 


SB.    BOWLES, 


PROPRIETOR. 


"  We  would  call  special  attention  to  the  above,  as  being  a  first  class  Honso 
in  every  particular,  and  from  which  may  be  obtained  every  article  used  in 
the  survey,  constraction,  equipping,  and  repairs  of  Rail  Roads.  Based 
upon  a  practical  experience  of  ten  years  as  a  Machinist  and  Engineer, 
Mr.  Bowles  coftimoriced  the  btisitieSs  of  Rail  Road  Furnishing  about  five 
years  since,  and  the  variety  of  articles  furnished  by  him  is  only  equalled 
by;  the  extent  of  territory  to  which  his  goods  are  sent,  from  Texas  aud  Cuba 
in  the  South,  to  the  British  Provinces  in  the  North, — securing  to  its 
Proprietor  a  reputation  for  integrity  and  promptness  unsurpassed.  Mr. 
Bowles*  relations  with  the  Swith  are  of  the  most  intimate  character;  and 
to  those  of  our  Southern  friends  who  have  not  the  pleasure  of  his  acquaint- 
'Jftice;  whether  business  or  social,  we  would  say,  cultivate  it;  it  will  result  to 
your  pleasure  and  profit." 

1 


v?H 


MANUFACTURER  AND  DEALER  IN 


OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION, 

Nos.  6  and  8  Temple  Street, 

XEW  HAY£I¥,  Conn. 


Silver  Plated  Dashes;  Joints;  Handles;  Steps;  Foot  Rails;  Dash  Hods,  and 
all  other  Carriage  Irons  made  to  order,  of  any  required  Size  or  Pattern. 


IiaPROTED    SIIiVER    PAD    S  C  R  E  1¥  S  . 

Silver  Carriage  Bands,  latest  Styles  and  at  all  prices. 
DNT  13  Xj  Xji  '  JS     .A.  TJ  €3r^JlEL&     .A^l^JO     ^  X  "T 


n 

& 

o 

SI 


g 


STEWART    fe    GO'S 

i  STRAM  »" 

393  PEARL  STREET,  NEW  YORK, 


•Ss  ORIENTAL  CONFECTIONARY.  ^'S! 


^^  ^^  ^^  ^^! 


i 

N 

M 

tg 


Dealers  and  others  wishing  a  PURE  Article  of  Confectionery  of  fine  flavor  and  free 
from  all  adulteration  are  requested  to  send  us  their  orders.    Send  for  a  Price  List. 
STEWART  A;  CO.,  393  Pearl  Street,  W.  Y. 


HALL,  DIXON  &  CO., 

GHAMBEHS  and  131  REABE  STREETS, 

l<t:ErW   YORK, 


IMPORTERS  AND  WHOLESALE  DEALERS  IN      ^ 


DRUGS, 

CHEMICALS, 
PAINTS, 

DTE  STUFFS, 


TOILET  ARTICLES, 

FINE  WINES,  BRANDIES,  CIGARS,  &o. 

'   PBICE  LISTS  FURNISHED  ON  APPLICATION. 

Agents  fbr  the 
BRiNDIES  of  the  TINE  GROWERS'  COUPANT,  Cognae,  France. 

3 


PREFACE. 

In  the  following  work  the  author  proposes  to  treat  of 
the  origin  of  Eailroads  in  this  country,  and  the  decline 
and  fall  of  the  Stage-Coach  lines;  but  his  main  object  is 
an  exposition  of  the  rise  and  progress  of  the  Express 
Interest. 

The  growth  of  the  Express  service  has  been  compared 
to  that  of  "  a  mushroom  over  night ; "  and,  considering 
the  present  extent,  magnitude,  and  ubiquitous  operation 
of  the  business,  it  certainly  is  a  matter  for  astonishment 
that  its  origin  should  date  back  less  than  twenty  years. 

From  the  recentness  of  the  institution,  and  the  simple 
process  by  which  it  has  attained  to  an  importance  second 
only  to  that  of  railroads,  there  has  been  little  inducement 
to  prepare  for  the  press  any  thing  like  a  full  and  accurate 
history  of  the  causes  which  led  to  its  establishment,  and 
the  men  and  methods  by  which  it  has  become  what  it  is. 

The  facts,  however,  even  if  regarded  only  in  a  light 
purely  utilitarian,  are  well  worthy  of  being  put  upon 
record  for  future  reference ;  and  it  would  be  unwise  to 
defer  the  task  until  those  shall  have  passed  away  who, 
having  nursed  and  tended  the  business  in  its  infancy,  are 
the  best  sources  of  information  relative  to  its  early  history. 

But  apart  from  those  useful  facts,  the  Express  ex- 
perience has  had  its  share  of  novel  and  interesting  charac- 
teristics, and  is  still  marked  by  peculiarities  the  description 
of  which  will  repay  the  perusal.  That  it  redounds  greatly 
to  the  credit  of  American  enterprise,  who  can  deny  ? 


IV  PREFACE. 

Kor  is  it  entirely  a  work  of  supererogation  to  devote  a 
few  pages  to  reminiscences  of  a  class  of  carriers  who, 
prior  to  the  creation  of  railroads  and  expresses,  served 
the  public  faithfully  in  a  similar  capacity.  The  Stage- 
Ooach  proprietors,  drivers,  and  agents,  and  the  keepers  of 
travellers'  hotels  and  way-side  inns,  who  found  their 
occupation  gone  when  the  railroads  came  into  use,  were 
not  without  a  multitude  of  sympathizers  at  the  time,  but, 
nevertheless,  there  is  nowhere  to  be  found  any  record 
whatever  to  remind  us  of  the  last  days  of  a  business, 
once  the  pride  of  the  world,  and  for  centuries  coexten- 
sive with  civilization  itself.  The  present  work  aims  to 
remedy,  in  some  degree,  that  oversight. 

A  kindred  topic  considered  (without  which  no  history 
of  the  Express  service  would  be  complete)  is  the  origin  of 
Kailroads,  with  some  account  of  those  in  operation  in 
America  before  the  establishment  of  the  parcel  and  pack- 
age express.  The  author  has  taken  some  pains,  therefore, 
to  give  the  dates  of  the  incorporation  of  all  the  important 
Railroads  in  the  United  States,  together  with  some  facts 
concerning  their  foundation  and  management. 

Such  of  them  as  are  in  Massachusetts  were  for  the 
most  part  constructed  before  Haniden's  enterprise  was 
known;  hence  we  have  preceded  our  account  of  his 
Express  in  this,  the  initial  number  of  the  serial  history, 
by  some  useful  facts  relative  to  the  origin  of  Eailroads  in 
that  State.  In  future  parts  of  this  work,  the  author  will 
endeavor  to  do  justice  to  the  pioneer  railroads  in  other 
sections  of  the  country. 

New  Tokk,  June,  1860. 


SCHIEFFEL.IN  BROTHERS  &  CO. 

IMPORTERS  AND  JOBBERS  OF 


Nos.  170  and  172  WUUam  Street,  (and  No.  40  Beekman  Street,) 


Woald  call  the  attention  of  Dealers  throughout  the  United  States  to  their  large  and 

well-selected  stock  of 

Dfop,  Medicines,  Chemicals,  [ss.  Oils,  &c., 

embracing  everything  comprised  in  the  regular  business,  which  they  are  prepared  t* 
sell  on  the  most  favorable  terms  for  CASH,  or  APPROVED  PAPER. 

Importing  direct  from  all  the  principal  Drug  Markets  throughout  the  World, 
And  having  unequalled  facilities  for  the  purchase  of  goods,  they  are  in  a  position  tO 
offer  GREAT  INDUCEMENTS  to  purchasers,  whether  buying  by  the  package  or  less 
quantity. 

In  addition  to  their  stock  of  STAPLE  DRUGS  AND  CHEMICALS,  a  full  a»- 
sortment  of 


PERCOLATORS,  PIU  MACHINES, 

and  other  articles  pertaining  to  the  furniture  of  a  Drug  Store,  of  their  own  impor- 
tation, constantly  on  hand. 

Having  recently  added  to  their  establishment  a  department  devoted  exclusiyelr 
to 

lantn  (&mh,  lerfumers,  Cambs,  irttsbes,  anb  iruggists'  Juntos, 

received  direct  from  the  manufacturers  abroad  and  at  home,  thej  are  in  a  position  to 
offer  goods  of  this  class  on  very  favorable  terms. 

SOLE  IMPORTERS  AND  AGENTS  for  the  United  States  for 

BER ANGER'S    FRENCH    BALANCES, 

which  are  so  generally  admitted  to  be  the  most  correct,  durable,  and  elegant  Apoth»- 
cart's  Scales  that  are  made.    Also,  Wholesale  Agents  for  the  United  States  for 

SWAIM'S  PMACEi  AND  VERMIFUGE. 

Allen's,  Mander,  Weaver  &  Co.,  Herring's  and  Merck's  Extracts,  Chemi- 
cals, and  Medicinal  Preparations.  Also,  Lubin's,  Lo-w's,  Fiver's,  and  Mangenet 
A  Coudray's  Perfumery,  all  of  their  own  importation. 

^-©^Drugs  in  Bond  for  the  Canadian,  West  Indian,  and  South  American  Markets. 

Indigo,  Dyes  and  Spices  at  low  prices,  by  the  quantity  to  Manufacturers  and 
large  Dealers,  or  in  lots  to  suit  purchasers. 

INDIGJO.— Madras,  Manilla,  Caraccas,  and  all  other  kinds;  a  very  large  stock, 
of  all  prices  and  qualities,  constantly  on  hand,  and  for  sale  by  the  package  or  len 
quantity,  in  lots  to  suit  purchasers,  tert  low,  by 

Schieffelin  Bro's  ^k  Co.,  IV.  Y. 

Druggists'  Sundries  and  Fancy  Gk}ods. — Imported  direct,  and  for  sale  to 
ihe  trade  on  the  most  favorable  terms,  by 

SCHZErrELZN  BRO'S  6l  CO., 

170  and  172  WiUiam  St.,  and  40  Beekman  St.,  N.  7. 

4 


A.  B.  SANDS  &  CO., 
WHOLESALE  DEUGGISTS, 

IMPOBTERS  AND  DEALERS  IN 

ENGLISH,  FBENCH  AHD  GEfiMAH 

rugs  &  Peiricks, 

PAINTS,  OILS,  DYE-STUFFS, 

GLASSWARE,  PERFUMERY,  BRUSHES,  SPONGES,  SOAPS,  &c., 

5I0.  141  WILLIAM    STREET,   cor.  FULTON, 


Oar  Goods  are  offered  at  the  Lowest  Market  Prices,  and  orders  in  person  or  by 
mail  will  receive  prompt  and  careful  attention. 


SANDS'  SARSAPARILLA, 

THE  GREAT  AMEiaCAN  REMEDY 

Vor  the  Cure  of  all  Diseases  arising  from  an  Impure   State  of  the  Blood. 

It  is  recommended  by  the  leading  medical  authorities,  and  is  highly  ap« 

jkoved  by  all  who  have  tried  it. 

Because — It  produces  the  combined  effects  of  a  tonic,  alterative  and 
stimulative  medicine. 

Because — It  purifies  the  Blood  and  expels  the  poisonous  virus  which 
engenders  all  ulcerous  and  eruptive  diseases. 

Because — It  acts  powerfully  upon  the  secretions  of  the  body,  and  at 
once  removes  all  impurities. 

Because — It  does  not  reduce  the  system,  but  invigorates  it — thus  re- 
quiring no  detention  from  business  or  pleasure. 


For  Inflamed  Eyes  and  Eyelids,  use  the  ROMAN  EYE  BALSAM. 
For  Toothache,  use  the  CLOVE  ANODYNE  TOOTHACHE  DROPS. 
For  Worms  in  Children,  use  PERRY'S  "DEAD  SHOT"  VERMIFUGE, 
lor  Fever  and  Ague,  use  the  PERUVIAN  FEBRIFUGE. 

Prepared  by  A.  B.  &  D.  SANDS,  and  Sold  by  all  Druggists. 

5 

f: 


fflSTORY  OF  THE  EXPRESS  BUSINESS. 


THE  ORIGIN  OF  RAILWAYS,  THE  DECLINE  OF   THE   STAGING 

INTEREST,  AND  THE  RISE  AND  PROGRESS  OF  HARNDEN'S 

EXPRESS  ENTERPRISE. 

In  giving  a  history  of  the  origin  and  rise  of  the 
Express  Business,  it  will  be  proper,  as  well  as 
philosophical,  to  consider,  first,  the  cattses,  Wm.  F. 
Harnden  was  not  responsible  for  these.  To  him  be- 
longs the  credit  of  recognizing  a  public  want  before 
the  public  had  any  definite  idea  of  what  the  want 
was ;  and  not  merely  recognizing  it,  but  going  prac- 
tically and  with  characteristic  energy  to  work  to 
supply  it.  We  propose  to  render  in  this  book  a 
minute  and  accurate  record  of  his  enterprise,  not 
merely  in  justice  to  his  memory,  as  the  beginner 
and  earliest  practical  worker  of  an  institution  which, 
for  rapid  growth  and  business  importance,  is  with- 
out a  parallel,  but  because  the  facts  are  of  interest  to 
the  public,  and  deserve  a  place  in  the  commercial 
history  of  our  age.  Nor  would  it  be  proper  to 
limit  our  narrative  to  the  enterprises  of  Harnden, 


6  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

alone.  When  he  had  justified  the  feasibility  of  his 
project  by  its  success,  the  motive  power  of  "  compett- 
tion  "  was  superadded  to  his  previous  stimulus,  by 
the  creation  of  one  rival  express  after  another,  until 
the  whole  land  was  literally  lined  with  them.  We 
shall  attempt  to  do  justice  to  them  all,  in  due 
course. 

But,  for  some  years  anterior  to  any  of  these  en- 
terprises, there  had  been  certain  causes  at  work, 
and,  the  better  to  appreciate  the  nature  and  force  of 
them,  we  must  indulge  in  a  retrospective  glance  at 
the  last  days  of  the  old-fashioned  Stage-Coach  busi- 
ness, and  the  advent  of  Railroads  and  Steamships. 
And  first,  let  us  take  a  long  look  back  to  the  stage- 
coach service.  It  existed  fur  several  centuries,  and 
for  fifty  or  sixty  years  prior  to  the  construction  of 
the  first  railroad,  it  was  regarded  as  a  "  crack  "  in- 
stitution, worthy  of  illustration  by  the  best  artists. 
A  highly  spirited  picture,  usually  a  colored  engrav- 
ing, representing  the  London  Mail  Coach,  crowded 
with  passengers,  inside  and  out,  and  drawn  by  four 
or  six  fine  horses,  dashing  over  the  highway  at  a 
spanking  rate,  was  considered  as  worthy  of  a  place 
in  gentlemen's  houses  in  England,  any  time  during 
the  first  half  of  the  present  century.  The  taste  and 
skill  of  good  artists  were  tasked  to  depict  "  the 
team "  in  every  possible  situation, — in  the  act  of 
changing  for  relays ;  or  pawing  the  ground  at  the 
starting  place,  snufl&ng  eagerly  the  morning  air,  and 
impatient  to  be  off;  or  in  the  more  unfortunate  fix 
of  an  overturn,  or  break-down.    In  all  these  various 


"FOLEY'S" 

CELEBRATED 

GOLD  AND  SILVER  PEN  AND  PENCIL  CASES, 

I>E:3>J-  HOIjIDESnS,  discs.,  cS30. 


These  Superior  Pens  are  recommended  and  now  in  use  by 

nearly  all  the  Express  Go's,  "Banks,"  Insurance 

Go's,  Merchants,  &c.,  in  the  United  States. 

Office  and  Maoufaclory,  163  BIIOADWiiy,ll,y, 

FRANCIS  S.  LOW, 

SOLICITOR  FOR 

AHEBIGAN  &  FOREIGN  PATENTS 

AND 

ATT(3)MII  11  FATIIT  ^AEM. 


Interference  Cases  before  the  Patent  Office,  and  Infringe- 
ment Cases  before  the  United  States  Courts, 
particularly  attended  to. 

307   BROADWAY, 

Cor.  Duane  Street,  H^^  MW!^ 


WILES 


DOUGLASS 

iiiiEii,  iiWiii  iiifii,  &fi 
FREM'S  MGERS,  BITS,  HOLLOW 

t  Square  Co's  Square,  ^l,  i"t.,  ^t 


THOMAS  DOUGLASS,  Agent. 


Warehouse,  68  Beekman  St.,  N.  Y", 


MIRKS'  PATBiM  AND  IMPROVED  ARTIFICIAL  LIMBS. 


Long  and  well  known  as  the  best 
and  cheapest.    Received  an  addition- 
al approval  from  the  American  In- 
Istitute,  1859,  as  is  to  be  seen  by  the  followingex- 
tract  from  the  report  of  (lie  Judges. 

"  For  the  simplicity  of  its  constrnction,  the  ease 

with  which  it  may  be  taken  apart  for  cleaning  and 

repairs,  and  withal,  its  far  less  price,  makes  it 

worthy  of  especial  notice  from  the  Institute." 

^  ^  D.  M.  Reese,  M.D.,       ) 

N.B.  A  large  SILVER  MEDAL  was  awarded.         lewis  aX'^tre  m^d  j-^"^^''' 

still  continues  to  replace  AS  FAR  AS  MAN  CAN  the  loss  of  Leg  or  Arm,  with  in- 
creased improvements,  and  at  reduced  prices.     "  At  the  old  place," 

307  Broadway,  N.T,,  "Near  City  Hospital,"    A.  A.  MiRKS. 

t 


EXPRESS      HISTORY.  7 

engravings,  many  of  which  are  still  extant,  in  this 
country  as  well  as  abroad,  both  coach  and  horses  are 
always  represented  as  fine-looking  and  creditable  to 
the  institution.  Probably  the  Americans,  as  a  peo- 
ple, have  never  felt  half  that  love  and  admiration 
for  horse  flesh  which  have  been  characteristic  of  the 
men  and  women  of  old  England,  but  it  is  due  to  the 
proprietors  of  stage  lines  in  the  United  States,  and 
more  especially  in  New  England,  during  twenty 
years  or  more,  prior  to  the  origin  of  railroads,  to 
record  that  the  change  which  followed  that  era  in 
the  transportation  of  passengers,  was  in  no  degree 
owing  to  any  inferiority  of  their  teams  to  the  Eng- 
lish. Their  animals  were  the  best  that  could  be  pro- 
cured for  the  purpose,  and  their  coaches  (we  speak 
from  personal  knowledge  of  those  then  used  in 
Massachusetts)  handsome  and  costly.  That  they 
were  numerous  may  be  inferred  from  the  fact  that, 
in  1829,  there  were  77  lines  starting  from  Boston. 
In  183 '2  the  number  had  increased  to  106,  and  they 
were  all  driving  a  flourishing  business  at  that  time, 
and  continued  to  do  several  years  longer ;  for  though 
the  railway  system  was  projected  in  Massachusetts 
in  1830,  it  was  not  in  operation  until  1834.  For 
list  of  stage  lines  we  refer  the  curious  to  the  Mas- 
sachusetts Register  of  that  period;  also  Badger  & 
Porter's*  Stage  Register,  1830-5. 

An  important    person   was  the  stage-driver  in 
those  days,  when  locomotives  were  a  class  of  mon- 

*  They  were  publishers  of  the  Boston  Traveller      Porter  was  a  brother  to 
the  Editor  of  the  Spirit  of  the  Times. 


g 


EXPRESS     HISTORY. 


sters  as  yet  unknown,  and  the  free  earth  had  not 
felt  the  iron  shackles  of  the  railway.  Commonly  a 
portly,  florid-faced  man,  with  an  air  of  authority 
that  was  most  impressive,  as  he  sat  upon  his  box 
grasping  the  reins  of  his  four  or  six-in-hand,  he  was 
looked  up  to  by  all  sorts  of  people.  As  a  celebrity, 
he  certainly  ranked  as  high  as  the  Squire,  or  even 
as  the  minister ;  and  this  is  saying  not  a  little,  for 
hardly  a  quarter  of  a  century  has  passed  since  cler- 
gymen were  reverenced  full  as  much  as  the  magis- 
trates. That  was  before  locomotives  had  been 
dreamed  of;  and  post-roads  and  turnpikes  were 
thought,  by  the  great  body  of  the  people,  to  be  fast 
enough.  Had  it  been  said  to  that  corpulent  com- 
modore-like man,  with  the  whip,  reins  and  fate  of 
fifteen  passengers  in  his  hands,  that  two  parallel  iron 
rails  and  a  tea-kettle  on  wheels  would,  at  some  future 
day,  dethrone  him  from  his  imperial  position,  and 
render  staging  not  only  unfashionable,  but  almost 
obsolete,  he  would  have  stared  in  astonishment,  or 
smiled  in  pity,  upon  the  speaker,  as  either  a  fool  or 
a  madman.  The  stage-coach  he  regarded  as  indis- 
pensable as  we  now  think  the  railroad  and  express. 
In  addition  to  the  conveyance  of  passengers,  the 
driver  had  a  multitude  of  other  duties  to  perform 
upon  his  route.  There  were  messages  to  deliver, 
notes  and  bills  to  pay  or  collect,  and  nice  articles  to 
purchase,  beside  the  business  (more  important  than 
all  the  rest)  of  delivering  to  banks  and  brokers 
packages  of  money  for  redemption,  deposit,  or  ex- 
change.     Some  of  the  old  stage-drivers,  on  this 


G.  W.  &  G.  W.  LOWERRE, 


No.  138  CENTRE  STREET, 

Nearly  opposite  Nciv  Hnvcii  &  Ilarlctu  Freight  1>cpot, 

j|^B«tween  White  and  Walker  Sta.,  IKTo^VCT"  TKToxrlE^ 


Builders  Furnished  with  Newels,  Balusters  and  Plank, 

MAHOCAKV  IOCS,  BOARDS,  PIANKS  ^  VENEERS. 

Rose,  Satia,  Zebra  and  otber  Fancy  Woods.    Black  Walnut  and  Cherry. 

Geo.  W.  Lowerre.  G.  Williams  Lowerrb 

Established,  1850. 

0£;ORO£    A.    JflOSS, 

MANUFACTURER   OF 

BLACKING,  mi  LIQUID  BLUING,  WASHING  FLUID 

AND 

194    nU^J\*JE    STREET, 

Parker  XVIills  Building* 

Between  Greenwich  and  Washington  Sts.,  ,  'JSTJEm'Sy^T'    TT'OHLIBZ 


Dealer  in  Saleratus,  Cream  Tartar,  Soap  Powders,  Sal  Soda,  Matches,  &c. 

GOEDECKER,  KLEIN  &  CO., 

MANUFACTURERS  OF  ALL  KINDS  OF 

GILDED    AND    IMITATION 

ill 


ALSO 

©raameatedi  Qvals,  Frames  aad  M@taiMmgs 

OF 

GILD,    ROSEWOOD,    OAK,    WALNUT,    &o., 
No.  63  NE\¥  BOWERY, 

Near  Chatham  Square,  NEW     YORK. 


All  order§  promptly  attended  to. 

8 


THOS.    H.    BATE    tt    CO., 

No.  7  Warren  St.,  N.  Y. 


.'Ss^a^ 


MANUPACTUEEKS  AND  IMPORTERS  OP 

Fishing  Rods,  Reels, 

0UK%  Cinen  an^  Cotton  £ine0, 
CHINESE  GRASS  HS,  BiMBOOS  iND  REEB  POLES, 


and  everything  connected  with  the  above  branches. 


PATENTEES  OP  THE  CELEBRATED 

The  best  Trolling  Bait  ever  invented. 


Catalogues  fhrnished  on  application. 

9 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  \) 

account,  aver  roundly  that  they  were  themselves  the 
original  expressmen ;  but,  however  similar  their  ser- 
vice, it  was  never  known  by  the  name  of  express 
business,  and  was  no  more  entitled  to  be  called  so 
than  were  the  labors  of  the  baggage-wagoners. 

The  profits  of  the  errand  business  was,  we  be- 
lieve, the  drivers'  perquisites.  Many  of  these  per- 
sons were  possessed  of  some  property,  and  were 
what  is  called  "well-to-do  in  the  world."  They 
were,  in  numerous  instances,  either  sole  or  part 
owners  of  their  vehicles.  They  had  no  system  in 
their  errand  and  parcel  business :  it  was  all  in  their 
heads,  and  their  hats.  A  stage-driver's  hat — even 
in  those  days  when  the  monstrous  "bell  crown" 
was  the  fashion — was  usually  filled  with  letters  and 
parcels.  Some  of  them  aver  that  they  became  pre- 
maturely bald  in  consequence. 

We  confess  to  an  amiable  curiosity  to  know 
what  has  become  of  all  the  good  fellows  who  used 
to  be  connected,  either  as  proprietors,  drivers,  or 
agents,  with  these  lines,  but  we  cannot  hope  to  have 
it  in  our  power  to  refer  personally  to  more  than  a 
very  few  of  them.  Yet  it  is  our  purpose  to  make 
mention  of  many  of  those,  who,  before  they  were 
crowded  out  by  the  railroads,  were  the  most  useful 
and  highly  valued  servants  of  the  public,  on  the 
routes  now  used  by  the  express  companies  through- 
out the  country. 

Perhaps  we  shall  be  permitted  to  jot  down  in 
this  place  a  few  memoranda  which  we  have  gleaned 
from  the  old  files  of  the  Boston  Directory,  through 


10  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

the  politeness  of  its  enterprising  and  indefatigable 
proprietor,  Mr.  George  Adams,  and  from  some  of 
the  earlier  volumes  of  the  Daily  Evening  Transcript 
— the  latter  invaluable  journal  dating  back  as  far  as 
the  summer  of  1830,  when  it  was  established  by 
Lynde  M.  Walter,  and  Dutton  &  Wentworth. 

In  1829,  just  ten  years  prior  to  Harnden's  enter- 
prise, "  the  Albany  coach,  via  Troy  and  Greenfield, 
and  Boston  Union  Centre  Line,"  used  to  leave  Bos- 
ton on  Tuesday,  Thursday,  and  Saturday,  and  arrive 
in  Albany  on  the  third  day  to  dine.  Distance  160 
miles ;  fare  $6     0. 

The  "Mail  Line"  to  Albany,  via  Northampton, 
left  on  Monday,  Wednesday,  and  Friday,  and  arrived 
in  Albany  next  day  at  7  p.  m.  Distance  169  miles; 
fare  to  Northampton,  $4  50 ;  to  Albany,  $8  75. 

The  extra  fare  by  the  Mail,  is  to  be  ascribed  of 
course  to  the  superior  speed  of  that  line. 

An  "  Accommodation  Line,''  arriving  in  Albany 
on  the  third  day,  charged  a  fare  of  $7  00. 

Another,  foreshadowing  the  Express  perhaps, 
used  to  beat  the  mail  by  an  hour :  fare  $8  75. 

There  were  two  or  three  other  lines  from  Boston 
to  Albany.  The  stage  fare  to  Worcester  in  those 
days  was  two  dollars.  It  was  currently  believed, 
that  if  there  should  ever  be  a  railroad  on  that  route, 
the  fare  would  not  exceed  fifty  cents. 

"The  Boston  and  New  York  Mail  Coach"  left 
daily  at  1  p.  m.  ;  arrived  at  Hartford  next  morning 
at  6,  in  New  Haven  at  2  p.m.,  and  in  New  York  at  6 
?.  M.,  second  day. 


Patented  Apiil  Gth,  1859. 

vnnuojjT  sucTzozr,  ixtxthovt  r ACKiira. 

Fig.  1 — Is  a  perspective 
view.  The  Pump  is  im- 
mersed ia  water,  and  the 
handle  being  given  a  recip- 
rocating motion,  the  T« 
piece  E,  receives  a  similar 
one  through  the  lods,  F. 
This  gives  the  piston  a 
horizontal  back  and  forth 
motion,  at  each  of  which  it 
takes  in  a  quantitj^  of  wa- 
ter and  forces  it  into  tho 
air-chamber,  and  thence 
through  the  pipe  upwards 
to  anj  height.  To  this  pipe 
a  hose  is  here  attached  to 
show  how  it  throws  water, 
Ac,  &c. 

This  is  a  Doublk-Act- 
iMO  Force  Pump,  with  but 
one  bore  and  one  piston, 
worked  by  a  tee  piece,  hav- 
ing as  much  leverage  and 
less  friction  in  its  work- 
ing than  any  other  pump 
heretofore  invented.  War- 
ranted to  give  satisfac- 
tion, or  the  money  will  be 
returned ;  will  not  rust, 
will  not  freeze;  throws  wa- 
ter 40  feet  by  hose;  forces 
to  great  heights  and  dis- 
tances by  hand;  simple, 
cheap,  durable;  prices 
from  $15  to  $G0;  works  by 
power  also ;  raises  from 
6  to  60  galls,  per  minute. 

"The  labor  ot  working  it  ia 
very  trifling."— iV.  Y.  Ch. 
Adv.  i£  Jour.  »'It  brings  a 
continuous  stream  with  littlo 
or  no  labor." — .So.  Planter, 
Va.  "  It  took  the  premium 
at  our  State  Fair." — Jialeigh 
Register,  N.  C.  "We  never 
saw  one  comparable  to  it." — 
St.  Louis  Ch.  AdixKale.  "We 
consider  it  the  best  we  have 
eTeraeen.'  "    •,  ,  rything  wehave  exa">ined  "— 6' 5.  yoj/r.    "The 

most  useful  iuvenlion  of  the  day.'—N.  1'.  Express.  "A  boy  of  10  years  can  work  jt  at  60  tt."—N.r. 
Independent.  "One  man  forced  water  540  ft.  and  97  perpendicular."— ^cieW^iAc  American.  "  We  have 
seen  one;  a  roan  can  work  it  at  100  feet."— Z>ay  Book,  N.  V.  "Those  who  have  used  it  speak  highly  of 
it."— N.y.  Observer.  "Wo  give  it  our  unqualified  approbation."— iSpani.»?i  Paper,  N.  Y.  "It  possess- 
es many  advantages  over  the  ordinary  pumps."— i\r.  Y.  Chron.  "It  is  extensively  employed,  and  is  found 
to  be  an  excellent  apparatus  for  rai.^ing  water.  "—Prac.  Mach.,  N.  Y.  "  From  an  examination  of  the 
model  we  should  say,  that  with  the  aid  of  such  a  pump  any  one  could  force  water  anywhere,  or  to  any 
height." — Am.  Agriculturist,  N.  Y-  "This  pump  will  meeta demand  never  yet  supplied." — Merchants 
Planier,  N.  Y.  "We  advise  all  personn  in  want  of  a  pump  that  will  raise  water  150  feet  or  less,  to  buy 
this."— i/mer's  Rural  Am.,  N.  Y.  "For  wells,  railroad  stations,  &c.,  this  pump  will  be  almost  indis- 
pensable and  invaluable." — Mer.  <£  Manu.  Jour.,  N.  Y.  "Having  seen  one  of  your  pumps  in  operation, 
we  consider  it  the  best  we  have  ever  seen  for  general  use." — Galveston  News,  Texas. 

Nkw  York,  April  18,  1860. 
I  hereby  certify  that  a  No.  2  "American  Pump,"  which  Mr.  F.dney  put  up  on  my  premises,  at  King's 
Bridge,  forced  water  upon  the  first  trial,  through  a  three-quarter  inch  pipe,  to  a  perpendicular  eleva- 
tion of  210  feet,  and  a  distance  of  850  feet  horizontal,  discharging  five  gallons  per  minute,  with  the  labor 
of  two  men  at  the  handles,  working  with  ease  and  regularity.  WM.  0.  GILES,  100  Chambers  St. 

Complete  Drawings,  Prices,  he,  Ac,  sent  free. 

JAIflES  m.  BDHKY,  147  Chambers  St.,  J¥.  Y. 

Dealer  in  Fianos,  IMCelodeons,  Safes,  6lc,    Frices  sent  free. 

49- LIBERAL  DISCOUNT  TO  liXPRESS  AGENTS.  "«* 

10 


JOHN  G.  A.  VAGT, 

57  John  Street,  New  York, 

IMPORTER    OF 

FinClillTM.llil&T(IIll!TWm 

mm  AND  AlE  GLASSES,  FINGER  BOWLS, 

BAS  TUHBIIBS,  CUT  AND  PLAIN  BEEB  MUGS,  COBDIAL  GLASSES,  &C. 

BOHEMI^IST    CUT    OL^SS, 

©able  ttJarc  an&  lancg  Colonli  ®lo00  ttlare. 


An"  assortment  of 

PIRUN  MARBLE  AND  PAINTED  BISQUIT  STATDETTES, 

FRENCH     CHINA    VASES, 

Carb  ^askds,  Canblestitk,  Pugs,  Spitttrans, 

JEWEL  BOXES,  MATCH  BOXES,  TOILET  POWDER  BOXES, 
iCOLOGNE  BOTTLES,  &c. 

fffilSl  ©M§i  ilAMg, 

With  or  without  Rosewood  Stands. 

Black  Walnut  and  Rosewood  Liquor  Cases,  Glass  Shades  with  Artificial 

Flowers  and  Wax  Figures;  Molasses  Jugs  with  metal  covers;  a  large 

assortment  of  Germ«»  Fancy  China  for  Etageres,  &c.  ;  Glass 

Drops,  Napkin  Rings,  and  also  a  very  large  assortment  of 

'JEi  :ei.  Ts/L  js^  isr   TOTe^s. 

11 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  11 

The  fare  from  Boston  to  Concord,  New  Hamp- 
shire, was  $3  00 ;  to  Portland,  Maine,  it  was  $8  UO. 

"The  Boston  and  Providence  Citizens'  Stages," 
used  to  leave  the  Marlboro  Hotel  at  5  a.  m.  daily, 
''to  meet  the  Providence  boats;  "  fare  $2  50. 

In  1830,  (the  year  in  which  the  Boston  and  Low- 
ell Railroad  was  chartered,)  there  was  a  line  of 
Boston,  Lowell,  and  Nashua  stages,  which  left  the 
Marlboro  Hotel  daily,  at  7  a.  m.,  for  Amherst,  New 
Hampshire;  Windsor,  Royalton,  and  Burlington, 
Vermont ;  Montreal  and  Quebec.  Four  years  after- 
wards, we  find  E.  W.  Lawrence  advertising,  at  Low- 
ell, the  ''  North  Star  Line  of  Stages,"  from  Boston, 
to  Keene,  New  Hampshire 

The  ^''Package  Express''*  of  modern  times  was 
unknown  until  Harnden  started  it,  but  special  ex- 
presses for  the  transmission  of  important  private  or 
public  intelligence  have  been  in  use,  occasionally,  for 
hundreds  of  years  past.  These  expresses  were 
usually  conveyed  upon  fleet  horses,  with  frequent  re- 
lays at  intervals  upon  the  route.  Life  and  death  of- 
ten depended  upon  their  speed,  and  not  a  few  illus- 
trious political  offenders  have  had  to  thank  the  riders 
for  their  timely  relief  from  the  edge  of  the  axe,  or 
the  pressure  of  the  rope.  Even  whole  cities,  when 
about  to  yield  to  besieging  armies,  have  been  saved 
by  these  expresses.  A  case  of  this  sort  was  that  al- 
luded to  by  Browning,  in  his  fine  poem  of  ''  How 
they  brought  the  good  news  from  Ghent  to  Aix^ 

As  it  presents  a  graphic  picture  of  the  Express 
Rider,  and  reminds  us  of  some  similar  equestrianism 


12  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

by  Express  messengers  in  California,  it  will  not  be 
inappropriate  to  insert  it  here. 


I  sprang  to  the  stirrup,  and  Joris,  and  he ; 

I  galloped,  Dirck  galloped,  we  galloped  all  three ; 

"  Good  speed  !"  cried  the  watch,  as  the  gate  bolts  undrew ; 

"  Speed  !"  echoed  the  wall  to  us  galloping  through; 

Behind  shut  the  postern,  the  lights  sank  to  rest, 

And  into  the  midnight  we  galloped  abreast. 

n. 

Not  a  word  to  each  other ;  we  kept  the  great  pace, 
Neck  by  neck,  stride  by  stride,  never  changing  our  place ; 
I  turned  in  my  saddle  and  made  the  girths  tight. 
Then  shortened  each  stirrup,  and  set  the  pique  right, 
Rebuckled  the  cheek-strap,  chained  slacker  the  bit, 
Nor  galloped  less  steadily  Roland  a  whit. 

III. 

'Twas  moonset  at  starting ;  but  while  we  drew  near 

Lokeren,  the  cocks  crew  and  twilight  dawned  clear ; 

At  Boom,  a  great  yellow  star  came  out  to  see ; 

At  Duffeld  'twas  morning  as  plain  as  could  be ; 

And  from  Mecheln  church-steeple  we  heard  the  half-chime, 

So  Joris  broke  silence  with,  "  Yet  there  is  time  !" 

IV. 

At  Aerschot,  up  leaped  of  a  sudden  the  sun, 
And  against  him  the  cattle  stood  black  every  one, 
To  stare  thro'  the  mist  at  us  galloping  past. 
And  I  saw  my  stout  galloper  Roland  at  last, 
With  resolute  shoulders,  each  butting  away 
The  haze,  as  some  bluff  river  headland  its  spray. 


And  his  low  head  and  crest,  just  one  sharp  ear  bent  back 
For  my  voice,  and  the  other  pricked  out  on  his  track  j 
And  one  eye's  black  intelligence, — ever  that  glance 
O'er  its  white  edge  at  me,  his  own  master  askance  ! 
And  the  thick,  heavy  spume-flakes  which  aye  and  anon 
His  fierce  lips  shook  upwards  in  galloping  on. 


A.    BRIDGES    $(    CO.," 

manufacturers  and  Dealers  in 


AND 


MACHINERY 

OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION, 

64  COURTL,^J%*DT  STREET^ 

NEW   YORK. 


RAIL  ROAD  AXLES,   SPIKES,   NUTS,   CAR,   SHIP 

AND  WHEELS,  CHAIRS,   BOLTS,  WASHERS, 

BRIDGE  BOLTS, 

Iron  Forcings,  of  various  kinds,  &c. 

STEEL  AND  RUBBER  SPRINGS,  PORTABLE  FORGES  AND 

JACK  SCREWS,  LOCOMOTIVE  AND  HAND  LANTERNS, 

COTTON  DUCK  FOR  CAR  COVERS, 

BRASS  AND   SILVERED   TRIMMINGS. 


Sole  •Igenla  for  the  Jftanufacturers  oT 


We  also  give  particular  attention  to  the  purchase  of  Lumber  and  all 
other  articles  required  by  RAIL  ROAD  COMPANIES,  CAR  BUILD- 
ERS, and  others  who  may  favor  us  with  their  orders. 

AL.BERT  BRIDGES.  JOEL  €.  I^AHE. 

13 


ENRY  A.  BROWN  &  CO., 

181  Broadway,  N.  J[. 

HISTORY  OF  GOLD  PENS. 

Some  sixty  years  since  a  Chemist  in  England  discovered  the 
metal  now  called  Irridium,  and  applied  it  to  the  points  of  a  few 
pens,  for  his  own  use.  From  that  time  no  notice  was  taken  of  the 
discovery  for  thirty  years,  when  Mr.  J.  Hawkins,  an  American  by 
birth,  resident  of  London,  and  civil  engineer,  hearing  of  this  metal, 
obtained  it,  and  applying  the  same  to  gold,  as  a  body  for  the  pen, 
succeeded  in  making  a  small  number;  but  being  without  elasticity, 
broad-pointed,  and  not  capable  of  writing  fine,  they  were  abandon- 
ed. American  skill  and  ingenuity  were  then  brought  into  re- 
quisition to  make  (what  English  Bumbcomb  failed  to  do)  a  good 
gold  pen. 

In  the  year  1837,  a  gentleman  from  America  hearing  of  the 
gold  pen,  procured  of  Mr.  Hawkins  some  Irridium,  and  brought 
it  to  the  United  States.  Failing  to  get  them  made  in  New  York, 
he,  on  his  way  West,  became  acquainted,  in  Detroit,  with  Mr.  Levi 
Brown,  watchmaker,  a  good  workman,  and  a  man  of  known  integ- 
rity, whom  he  induced  to  go  to  New  York,  and  commence  the 
manufacture  of  gold  pens.  Three  years^  hard  uphill  work,  and 
the  public  were  convinced  that  Levi  Brown's  gold  pens  were  all  in 
all — -v^hat  they  claimed  to  be.  In  1840,  Henry  A.  Brown  commenc- 
ed his  employment  with  Mr.  Levi  Brown,  and  remained  as  superin- 
tendent of  his  establishment  until  185L  During  this  time,  by  many 
experiments,  and  a  heavy  outlay  of  money,  they  succeeded  in  pro- 
ducing a  perfect  gold  pen.  In  1854,  Mr.  H.  A.  Brown  bought  the 
stock  in  trade,  tools,  and  good-will  of  the  business  of  Mr.  Levi 
Brown,  and  continues  to  make  the  same  pens,  employing  the  same 
workmen  that  had  been  engaged  in  the  factory  for  17  years.  Al- 
though Mr.  Brown  has  sold  his  trade  mark  to  another  party,  who 
stamps  his  pens  "  Levi  Brown,"  yet  Mr.  H.  A.  Brown  contends,  and 
the  public  can  judge,  that  he  is  the  only  manufacturer  of  the 
genuine  Levi  Brown's  gold  pen. 

13 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  13 


VI. 

By  Hasselt  Dirck  groaned;   and  cried  Joris,  "  Stay  spur ! 
Your  Roos  galloped  bravely,  the  fault's  not  in  her, 
We'll  remember  at  Aix" — for  one  heard  the  quick  wheeze 
Of  her  chest,  saw  the  stretched  neck  and  staggering  knees, 
And  sunk  tail,  and  horrible  heave  of  the  flank, 
As  down  on  her  haunches  she  shuddered  and  sank. 

VII. 

So  we  were  left  galloping,  Joris  and  I, 

Past  Looz  and  past  Tongres,  no  cloud  in  the  sky ; 

The  broad  sun  above  laughed  a  pitiless  laugh ; 

'Neath  our  feet  broke  the  brittle,  bright  stubble  like  chaff; 

Till  over  by  Dalhem  a  dome-spire  sprang  white. 

And  "  Gallop,"  gasped  Joris,  "  for  Aix  is  in  sight  I" 

vm. 

"  How  they'll  greet  us  !" — and  all  in  a  moment  his  roan 
Rolled  neck  and  croup  over,  lay  dead  as  a  stone. 
And  there  was  my  Roland  to  bear  the  whole  weight 
Of  the  news  which  could  save  Aix  from  her  fate. 
With  his  nostrils  like  pits  full  of  blood  to  the  brim, 
And  with  circles  of  red  for  his  eye-sockets'  rim. 

IX. 

Then  I  cast  loose  my  buff-coat,  each  holster  let  fall, 

Shook  off  both  my  jack  boots,  let  go  belt  and  all. 

Stood  up  in  the  stirrup,  leaned,  patted  his  ear, 

Called  my  Roland  his  pet  name,  my  horse  without  peer ; 

Clapped  my  hands,  laughed  and  sang,  any  noise,  bad  or  good, 

Till  at  length  into  Aix  Roland  galloped  and  stood. 


And  all  I  remember  is,  friends  flocking  round 
As  I  sat  with  his  head  twixt  my  knees  on  the  ground. 
And  no  voice  but  was  praising  this  Roland  of  mine. 
As  I  poured  down  his  throat  our  last  measure  of  wine, 
Which  (the  burgesses  voted,  by  common  consent,) 
Was  no  more  than  his  due  who  brought  good  news  from 
Ghent. 


14  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

Special  Expresses^  for  the  conveyance  of  impor- 
tant public  news  were  sometimes  employed  by  the 
enterprising  New  York  Press.  In  the  Boston  Daily 
Eve.  Transcript  of  Dec.  11, 1830,  we  find  the  follow- 
ing paragraph,  by  Lynde  M.  Walter,  the  editor. 

"  President's  Message. — Some  little  idea  of  the 
opposition  that  exists  amongst  New  York  Editors 
may  be  formed  when  we  mention  that  so  great  was  the 
anxiety  to  get  the  start  of  each  other,  and  have  the 
credit  of  being  out  first,  that  three  Expresses  were  em- 
ployed by  the  printers  of  that  city.  The  Courier 
and  Enquirer  engaged  one  to  bring  on  President 
Jackson's  Message  to  them  only  ^  the  Journal  of 
Commerce  received  it  by  special  express ;  and  other 
papers  had  a  third  in  common  to  them  all.  The 
Courier  and  Enquirer^  speaking  of  it  says,  "  It  was 
delivered  yesterday  at  12  o'clock,  and  conveyed  from 
thence  to  Baltimore  by  Express.  From  Baltimore 
to  Philadelphia  by  steamboat;  and  from  Philadel- 
phia to  this  city  by  our  Express  in  six  hours  and 
twelve  minutes,  notwithstanding  the  bad  situation  of 
the  roads.  We  would  have  been  able  to  lay  it  be- 
fore our  readers  at  an  earlier  hour  had  not  our  Ex- 
press between  Baltimore  and  Washington  lost  all  his 
copies.  As  it  is  we  have  incurred  an  expense  of 
nearly  three  hundred  dollars." 

It  is,  perhaps,  needless  to  say,  that  railroads  not 
being  in  use  at  that  time  these  news  expresses  were 
conveyed  upon  fast  horses;  the  relays  being  fre- 
quent. The  example  of  the  New  York  Editors  was 
afterwards  imitated  in  Boston,  by  Richard  Haugh- 
ton  of  the  Atlas^  and  others. 

We  now  come  to  a  consideration  of  the  origin  of 


PHELPS  &  KINGMAN, 

TVhoIesale  Dealers  and  Manufacturers  of 


ROSE  WOOD,   BLACK  WALNUT   AND   MAHOGANY 

furniture;, 

UphoUtrrfd  in  Hair,  Clotli,  Brocatelle.  Plusb,  Delaine,  Lasting,  &c.,  &c., 
Nos.  118  &  120  Chatham  Street,  New  York, 

Offer  for  sale,  at  great  reductioQ  from  former  prices,  a  large  assortment,  consisting 
in  part  of 


Tete-a-Tetes,  Rocking  Chairs, 

Sofas,  Office  Chairs, 

Sofa  Bedsteads.  :Elageras, 

Mahogany  Chairs,  jBureaus, 
Black  Walnut  Chairs.'Sideboarda, 

Rose  Wood        do.  I  Wardrobes, 

Easy  do.  |  French  Bedsteads, 


High  Post  Bedsteads, 
Common         do. 
Feather  Beds, 
Mattrasses, 
Card  Tables, 
Extension  Tables, 
Centre  Tables, 


Marble  Top  Tables, 
Work  Tables, 
Washstands, 
Marble    Top    Wash- 
stands, 
Book  Cases, 
Desks, 


MAPLE,  BLACK  WALNUT,  CANE,  RUSH  SEAT,  and  FANCY  CHAIRS. 

Sole  Wiiolesale  Agents  for  HOWE'S  PREMIUM  ELLIPTIC  SPRING  BED  BOTTOMS, 

Patented  July  17th,  1855,  and  improved  in  1859.  Over  20,000  have  been  sold  within 
the  past  year  to  the  most  prominent  Md  reliable  citizens  in  the  Union.  These  Bed 
Bottoms  will  sustain  2.000  pounds  weight  without  injury,  and  warranted  to  last  a  life- 
time. Can  be  applied  to  any  description  of  Bedsteads  in  ten  minutes,  and  are  sold  at 
retail  at  the  very  low  price  of  from  $3.75  to  $6.00  per  set. 

Exclusive  Manufacturers  of  NEEDHAM'S  PATENT  SOFA  BEDS. 

Hotels,  Steamboats,  ami  Private  Fatuilies  furnished  with  all  varieties  of  Furniture,  Beds,  and  Mat- 
traxBcn,  on  the  most  reasonable  terms,  and  at  short  notice. 

N.  B.  Dealers  and  those  enjfaged  in  Southern,  Western,  and  India  Trade,  supplied  with  Cabinet  Fur- 
niture, and  all  varieties  of  Cane  and  Wood  .Seat  Chairs  and  Kocking  Chairs,  (packed  in  boxes  or  other- 
wife,)  in  any  quantitj,  at  the  lowest  market  price. 

u 


DAVID    D.    DENISON, 

SUCCESSOR    TO 

JNO.  M.  PHYFE  &  CO., 


9 


1 


i 


muM 


9, 


BILLIARD  BALLS, 
BAGATELLE   « 
PYRAMID  POOL  BALLS, 
PIN  POOL 

ROULETTE        " 
RONDO  " 

BILLIARD  BLOCKS, 


BILLIARD  CUES,  plain  and 
fancy, 

FRENCH  CUE  LEATHER, 

BILLIARD  CHALK, 

"    .        CUE  WAX, 

"    MACES  &  BRIDGES, 

"  CLOTHS. 


IVORY  FARO  CHECKS  IN  GREAT  VARIETY 

Constantly  on  band  and  made  to  order. 


m^^M  wmmw  (^^mm  ^(§s@@» 

CUE  KEEPERS,  DEALING  BOXES, 
OLOTH  LAY  OUTS,  &c. 


DOMXNOES,  CHESS  MEN  &  IVORT  GOODS, 

IN  EVERY  VARIETY. 


PIANO  FORTE  IVORY  and  EBONY  SHARPS  constantlf  on  hand. 


All  orders  promptly  executed,  received  and  collected  through  Express. 

Office  269  CANAL  STREET, 

NEW   YORK. 


NEAR  BROADWAY, 


15 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  15 

an  institution,  but  for  which  such  an  establishment 
as  a  package  Express  Office  might  never  have  been 
known.     We  allude,  of  course,  to  the  Railway. 

In  Judge  Redfield's  very  valuable  "  Practical 
Treatise  upon  the  Law  of  Railroads^''''  he  states  the 
following  facts  by  way  of  introduction :  "  Although 
some  of  the  Roman  roads,  like  the  Appian  Way, 
were  a  somewhat  near  approach  to  the  modern  rail- 
way, being  formed  into  a  continuous  plane  surface, 
by  means  of  blocks  of  stone  closely  fitted  together, 
yet  they  were,  in  the  principle  of  construction  and 
operation,  essentially  different  from  railways.  The 
idea  of  a  distinct  track  for  the  wheels  of  carriages, 
does  not  seem  to  have  been  reduced  to  practice  un- 
til late  in  the  seventeenth  century.  In  1676  some 
account  is  given  of  the  transportation  of  coals  near 
Newcastle  upon  the  river  Tyne,  upon  a  very  imper- 
fect railway,  by  means  of  rude  carriages,  whose 
wheels  run  upon  some  kind  of  rails  of  timber. 
About  100  years  afterwards,  an  iron  railway  is  said 
to  have  been  constructed,  and  put  into  operation 
at  the  colliery  near  Sheffield.  From  this  time  they 
were  put  into  very  extensive  use  for  conveying  coal, 
stone,  and  other  like  substances,  short  distances,  in 
order  to  reach  navigable  waters,  and  sometimes  near 
the  cities  where  large  quantities  of  stone  were  need- 
ed for  building  purposes. 

"These  railways,  built  chiefly  by  the  owners  of 
coal  mines  and  stone  quarries,  either  upon  their  own 
land,  or  by  special  license,  called  way-leave,  upon 

^■•^o  loi-./l  of  otViora    \\9^f\  \\f^nr\-n\c^  nnnnprnns  Inner  hpforp 


16  EXPRESS      HISTORY. 

the  application  of  steam  power  to  railway  transpor- 
tation,   f'-^'^^^  ^^  ^^-3  f' 

**  Some  few  questions  in  regard  to  these  railways, 
or  tram-ways^  at  common  law,  have  arisen  in  the 
English  courts. 

"All  railways,  or  similar  corporations,  in  this  coun- 
try, exist,  or  are  presumed  to  have  originally  exist- 
ed, by  means  of  an  express  grant  from  the  legislative 
power  of  the  State,  or  sovereignty. 

"  The  first  use  of  locomotive  engines  upon  railways 
for  general  transportation,  does  not  date  further  back 
than  October,  1829  ;  and  all  the  railways  in  this 
country,  with  one  or  two  exceptions,  have  been  built 
since  that  date.'* 

"  The  celebrated  trial  of  locomotive  engines,  up^ 
on  the  Liverpool  and  Manchester  Railway,"  (says 
Judge  Redfield,  in  a  concluding  note,)  for  the  pur- 
pose of  determining  the  relative  advantage  of  sta- 
tionary and  locomotive  power  upon  such  roads,  and 
which  resulted  in  favor  of  the  latter,  was  had  in  Oc- 
tober, 1829." 

Another  authority,  viz.  two  large  volumes  de- 
voted to  the  Railroad  laws  of  New  England,  gives  us 
the  data  of  all  the  railway  enterprises  of  Massachu- 
setts, Maine,  New  Hampshire,  Vermont,  Connecticut, 
and  Rhode  Island. 

The  earliest  use  of  the  railway  principle,  in  Amer- 
ica, was  by  the  "  Quincy  Granite  Railway  Company," 
(Thos.  H.  Perkins,  Wm.  Sullivan,  Amos  Lawrence, 
David  Moody,  Solomon  Willard,  Gridley  Bryant, 
*'  and  their  associates,")  who  were  chartered  by  the 


xsjsi:".A.33XjiXjS3a:£:x>  4X  ir^JjAJFLtsi. 


LOOKiNG 


O 


B.  W.  MERRIAM, 

84  Chatham  St., 


Manufactures  aud  offers  fur  Sale  the  following  assortment  of  Looking  Glasses,  &e« : 

1,000  LARGE,  RICHLY  ORNAMENTED  AND  PLAIN. 
210,000   O.  G.  BAND  POLISHED  MAHOGANY,  aU  sizes, 
230,000  BEVELS,  of  various  sizes. 

6,000  PLAIN  GILT  GLASSES,  of  aU  sizes. 

§1^11      ^i^      fill      Wlif  11^^ 


Picture  Glass  and  Looking  Glass  Plates, 

OF  EVERY  SIZE,  FRENCH  AND  GERMAN,  .»   ff 

GILT  &  OTHER  MOULDINGS  OF  DIFFERENT  IVIDTHS, 
PAINTINGS  AND  FRAMES  OF  ALL  KINDS. 


The  above  Goods  are  all  mostly  imported  or  mannfactured  for 
cash,  and  will  be  sold  at  prices  greatly  advantageous  to  city  or  country 
close  buyers. 

16 


pece:  bsothehs, 


AND 


DEALERS  IN  SKIRT  MATERIALS, 


I 

Eh 


o 

& 


S 


td 

Si 


£3 


61  Chambers  Street, 

Near  Broadway,  New  York, 


SSTABIiXSBED  ZW  1854. 


Our  stock  embraces  the  greatest  variety,  and   largest 

assortment  in  the  City. 

17 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  17 

legislature  of  Massachusetts,  March  4,  1826.  Their 
capital  was  $100,000,  and  their  privilege  was  "  the 
conveyance  of  stone  and  other  property."  By  an  act 
passed  April,  1846,  they  were  authorized  to  trans- 
port passengers  between  Boston  and  Quincy,  but 
they  did  not  avail  themselves  of  this  liberty. 

In  June,  1828,  the  legislature  of  Rhode  Island 
authorized  Massachusetts,  or  any  company  within 
that  State,  to  extend  to  the  city  of  Providence,  any 
railroad  which,  during  the  next  six  years,  it  might 
build  to  the  contiguous  boundary. 

In  1829,  Massachusetts  incorporated  *'  the  Wor- 
cester Railroad,''^  (S.  B.  Thomas,  Wra.  E.  Green,  A. 
J.  Allen,  and  others,  capital  $50,000,)  but  the  terms 
not  being  complied  with  in  the  stipulated  time,  the 
charter  was  annulled. 

In  the  same  State,  the  same  year,  Francis  J.  Oli- 
ver, Wm.  Goddard,  Nath'l  Hammond,  "and  their 
associates,"  were  incorporated  as  the  Franhlin  Rail- 
road Company  ;  but  the  road  was  never  built. 

In  1830,  H.  G.  Otis,  Jos.  Cooledge,  Israel  Thorn- 
dike,  Wm.  Prescott,  F.  J.  Oliver,  and  Phineas  Upham, 
were  incorporated  as  the  ''''  Massachusetts  Railroad 
Corporation^''''  to  construct  a  railroad  from  Boston 
to  Albany  or  Troy.  Its  capital  was  not  to  exceed 
three  and  a  half  millions,  and  its  charter  was  to  be 
avoided  if  5,000  shares  of  the  stock  were  not  taken 
and  one-third  of  the  road  located  prior  to  1831. 
We  believe  that  the  contemplated  enterprise  was 
never  begun. 

The  ^^  Boston^  Providence^  and  Taunton  Railroad 

2 


IS  EXPRESSHISTORY. 

Company''  (F.  Tudor,  R.  D.  Tucker,  John  S.  Boies, 
T.  B.  Wales,  L.  Foster,  and  Wm.  Foster,)  were  in- 
corporated March  12th,  1830.  The  charter  was  to 
be  avoided  if  the  stock  should  not  have  been  sub- 
scribed for  by  January  1st,  1831,  or  the  road  com- 
pleted as  early  as  1835.  This,  we  believe,  failed 
to  go  into  effect. 

The  ^''Boston  and  Lowell  Railroad  Company^' 
was  chartered  in  the  winter  of  1830  :  original  capi- 
tal $500,000.  I'he  founders  were  John  F.  Loring, 
Lemuel  Pope,  Isaac  P.  Davis,  Kirk  Boott,  Patrick 
T.  Jackson,  G.  W.  Lyman,  and  D.  P.  Parker. 

In  1831,  Massachusetts  incorporated  the  West 
Stockbridge  Railroad  Company,  which  charter  was 
merged,  in  1840,  in  that  of  the  "  Hudson  and  Berk- 
shire Railroad  Company." 

In  June,  1831,  the  "  Boston  and  Providence  Rail- 
road Co."  was  chartered  by  the  Legislatures  of  Massa- 
chusetts and  Rhode  Island.  John  Bryant,  Jos.  W. 
Revere,  Geo.  Halle tt,  and  B.  R.  Nichols  were  the 
petitioners  in  Massachusetts,  and  Sam.  Whittemore, 
John  F.  Gray,  R.  P.  Bell,  and  Jos.  Goddard  in 
Rhode  Island. 

June,  1831,  Massachusetts  incorporated  the  Bos- 
ton and  Taunton  Railroad  Company ;  (Cyrus  Alger, 
Israel  Thorndike,  T.  H.  Perkins,  David  Sears,  Sol. 
Willard,  Nathan  Hale,  Wm.  Prescott,  Sam.  A.  Elliot, 
J.  K.  Mills,  A.  Atkinson,  Wm.  Rollins,  Sam.  Crock- 
er, Charles  Richmond,  and  Edmund  D wight.)  Cap- 
ital $1,000,000.  The  time  given  for  the  comple- 
t^oTi  was  extended  from  1836  to  18.^7. 


FPAL®. 


This  elegant  and  commodious  House  is  now  leased  to 

LOUIS     LECOMTE, 

whose  ability  as  a  Cook  and  Caterer  has  been  well  proved.  It  is  situate  in  the  beat 
and  most  convenient  part  of  the  City  of  Buffalo,  and  visitors  will  find  therein  every 
comfort  and  accommodation. 


1860 


1860. 


Cor.  Carroll  and  Washington  i^ls.,  Buffalo,  I^. 

Z.  BONNfJY,  Proprietor,  late  of  the  United  States  Hotel. 

18 


Y. 


T.  N.  HICKCOX,  Proprietor.  Eatablislied  1853. 


HICK  COX'S 

STENCIL  MARKING  PLATE 

AND 

380  PEARL  STREET, 

between  Bcelman  and  FuJfonSts.,  IKTo"^^^  'TtT^JC'^K-m 


FLOUR  BRANDS,  from  6  to  8  cents  per  letter;  every  description  of  Mark- 
ing Plates  cut  in  Silver.  Brass,  Copper.  German  Silver,  Prince's  Metal,  and  Oxide, 
from  g  in.  to  any  given  size;  Brass  Alphabets  and  Figures  in  sets;  liquid  and  dry  Sten- 
cil Ink,  all  colors.  Marking  Caiis,  a  superior  article,  of  our  own  manufacture. 
Btencil  Brushes.  Mauufacturer  of  Machinery  Alphabets  and  Figures.  The 
trade  supplied,  at  retail. 

DIE    SINKING. 

Steel  Letters,  Figures,  Alphabets.  Burning  Brands,  Envelope  Stamps,  Door  Plates. 
Brass  Checks  for  Hotels,  Restaurants,  and  Rail  Road  Companies,  &c. 

TO  STENCIL  NAME  PLATE  CANVASSERS.  ' 

We  manufacture  superior  Dies  for  cutting  name  plates  for  marking  Clothing  of  every 
description.  Indelible  Ink,  Brushes,  Frames,  Vials.  Corks,  Brush  Ferules,  German 
Silver,  Brass  Die-Sharpeners,  &c.,  &c. 

A  COMPLETE  SET  OP  DIES  put  up  in  a  nice  Box;  2  sets  of  Letters;  set 
of  Border  Tools,  bamraer.  shears,  lignum  vita3  block,  die  sharpener,  1  of  bras.s,  suffici- 
ent to  make  400  Plate.s— Prices,  with  box,  $25,  $30.  $35:  without  box,  $20,  $36,  $30. 
These  Dies  are  all  made  by  hand,  and  are  cheaper  and  far  superior  to  any  article  offer- 
ed at  less  price,  and  one  set  will  last  as  long  as  twenty  sets  of  the  machine-made  Die. 
Any  of  the  above  articles  sent  by  Express  to  any  part  of  the  United  States  or  Cana- 
das.  Three  Diplomas  and  Gold  Medal  awarded  by  American  Institute,  for  best  Mark- 
ing Plates. 

References  as  to  quality  of  our  work: 

Swift,  Hurlbut  &  Co.,  Wholesale  Hat  Manufacturers,  65  Broadway. 

R  R.  DouKEE  &  Co.,  Dealers  in  Bi-Carb.  Soda,  Saleratus,  &c.,  «&c.,  181  Pearl  Street 

H.  G.  Reeve  &  Co.,  Dealers  in  Groceries,  &c.,  229  Front  Street. 

19 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  19 

In  the  same  year,  in  June,  Wm.  Sturgis,  Amos 
Birnej,  Henry  Williams,  Geo.  Bond,  Jos.  T.  Buck- 
ingham, and  others  were  incorporated  as  the  Boston 
and  Ontario  Railroad  Company ;  the  road  to  begin 
at  Lowell,  and  extend  to  northwest  or  westerly  line 
of  the  State. 

The  present  Boston  and  Worcester  Railroad 
Company  was  projected  as  early  as  the  summer  of 
1830. 

In  the  Boston  Courier  of  January  12th,  1831, 
we  find  the  following  paragraph : 

Railroad  Meeting. — rA  meeting  of  the  friends 
of  a  railroad  was  held  at  the  old  Common  Council 
Room  last  evening.  Elijah  Morse  officiated  as 
Chairman,  and  Andrew  J.  Allen  as  Secretary.  A 
committee  consisting  of  Richard  Fletcher,  Henry 
Williams,  Eliphalet  Williams,  Geo.  Bond,  and  Amos 
Binney,  were  appointed  to  aid  the  Committee  of  the 
Common  Council  to  procure  an  act  empowering 
the  city  to  subscribe  a  million  of  dollars  for  railroad 
stock,  as  prayed  for  by  the  meeting  of  citizens  held 
last  summer  in  Faneuil  Hall^ 

This  resulted  successfully,  and  the  Company  was 
chartered  June  23d,  1831.  It  was  the  first  passen- 
ger railroad  actually  in  operation  in  New  England, 
and  Wm.  F.  Harnden  was  conductor  of  the  first 
train  ever  run.  It  was  in  the  spring  of  1834.  The 
"Boston  and  Lowell"  did  not  go  into  operation 
until  a  year  subsequently,  when  it  was  finished. 
The  opening  of  the  "  Boston  and  Worcester  "  was 
the  occasion  of  much  interest  and  enthusiasm  in  tho 
former  city. 


20  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

In  the  Boston  Daily  Advertiser^  of  April  9th, 
1834,  there  occurred  the  anaexed  notice  of  the 
commencement  of  passenger  travel  upon  it  as  far  as 
Newton ;  only  about  one  quarter  of  the  entire  dis- 
tance (which  is  44  miles)  being  then  completed. 

^''Boston  and  Worcester  Railroad. — The  Direc- 
tors yesterday  invited  about  a  hundred  and  fifty  gen- 
tlemen to  make  an  excursion  on  the  road  to  Newton. 
They  started  at  twenty  minutes  past  4  o'clock,  in 
eight  passenger  cars.  After  proceeding  a  short  dis- 
ance,  their  progress  was  interrupted  by  the  breaking 
of  a  connecting  rod,  between  two  of  the  cars.  This 
accident  caused  a  considerable  delay,  in  conse- 
quence of  the  want  of  the  proper  materials  for  re- 
pairing it,  and  unfortunately  the  same  accident  oc- 
curred three  or  four  times  during  the  excursion. 
In  consequence  of  these  delays,  and  a  short  stop  at 
Newton,  for  the  purpose  of  taking  refreshment,  the 
party  did  not  arrive  at  the  depot  on  their  return 
until  twenty  minutes  past  8  o'clock.  The  cars  were 
all  used  on  this  occasion  for  the  first  time,  after 
standing  several  months,  and  they  were  in  conse- 
quence in  bad  order  for  use.  *  *  *  The  mo- 
tion also  was  much  slower  than  it  would  have  been 
had  the  cars  been  in  travelling  condition.  The 
load  was  evidently  moved  by  the  engine  with  less 
ease,  than  double  the  weight  of  earth  on  the  work- 
ing cars  heretofore  used.  *  *  *  They  will,  in 
a  few  days,  commence  running  regularly  between 
Boston  and  Newton,  two  or  three  times  a  day.  A 
second  engine  was  successfully  tried  on  the  road 
yesterday  morning." 

The  passenger  cars  employed  were  scarcely 
larger   than   the   smaller   omnibuses   now   in  use. 


D.    0.    WILSON   &    CO., 


Ifflporters,  Manufaetorers  and  Dealers  in 


TiUlK  lATiilAl 


\M^<^ 


172  William  Street. 


Betvreen  Beekman  and  Spruce  8ta. 


?:  %.  xs^'tis^N-.}  syiw  'S'iaiEE* 


Trunk  Manufacturers  supplied  with  every  description  of  Goods 

suitable  for  the  manufacture  of  Trunks,  at  the  Lowest 

Cash  Prices. 


team  MarHe  SStflrks, 


Nos.  999  AND  1001  Broadway, 

14  and  16  37th  STREET, 
iiW  YOIE. 

FMti  Mdl  Seilptirei  Maiitte  Fleets, 

MONUMENTS  AND  HEAD  STONES, 

OF  roREIQN  AND  DOHESTIC  UARBLI, 

80 


H.  F.  WALLING'S 

MAP  ESTABLISHMENT, 

356,  358  AJVD  360  Pearl  Street, 

Franklin  Square,  WIM'W  '^©MIE- 


^11  Imh  of  f  oral  ex  General  Paps  ^rtpreJr  to  $xkL 

SURVETS  conducted  in  a  thoroughly  scientific  manner  for  State,  County,  or 
Town  Maps.  COMPILATIONS  made  from  any  existing  sources.  Accurate  and 
elaborate 


on  the  most  recent  scientific  and  approved  Projections,  drawn  by  skillful  Topo- 
graphical Draughtsmen. 

IMi^PS   A.ND   lDTtA.yVTNGS 

of  a  scientific  nature  engraved  in  the  best  style,  on  Copper,  Steel,  or  Stone.  Tho 
best  qualities  of  Paper,  in  all  varieties,  furnished  to  order. 

Including  Transferring  to  Stone,  executed  to  order.  COLORING,  in  every  variety, 
neatly  and  tastefully  done.  Maps  and  Drawings  bound  in  Covers,  or  backed  with 
Cloth,  mounted  with  Rollers,  or  on  Frames,  or  Strainers,  and  Varnished,  or  other- 
wise prepared  in  any  style  required. 


Mr.  Walling  being  a  thoroughly  Scientific  Topographer  of  many  years'  experience, 
and  having  devoted  several  years  to  bringing  together,  into  his  own  establishment, 
which  is  the  largest  of  the  kind  in  the  country,  all  the  Artists,  machinery,  and  ap- 
pliances necessary  to  carry  on  the  business  in  all  its  parts,  under  his  own  personal  in- 
■pection,  confideutly  guarantees  complete  satisfaction,  both  in  regard  to  the  supe- 
riority of  the  work  produced  and  economy  in  its  cost. 

^S*  Authorities  of  States  or  counties,  where  Surveys  or  Maps  are  contemplated, 
are  referred  to  the  prominent  Statesmen  and  Scientific  Men  of  Massachusetts,  Rhode 
Island  and  Vermont,  where  elaborate  Maps,  showing  the  location  of  every  road,  build- 
ing, &c.,  have  recently  been  constructed  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Walling. 

21 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  21 

The  conductor  passed  from  one  to  another  by  hang- 
ing on  to  the  outside. 

Nathan  Hale,  the  editor  of  the  Boston  Daily 
Advertiser^  was,  for  several  years.  President  of  this 
Railroad.  He  had  distinguished  himself  as  the 
friend  of  the  enterprise,  upon  its  inception,  and 
gave  the  Railroad  movement,  in  all  quarters,  not 
only  his  own  personal  co-operation,  as  far  as  was  in 
his  power,  but  devoted  a  large  space  in  his  influen- 
tial journal  to  its  advocacy  and  development. 
Eliphalet  Williams,  Amos  Binney,  and  P.  P.  F. 
Degrand,  (the  latter,  a  Frenchman,  who  had  passed 
the  most  of  his  life  in  Boston,)  were  also  very  ac- 
tive and  efficient  in  the  same  cause. 

At  this  time,  there  was  a  Boston  and  Albany 
line  of  stages  via  Fitchburg — through  in  two 
days:  Horace  Brown,  agent,  in  Boston.  He  was 
also  agent  of  a  line  to  Albany  via  Greenfield  ;  also 
of  lines  to  Bolton,  Lancaster,  Leominster,  Fitch- 
burg, Nashua,  and  Keene.  Job  Brooks  was  agent 
of  the  Norwich  stage,  and  also  of  the  Middle  Road 
Line  to  New  York,  via  Hartford  and  New  Haven, 
and  thence  by  steamboat ;  also  of  the  steamboat 
Peacock,  the  only  boat  on  the  line  from  Norwich 
and  New  London  to  New  York :  fare  from  Boston 
to  New  York,  $8. 

Allen  &  Co.  were  agents  (1834)  of  the  steam- 
boat Chancellor  Livingston,  Captain  Carter,  to  Port- 
land, from  Boston,  (fare  $3  and  found,)  and  on  the 
route  J.  B.  Smith  was  agent  of  the  steam-packet 
MacDonough. 


22  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

The  *' Boston,  Norwich,  and  New  London  R. 
R  Company,"  was  incorporated  by  Connecticut,  in 
1832.  The  same  State  chartered,  in  May,  1832, 
the  N.  Y.  and  Stonington  R.  E.  Company. 

The  "  New  York,  Providence,  and  Boston  Rail- 
road," chartered  by  Rhode  Island,  in  June,  1832, 
was  united,  by  act  of  Legislature,  with  the  "New 
York  and  Stonington  Railroad"  in  1833. 

[In  1832,  Massachusetts  chartered  what  was  in- 
tended to  be  the  "■  Hoosac  Rail  or  McAdamized 
Road  Company,"  and  the  same  year,  the  "  New 
York  and  Berkshire  Railroad."] 

In  1833,  the  same  Legislature  incorporated  Na- 
than Hale,  David  Henshaw,  Geo.  Bond,  Henry 
Williams,  Daniel  Denny,  Joshua  Clapp,  Eliphalet 
Williams  and  others,  as  the  "  Western  Railroad  Com- 
pany," to  build  and  use  a  Railroad  beginning  at  the 
terminus  of  the  Boston  and  Worcester  Railroad  in 
Worcester,  and  running  thence  to  the  Connecticut 
River,  thence  to  Springfield,  Massachusetts,  and  to 
Albany,  New  York.  This  was  an  enterprise  of  im- 
mense magnitude  for  a  few  individuals  to  undertake, 
and  it  received,  therefore,  assistance  from  the  State 
Treasury.  Fortunately  for  Massachusetts  and  Con- 
necticut, it  was  seasonably  completed,  and  has  been 
the  means  of  uniting  the  Eastern  States  in  an  indis- 
soluble social  and  business  union,  productive  of 
great  good  to  both  sections,  but  especially  to  the 
city  of  Boston,  where  the  enterprise  originated. 

In  1833,  Massachusetts  chartered  the  "  Andover 


A,    HAMPTON, 

MANUFACTURER   AND    DEALER    IN     , 

EVERY   VARIETY    OF 

PLAIN,  ENADIELLED,  CipiiHAN  SILVER,  PARLOR  &  CHAMBER 


illfl 


1 


No.    60    GOLD    STREET, 

Between  Fulton  and  Beekman  Sts.,  S5ISW  "iTSSISo 


Having  added  a  nnm- 
ber  of  new  and  very  ele- 
gant patterns  of 


to  my  already  large  as- 
eortmcnt,  and  being  con- 
stantly manufacturing 
all  styles  «f 


GERMAH  SILVEB 


Soil  Coal  Grales 


Purchasers  are  invited 
to  call  and  examine  my 
assortment  before  mak- 
ing their  selections  else- 
where. 


22 


JOHN  P.  GRUBER, 

170  [in  the  rear]   AJVD   184   ChATHAM   SqUARE, 


AND 


No.  2  Mott  Street,  New  York, 

MANUFACTIJRER    OF   ALL.   KINDS    OF 

tab,  ®eig|te,  l^rasttm, 

CONSISTING  OF  THE  FOLLOWING  : 
Assaying,  Bank, -Brokers',  Jewelers^  and  Gold  Scales,  from  63  cts.  to  $800. 
Druggist  and  Prescription  Scales,  with  marble,  brass  and  iron  columns, 
from  $1.2=>  to  $65  00.     Counter  and  Excelsior  Scales,  from  $1.50  to 
,      $10  00.     Gold  Weights— from  |  dwt.  to  20,000  dwt.,  capable  of 
weighing  from  a  $1.00  to  $18,000 — in  fine  Rosewood  and  Ma- 
hogany cases.     Troy  Weights  in  patent  round  stands,  and 
boxes,  from  |  to  80  dwt.  and  ^  to  2,000  dwt.  fr.,  75  cts.  to 
$14.00  per  set.     Druggists'  Weights  which   will   weigh 
from  the  eighth  part  of  an  ounce  to  8  lbs.,  from  63  cts. 

to  $10.00  per  set.     Brass,  Iron,  and  Zinc  Weights 

for  Sealess,  from  \  ounce  to  50  lbs.,  from  3t  cents  to 

60  cents  per  lb.     Iron  Weights,  from  4  cents  to  10  cents 

per  lb.     Zinc  Weights,  from  10  to  18  cents  per  lb.,  adjusted 

to  any  standard.     Also,  Yard  Sticks  of  Brass  in  Mahogany 

Cases,  from   $3.00  to  $9.00.     Patent  Pull  Beer  Pumps  of  all 

kinds,  warranted  for  three  years,  from  $10.00  to  $250.00.     Patent 

Water  Pumps  for  Ships.     Air  and  Forcing  Air  Pumps.     New  Patent 

Lager  Beer  Faucets,  to  be  used  without  opening  the  top  of  the  barrel, 

from  $1.25  to  $7.00. 

SAfJill  MACHINERY  OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION, 
AND  BRASS  PINISHING : 

ALSO, 
23 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  23 

and  Wilmington  Railroad,"  which  was  subsequently 
merged  in  the  Maine  Railroad. 

The  "Boston  and  Providence  Railroad  and 
Transportation  Company,"  was  chartered  by  Rhode 
Island  in  1834  The  "  Fall  River  Mill  Road,  Rail- 
road and  Ferry  Company,"  was  chartered  in   1835. 

In  May,  1833,  James  Brewster,  John  Babcock, 
John  S.  Mitchell,  and  others  were  incorporated  by 
Connecticut,  as  the  "Hartford  and  New  Haven 
Railroad  Company." 

In  the  spring  of  1834,  as  before  mentioned,  the 
Boston  and  Worcester  Railroad  was  in  partial 
operation ;  and  in  the  summer  or  fall  of  the  same 
year,  the  Boston  and  Providence  Railroad  ran  its 
passenger  trains  daily  to  Dedham,  Massachusetts. 

The  Boston  and  Lowell  Railroad  was  constructed 
at  greater  cost,  and  so  thoroughly,  that,  though  th^ 
work  was  pushed  with  vigor  by  William  Sturgis, 
Patrick  T.  Jackson,  and  their  associates,  it  was  not 
completed  until  May,  1835.  The  foundation  of  this 
railway  consisted  of  blocks  of  granite  embedded  in 
"rubble,"  the  entire  distance,  26  miles.  The  rails 
were  secured  to  these  stone  ties,  thus  making  a 
very  firm  and  substantial  road. 

In  the  Lowell  Courier  of  May  27th,  1835,  we 
find  the  foUowmg  notice  of  its  first  operation : 

"Lowell  Railroad. — The  first  locomotive  car 
was  put  on  to  this  road  yesterday ;  this  afternoon 
steam  power  has  been  applied,  and  the  move- 
ment of  the  machine  tried  on  short  distances.  The 
Railroad  is  completed  through  the  whole  distance. 


24  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

and  read  J  for  immediate  use.  To-morrow,  it  is  ex- 
pected, the  engine  with  one  or  two  of  the  cars  will 
go  to  Boston  and  return,  carrying  a  few  persons,  to 
test  the  operation.  Afterwards,  a  few  trips  may  be 
made  during  the  week,  but  no  regular  times  are 
yet  announced  for  departure  or  return  passage. 
Next  week,  probably,  the  cars  will  travel  regularly 
between  this  town  and  Boston,  and  become  a  pait 
of  the  stage  line  connecting  the  city  with  Concord, 
N.  H.  In  connection  with  the  Railroad,  should  be 
mentioned  the  steamboat  on  Merrimac  River.  Three 
years  ago,  the  project  of  constructing  such  a  boat 
to  ply  on  the  river  above  us,  was  pronounced  a  wild 
scheme ;  and  it  was  generall}^  believed  that  our  en- 
terprising townsmen  who  engaged  in  it  would  meet 
with  heavy  loss.  Last  summer  the  steamboat  Her- 
ald ran  from  this  place  to  Nashua  through  the  sea- 
son. *  *  *  During  the  past  year  she  has  been 
cut  in  two  and  converted  into  a  large  boat.  The 
proprietors  intend  that  she  shall  commence  running 
the  same  day  with  the  Railroad." 

The  stone  foundation  of  this  Railway  was  not 
found  to  be  advantageous,  after  a  thorough  trial. 
There  was  no  "give"  to  it,  consequently  the  wear 
and  tear  of  the  rolling  stock  were  much  greater  than 
upon  other  railroads.  The  rails  were  taken  up  a 
few  years  ago,  and  laid  upon  the  common  wooden 
cross-ties. 

The  business  of  this  Company  became  lucrative 
almost  immediately,  arising  chiefly,  however,  from 
the  transportation  of  immense  quantities  of  cotton, 
wool,  and  other  materials  from  Boston  to  the  mills, 
and  the  manufactured  goods  to  the  city  in  return. 


RIDLEir    &    CO. 


IDLEY  2c  GO.  STEAM  REFINED  CANDY&  SUGARPLUMS 

Co  rtxer  of   GHAMEfEiR  S  dncl  HUDiSON'^'SaeBEETS ,  KEWrYQ  R  K . 


bert  A.  Ridley. 
ax.  A.  Haugrhton, 
m.  Kennedy, 
m.  A.  Frits, 
m.  Force. 


Caxdy,  SuciAR  Plums.  Lozrsgrs,  btc,  ktc,  in  all  their  varieties,  made  exclusively  from  trebU 
refined  I^af  Sujar  without  adulteration  or  admixture  of  deleterious  substances  of  any  kind. 
Those  wishing  to  purchase  a  pure  article  are  requested  to  call  and  examine  our  stock,  and  con- 
trast them  with  those  offered  elsewhere.  Boxes  of  Assorted  Candies,  for  families,  put  up  to  or- 
der, at  prices  ranging  from  $5  upwards.  Candies,  etc.,  packed  in  boxes  of  25,  50, 100  lbs.,  suitable 
for  the  Southern  trade,  and  shipped  to  order.    Orders  by  luail  promptly  executed.    Ternui  cash. 

24 


JACOB  B.  SCHBNCR, 


E 


1^1 


^ 


No.  96  MAIDEN  LANE,  NEW  YORE, 


DEALER   IN 


ITl  AM  limil  ^  iSILll 


» 


Wood  worth  Planing  Machines;  Sash  and  Blind  Machinery;  Engine  Lathes 
of  every  style  and  size;  Iron  Planing  Machines,  from  3  feet  to  20  feet 
long;  Heavy  Column  Drilling  Machines;  Alden's,  Masons',  and 
other  styles  of  Blowers;  Circular  Saw  Mills;  Moulding  Ma- 
chines with  Side  Cutters;  Duplicates  for  Woodworth 
Planing  Machines;  Slotting  Machines;  Portable 
Steam  Engines;  Sugar  Mills;  Bolts,  Nuts  and 
Washers;   Dudgeon's  Hydraulic  Jacks; 

AM®  muEU  m^^nrnmi. 

Universal  Chucks,  of  all  sizes;  Harris's  Smut  and  Scouring   Machines; 

Lace  Leather  of  the  best  quality;  Leather  Belting,  riveted  and 

cemented,  or  stitched;  and  all  kinds  of 

Machinery  for  Working  Wood  or  Iron. 

ORDERS  RESPECTFULLr  SOLICITED. 

Address  as  above. 

25 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  25 

The  "  Boston  and  Old  Colony  Railroad ''  was 
chartered  in  1835.  In  1836,  George  Peabody, 
Wm.  H.  Foster,  L.  Thorndike,  and  others,  were  in- 
corporated as  the  "Eastern  Railroad  Company." 

The  same  year,  the  Boston  and  Maine  Railroad 
was  opened  to  Andover,  Massachusetts,  23    miles. 

The  "Nashua  and  Lowell  Railroad  Company" 
was  chartered  in  1836;  and  the  "Nashua  (New 
Hampshire)  and  Worcester  (Massachusetts)  Rail- 
road," in  1839. 

In  the  latter  year,  the  Eastern  Railroad  was 
opened  for  passenger  travel  from  Boston  to  Salem, 
Massachusetts,  16  miles.  A.  Chase  was  Superin- 
tendent at  that  time.  In  1840,  it  was  opened  to 
Portsmouth,  New  Hampshire,  56  miles;  and  to 
Portland,  Maine,  107  miles,  in  1841. 

The  Boston  and  Fitchburg  Railroad  was  char- 
tered by  Massachusetts  in  1842.  This  Company, 
when  it  went  into  operation,  obtained  a  very  large 
and  profitable  business,  and  its  stock  rapidly  ad- 
vanced above  par.  Its  prosperity  was  unprece- 
dented; but  prodigal  management,  after  a  few 
years  of  good  luck,  caused  its  business  to  fall  off 
and  its  stock  to  decline  to  half  its  par  value.  Nor 
has  the  management  of  this  Railroad  improved  by 
bitter  experience  ;  yet,  under  a  careful  and  sensible 
direction,  it  could  be  made  one  of  the  best  paying 
stocks  in  the  United  States.  C.  C.  Felton  was  its 
engineer,  and  its  earliest  superintendent. 

The  "  Providence  and  Worcester  Railroad  Com- 
pany" was  incorporated  in   1844,  and   the   "Fall 


28  EXPBESS     HISTORY. 

River  Railroad  Company  "  in  the  same  year ;  also, 
the  "  Vermont  and  Massachusetts  Railroad  Com- 
pany." 

The  "New  York  and  Boston  Railroad  Com- 
pany "  was  chartered  by  Connecticut  in  1846.  In 
the  same  year,  Rufus  B.  Kinsley,  and  others,  were 
incorporated  as  the  "Newport  and  Fall  River  Rail- 
road Company." 

Notwithstanding  the  projection  of  the  three 
railroads,  above  named,  in  1830,  and  their  steady 
progress  towards  completion  during  the  subsequent 
five  years,  the  old  lines  of  transportation  were  con- 
tinued with  unabated  energy  by  their  very  efficient 
and  liberal  proprietors,  as  we  well  remember,  and 
as  any  one  may  satisfy  himself  was  the  case,  by 
turning  to  the  newspapers  of  that  eventful  period. 

In  the  Boston  Daily  Evening  Transcript^  (Vol. 
I.,)  we  find  an  advertisement  of  the  ^^  New  York 
and  Boston  Steam  Packet  Line.  To  New  York. 
Only  40  miles  Land  Carriage!''''  Then  follow 
vignettes  of  a  steamboat  and  a  handsome  four-horse 
stage-coach,  full  of  passengers,  and  two  or  three  in 
a  seat  behind.  "  From  Providence  for  New  York 
daily,  (Sundays  excepted ;)  touching  at  Newport. 
Fare  Five  Dollars!  "  So  it  appears  that  the  fares 
were  as  reasonable  then,  as  now.  By  this  line's 
"  Arrangement  for  September,  1830,  the  Benjamin 
Franklin,  Captain  E.  S.  Bunker,  leaves  Providence, 
Sept.  1,  6,  10,  16,  21,  25,  29,  at  12  M. ;  and  New 
York,  Sept.  3,  8,  14,  18,  23,  27,  at  4  P.  M.  The 
Chancellor  Livingston,  Captain  C.  Coggeshall,  leaves 


HEDGES  &  MOESE, 


m)Mtmmt, 

AND  DEALERS  IN  EVERY  DESCRIPTION  OF 

PAPER  MAIFACTURERS'  MATERIALS. 

208  FULTON  STREET, 

Near  Greenwich  Street, 


[5,  ®iuinc,  ftlts,  toire   Ollotl),  $fC-,  $?c-, 

FOOLSCAP,  LETTER,  NOTE, 

ALL  GRADES  MD  SIZES  OF  PRINT  AND  TEA  PAPER, 

Also  a  full  and  complete  assortment  of 

PjllAf  LEAF,  STRAIV,  RAG  AND  MANILLA  PAPER, 

OF  EVERY  SIZE  AND  QUALITY, 

Constantly  on  hand  in  large  quantities,  and  for  sale  in  lots  to  suit  pur- 
chasers. 

Paper  of  every  description  Made  to  Order 

AT  SHORT  NOTICE. 

Orders  from  any  part  of  the  country,  by  letter  or  otherwise,  will  be 
promptly  filled  for  the  lowest  market  price. 


Land  Warrant  and  Collection  Office. 

GEOKGE  WOODMAN, 

]¥o.  49  TflLIilAIH  STREET,  PITEW  ITORK, 

DEALEH  IN 

The  highest  prices  will  be  paid  for  Land  Warrants,  and  correspondents  can  rely 
upon  receiving  prompt  remittances. 

Warrants  will  be  sold  at  the  lowest  market  rates,  and  will  be  fully  guaranteed. 

Collections  made  in  all  parts  of  the  United  States  with  dispatch. 

Mr.  W.  will  also  attend  to  the  payment  of  Taxes  upon,  and  to  the  sale  of,  Western 
Lands. 

REFERENCES : 

AMERICAN  EXCHANGE  BANK '. New  York. 

SCHUCHARDT&  GEBHARD do. 

A.  L.  STIMSON do, 

GALENA  INSURANCE  CO .Galena,  niinoiB. 

IOWA  COUNTY  BANK Mineral  Point,  Wi«. 

HON.  C.  C.  WASHBURN La  Crosie,  Wisconsin. 


W.  JACKSON  &  SON, 


J  88 


snfiw 


JtMoMttfmcturert  •f 


Grates  &  Fenders 

246  FRONT  STREET, 

NEAK  PECK  SLIP, 
AND 

930  BROADWAY, 

Between  21st  and  22d  Streets, 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  27 

Providence,  Sept.  2,  7,  11,  15,  19,  24,  30,  at  12  M.; 
the  President,  Captain  R.  S.  Bunker,  leaves  Provi- 
dence, Sept.  3,  8,  14,  18,  23,  27,  at  12  M. ;  and 
New  York,  Sept.  1,  6,  10,  16,  21,  25,  29,  at  4 
P.  M. ;  the  Washington,  Captain  Comstock,  leaves 
Providence,  Sept.  4,  9,  13,  17,  22,  28,  at  12  M; 
and  New  York,  Sept.  2,  7,  11,  15,  20,  24,  30,  at  4 
P.  M.  Stages  leave  Boston  daily,  (Sundays  except- 
ed,) at  5  A.  M.,  and  reach  the  Packets  before  their 
hour  of  starting.  Dinner  on  hoard ;  Meals  extra. 
Dinner^  50  cents  j  Breakfast  and  Tea^  38  cents." 

In  October  following,  the  fare  was  increased  to 
$6, — and  the  land  carriage  was  stated  to  be  43 
miles. 

In  the  same  journal,  under  date  of  October  29, 
1830,  we  find  C.  B.  Wilder's  advertisement  of  aline 
to  New  York,  via  Hartford  and  New  Haven,  stages 
leaving  Boston  every  Monday,  Wednesday,  and 
Friday,  at  7  A.  M.  ''Sup  and  lodge  at  Ashford, 
and  arrive  at  Hartford  at  10  A.  M.,  next  morning, 
before  the  departure  of  the  steamboats  for  New 
York,  and  in  New  Haven  same  afternoon,  at  5 
o'clock.  Fare  reduced  to  $6.  Inquire  for  the 
Middle  Road  line  of  Stages." 

Another  was  advertised,  by  the  same  Agent,  as 
the  "  Stage  and  Steam-Pachet  Line^  via  Norwich  and 
New  London.  Only  80  ^les  Land-  Carriage^  The 
proprietors  of  the  Boston  and  Norwich  Line  of 
Stages,  via  Thompson,  it  appears,  had  made  an  "  ar- 
rangement with  Captain  Davison,  of  the  Steamboat 
Fanny,  to  run  during  the  cold  season,"  rendering 


28  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

"  the  trip  to  New  York  about  as  quick  as  by  the 
way  of  Providence."  "  Stages  leave  Boston  every 
Tuesday,  at  half-past  11  o'clock,  and  Wednesday 
and  Saturday,  at  half-past  2  A.  M ;  "  and  passengers 
took  the  boat  at  Norwich,  at  4  P.  M.  The  trip 
from  New  York  took  from  3  P.  M.  until  the  evening 
^f  the  next  day.  Fare  *'only  six  dollars;"  from 
Norwich  to  New  York,  $2. 

In  1834,  (April,)  the  steamer  Boston,  Captain 
Wm.  Comstock,  and  steamer  Providence,  Captain 
Seth  Thayer,  were  advertised  as  having  been  put 
in  complete  order,  with  low  pressure  engines  and 
heavy  copper  boilers,  to  run  between  Providence 
and  New  York,  13  times  each  way  during  the 
month.  The  Benjamin  Franklin,  Captain  Coleman, 
an  opposition  boat,  left  Providence  three  times  a 
week  for  New  York. 

In  the  Boston  Transcript  of  May  21,  1835,  was 
the  annexed  notice : — 

'*  New  Steamboat. — A  letter,  dated  New  York, 
on  Tuesday  afternoon,  says,  *  Captain  Comstock's 
new  boat,  the  Lexington,  starts  on  her  first  trip  to 
Providence,  on  Friday  morning  next,  (May  22, 
1835,)  at  4  o'clock.  She  is  intended  to  run  as  a 
DAY  BOAT,  and  will  carry  passengers  to  Boston  the 
same  day  she  leaves  New  York.  He  thinks  she  will 
run  20  miles  an  hour.'  " 

The  melancholy  fate  of  the  Lexington  is  still 
vividly  impressed  upon  the  memory  of  thousands. 
The  steam-packet  Bangor,  Captain  S.  H.  Howes, 


LINN  &  DECKER, 


Importers  of  and  Wholesale  Dealers  in 


Bj^MBIES^ 


o-iisrs. 


& 


BOURBON,  MONONQAHELA,  SCOTCH  &  IRISH 


WSmwm 


TS, 


OZIDES 


-A.I^I> 


POffT,  MADEIRA,  SHERRY,  AND  OTHER  IVINES, 


mm.,  (^(D< 


No.  22  LIBERTY  STREET, 


Between  Nassaa  and  William, 


KDWARD 
JIMIS 


)    N.    LINN,   ) 
A.    DICKER.  ) 


J;  &  J.  C.  COMOY, 

No.  65  FULTON  STREET, 


MANUFACTURERS,  IMPORTERS  AND  WHOLESALE  DEALERS  IN 


AND 


The  Trade  Supplied  on  Liberal  Terms. 

THE  GOLD  AND  NINE  SILVER  MEDALS 

r^-.  WERE    AWARDEO    TO 

"      J.  &  J.  C.  CONKOY 


FOB  THE 


BEST  MilFACTURED  PISHING  RODS  MD  TICEB 


OF  ALL  KINDS. 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  29 

(I.  W.  Goodrich,  and  U.  W.  Green,  agents,)  was 
running  to  Portland. 

There  were  still  in  use  two  lines  of  stages  from 
Boston  to  Albany,  one  to  Worcester,  and  another  to 
Providence.  Stages  continued  to  run  from  Boston 
to  Amherst,  Brattleboro',  Bridgewater,  Fitchburg, 
Gloucester,  Greenfield,  Keene,  Lowell,  New  Bed- 
ford, Marblehead,  Newport,  Newburyport,  Port- 
land, Me.,  Portsmouth,  Salem,  Woonsocket,  and 
many  other  places. 

There  were  baggage-wagons  for  the  transporta- 
tion of  packages  and  merchandise,  and  the  execu- 
tion of  commissions,  between  the  same  city  and 
Beverly,  Fall  River,  Greenfield,  Ilubbardstown, 
Lynn,  Methuen,  New  Bedford,  Providence,  Salem, 
South  Reading,  Taunton,  Bristol,  and  Wareham. 
All  these  were  very  serviceable. 

Upon  the  introduction  of  railroads,  a  very  audi- 
ble murmur  arose  from  a  numerous  body  of  per- 
sons, composed  mainly  of  those  interested  in  the 
staging  and  stage-tavern  business,  but  including  in 
its  ranks  very  many  old-fashioned  people,  who 
shook  their  heads  ominously  at  the  innovation,  and 
said  it  would  produce  more  harm  than  good. 
Some  did  not  hesitate  to  denounce  it  as  an  inven- 
tion of  the  devil ;  others  wanted  to  know,  "  What 
was  to  become  of  horse-flesh?"  and  asserted  that 
the  new  mode  of  travelling  would  so  depreciate 
the  value  of  horses  and  mules,  that  it  would  not 
pay  to  raise  them.  The  commentary  upon  this  is, 
that  horses  have  doubled  in  value  since  that  period ; 


3®-*  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

and  though  many  thriving  taverns  and  villages  suf- 
fered materially  when  the  mail-stage  lines  were 
withdrawn,  many  more  new  towns  were  built  up, 
and  the  larger  cities  became  greatly  increased  in 
business  and  population.  Take  away  the  railroads 
now,  and  what  should  we  do  ? 

The  public  sympathy  for  the  stage-drivers  was 
universal  and  hearty.  Many  of  them  had  served  in 
that  capacity  from  youth  to  advanced  age.  Some 
had  driven  the  stage  twenty,  thirty,  yes,  forty 
years,  upon  the  same  route,  and  had  become,  as  it 
were,  "  established  institutions."  The  stage-driver 
of  the  olden  time  was  a  very  different  sort  of  a  per- 
son from  those  who  mount  the  box  in  these  degen- 
erate days.  He  had  troops  of  friends,  and  was  a 
prodigious  favorite  everywhere.  As  a  matter  of 
policy,  if  not  of  simple  justice,  the  new  companies 
made  it  a  point  to  give  employment  to,  or  in  some 
other  way  favor,  the  drivers  and  agents,  whose  lines 
their  railway  trains  had  supplanted.  Many  were 
made  railroad-conductors,  depot-masters,  and  freight- 
agents;  others  were  given  the  "freedom  of  the 
road,"  and  allowed  to  travel  without  charge — a 
privilege  which  they  turned  to  good  account. 
While  the  principal  railways  in  Massachusetts  were 
yet  in  process  of  construction,  and  passenger-trains 
were  run  over  only  a  portion  of  the  contemplated 
route,  the  stage  lines  were  not  entirely  relinquished, 
but  would  connect  with  the  different  temporary  ter- 
mini of  the  railroads,  and  piece  out  the  travel  to 
the  intended  end.     Most  of  the  drivers  doing  this 


JAMES  BOGARDUS,  C.  E., 

ARCHITECT    IN    IRON, 

ORIGINATOR,  CONSTRUCTOR,  AND  PATENTEE 


OF 


Office,  No.  207  Canal  St.,  New  York. 


This  Efitafelishment  offers  unrivalled  facilities  to  persons  desirous  of  constructing 

"IRON  riRE-PROOP  BUILDINGS," 

OP    ALL    DESCRIPTIONS, 

Iron  Fronts,  for  Stores,  Dwelling-Houses,  and  all  Iron  Work 
required  in  construction  of  the  Interior* 

Having  been  the  first  to  enter  the  new  field,  which,  indeed,  he  opened,  Mr.  Bogardus 
has  already  established  firm  and  favorable  business  relations  in  all  parts  of  the  coun- 
try; and  his  arrangements  being  completed  in  a  manner  which  long  experience  has 
proved  to  be  most  for  the  interest  of  both  contracting  parties,  a  uniform  success  in 
all  past  contracts  guarantees  the  same  for  the  future. 

Plans,  Specifications  and  Estimates   furnished,  and   Contracts 
taken,  for  every  description  of  Public  and  Private  Build- 
ings, Bridges,  etc.,  etc.,  in  all  parts  of  the  country. 
All  parties  Interested  in  the  above  are  respectfully  invited  to  call  at  his  office, 
to  examine  the  extensive  collection  of  plans  of  Buildings  already  erected,  or  now 
being  constructed.     Especial  attention  is  invited  to  the  superior  manner  in  which  Mr. 
Bogardus  constructs  his  iron  buildings,  according  to  bis  patent,  to  evade  which,  other 
parties  are  putting  up  buildings  in  an  inefficient  and  dangerous  manner,  and  pro- 
ducing unsafe  structures.    All  parties  are  warned  against  infringers,  who  will  be  duly 
prosecuted  according  to  law. 


Bogardus'  Patent  Universal  Eccentric  Iflill, 

For  Grinding  all  kinds  of  Wet  and  Dry  Substances. 

Omec,  207  Canal  St.;  }lill  Boom  in  Harlem  R.  B.  Depot,  cor.  Elm  and  Wbite  Sts. 

30 


imf't  MUD  [LiaF 


MANUFACTURED  BY 

No.  4  Thompson  Street, 

One  door  from  Canal  St.,  adjoining  People's  Rank,  TV  E  W  YORK. 


Preminms  Awarded,  1849, 1850, 1851,  1852  and  1853. 


WARRANTED    TO    BURNISH. 

EOBEET  FOULDS,  Je., 

Importer  and  dealer  in 

FIRE    WORKS, 

TOYS, 

^     CHINA  AND  FANCY  GOODS, 

FISHIN^a  TACKLE,  &C.,  &C., 
No.  37  John  Street, 

Near  Nassau  Street,  SSHW  '^(SlMSa 


Depot  for  J.  W.  Hadfield's  First  Premium 

3F'X3F1.ES    XTCr  O  3E1.  3EiL  £1 


31 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  31 

kind  of  business,  were  partly  compensated  for  their 
constantly  diminishing  fares,  by  being  allowed  a 
pass  upon  the  encroaching  railroad.  For  instance, 
when  the  Eastern  Railroad  was  in  operation  only 
as  far  as  Salem,  Mass.,  the  stage-driver,  bringing 
passengers  from  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  was  allowed  a 
pass  in  the  next  train  to  Boston;  also,  to  return 
free.  This  enabled  him  to  continue  his  old  errand 
business  between  the  metropolis  and  the  principal 
places  on  his  route. 

Upon  the  *' Boston  and  Worcester,"  and  the 
**  Boston  and  Providence"  Railroads,  as  they  ap- 
proached completion,  this  sort  of  service  assumed 
a  different  character.  The  stage-drivers  ceased  to 
pass  in  the  cars,  and  a  portion  of  their  parcel  and 
errand  business  became  the  perquisites  of  the  con- 
ductors. The  clerks  of  the  different  lines  of  steam- 
boats plying  between  New  York  and  Stonington, 
Providence,  New  London,  and  Norwich,  were  in 
the  custom  also  of  receiving  parcels  and  orders, 
which,  without  any  record  or  method  of  any  kind, 
they  passed  over  to  the  local  Agents  of  the  steam- 
ers to  "  put  through"  when  convenient. 

Three  times  as  many  parcels,  however,  went  by 
private  hands,  without  cost.  Merchants  and  others, 
now  living,  who  used  to  travel  in  those  days  between 
New  York  and  Boston,  will  remember  how  they 
used  to  be  burdened  by  their  friends  and  acquaint- 
ances with  money  packages  and  bundles  to  deliver 
upon  their  arrival.  If  a  person  was  going  to  New 
York,  it  was  usually  known  a  week  or  two  before- 


32  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

hand,  and  his  friends  and  acquaintances  would  not 
only  send  their  own  bundles  by  him,  but  indicate 
him  to  others  as  a  man  who  would  accommodate  them 
also.  To  such  extremes  was  this  practice  carried, 
that  strangers,  even,  used  to  be  expected  to  afford  the 
like  favor,  and  had  they  declined,  it  would  have 
been  thought  as  churlish  as  for  the  passenger  near- 
est the  driver,  in  an  omnibus,  to  refuse  to  pass  anoth- 
er's fare. 

There  must  have  been  more  honesty,  and  more 
mutual  confidence  among  men,  in  that  age,  than  now 
prevail.  We  have  known  men  who  were  in  the  cus- 
tom of  sending  parcels  of  bank  notes,  drafts,  accept- 
ances and  bills  of  exchange,  between  New  York  and 
Boston — brokers,  for  instance — to  put  them  in  the 
charge  of  passengers  in  the  cars,  or  on  board  the 
steamboat,  whom  they  "  did  not  know  from  a  side 
of  sole  leather."  The  broker  would  rush  down, 
with  his  money  parcel,  to  the  *'  John  W.  Richmond," 
or  the  *'  Norwich,"  just  as  the  last  bell  was  ringing, 
hoping  to  see  a  friend  bound  for  Boston.  Present- 
ly he  would  espy  an  acquaintance,  and  inquire  if  he 
was  going  through.  If  he  replied  in  the  negative, 
he  would  get  him  to  introduce  him  to  some  one  that 
was,  and  to  Mm  he  would  intrust  his  valuable  bun- 
dle. It  is  no  exaggeration  to  say,  that  hundreds  of 
thousands  of  dollars,  in  bank-notes  and  other  valua- 
ble paper,  used  to  make  the  transit  between  these 
two  cities,  every  year,  in  that  unreliable  manner. 

James  W.  Hale,  who  came  on  from  Boston,  in 
the  spring  of  1836,  and  was  employed  by  Robert  E. 


STOUT    ^    HECEMAN'S 

565  &  567  BROADWAY, 

Cermr  of  Prince  Street,  MMW  ■S"®!^:^. 


^SBWk  ^'^^^         A«i>.-^ 


COATS  OF  ABMS,  CRESTS  km  LETTERS, 

Beautifully  Engraved  on  Stone,  Gold,  Silver  or  Brass. 

NOTARIAL,  CONSULAR,  SOCIETY  and  other  SEALS, 

AT    REASONABLE    PRICES. 

SEAL  PRESSES  COSiSTAlVTlY  ON  HAND. 

WEDDING,  VISITING,  INVITATION  AND  DIISINBSS  CARDS, 

Engraved  and  Printed  on  a  Superior  Quality  of  Cards,  either 

fHfecLdLn.Q.  and  J^udineAA  ^niwla/ied. 
SILVER    PLATED    DOOR    PLATES, 

The  Plate  of  which  is  warranted  of  unusual  thiekaess. 

The  finest  quality  of  imported  Note  Paper  constantly  on  hand. 

Crests,  Initials,  &c.,  Stamped  on  Cards  and  Paper. 

WM.  C.  STOUT.  GEO.  HEGEMAX. 

32 


mm>^  mm  ®mm\Lm. 

J.    C.    HULL'S    SONS, 

FORMERLY 

W.    HULL    &    SON, 
108,  110,  112,  114, 116, 118  CLIFF  STRE5ET, 

AND 

9,  11,  and  13  HAGUE  STREET, 

Jfamilg  Soaps,  f  ak  Soap, 

OVER  ONE  HUNDRED  STYLES  OP 

CONSISTING  OP 

VARIEGATED, 

ALMOND, 

ROSE, 

PALM, 

WHITE,  Ac,  Ac,  Ac. 

PiESSlD,  TillOW  IIQ  ADlllHTIHE  SAHfiLESi 

STARCH  IN  EVERY  STYLE. 

SOLE    MANUFACTURERS    OF  / 

"THE  IMPERIAL  LUBSICATING  OIL," 

For  Rail  Roads,  Steamboats,  Mills,  &c. 
33 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  33 

Hudson,  at  Hudson's  News  Room,  in  the  old  Ton- 
tine Building,  at  the  corner  of  Wall  and  Water 
streets,  subsequently  became  proprietoi:  of  that  es- 
tablishment, and  styled  it  the  "  Tontine  Reading 
Room."  He  was,  also,  agent  of  the  steamer  John 
W.  Richmond,  (the  Providence  boat,)  and  was  in  the 
habit  of  going  down  to  her,  every  day  of  her  leav- 
ing, to  transmit  newspapers,  and  a  transcript  of  the 
latest  intelligence,  from  his  bulletin  board,  to  the 
Boston  editors.  As  the  principal  brokers  were  aware 
of  this  fact,  and  knew  that  he  was  acquainted  with 
many  Boston  passengers,  scarcely  a  day  passed  that 
they  did  not  put  packets  of  bank  notes,  &c.,  into  his 
hands,  with  a  request  that  he  would  intrust  them 
"  to  somebody  luho  was  going  on^^^  for  delivery  as  ad- 
dressed. 

Everybody  knew  *'Jim  Hale;"  William  F. 
Harnden  among  the  rest ;  and  when  the  latter,  worn 
out  by  working  sixteen  hours  per  day  in  the  close 
confinement  of  the  B.  and  Worcester  Railroad  ticket 
office,  either  relinquished  his  situation  or  obtained  a 
short  furlough,  and  visited  New  York,  the  Tontine 
Reading  Room  was  his  favorite  place  of  call.  This 
was  either  in  the  latter  part  of  1838,  or  in  the  be- 
ginning of  1839. 

Harnden  told  Hale,  one  day,  that  the  confined 
employment  at  which  he  had  been  engaged  for  the 
past  three  years  had  injured  his  health,  and  he  was 
determined  to  seek  some  more  active  business :  but 
what  was  there  for  him  to  do  ?  The  times  were 
wretchedly  dull,  and  situations  were  not  to  be  had 


94  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

for  the  asking.  Hale  replied  promptly,  advising  him 
to  do  errands  between  New  York  and  Boston.  There 
was  an  urgent  want,  he  said,  of  a  parcel  Express 
between  the  two  places,  and  he  explained  to  him 
why  he  thought  so.  He  believed  that  he  could  help 
him  to  obtain  the  patronage  of  Jacob  Little,  and  the 
other  brokers,  and  (as  its  Agent)  procure  him  some 
facilities  on  board  the  John  W.  Richmond.  There 
is  another  version  of  the  story,  which  alleges  that 
Mr.  Harnden  had  conceived  the  plan  in  Boston,  be- 
fore visiting  New  York.  Harnden  consulted,  also, 
by  letter,  with  Major  J.  A.  Pullen,  who  was  conduc- 
tor, or  agent,  at  that  time,  on  the  Boston  and  Provi- 
dence line  to  New  York,  and  agent  of  the  steamers, 
and  he  not  only  encouraged  him  to  undertake  the 
experiment,  but  aided  him  in  obtaining  a  contract 
on  that  line  of  Boats.  Harnden  next  had  a  talk  with 
Mr.  Moore,  a  conductor  upon  the  Boston  and  Wor- 
cester Railroad,  in  Boston,  with  a  view  to  enlisting 
him  as  a  partner  in  the  enterprise.  Moore  (we  are 
told)  required  time  to  consider  the  matter.  On  the 
following  day,  he  went  to  the  Superintendent  of  the 
Boston  and  Providence  Railroad,  to  make  a  contract 
for  Express  facilities,  upon  his  own  account ;  and 
was  informed  that  he  was  a  little  too  late,  an  agree- 
ment having  been  entered  into,  on  the  previous  day, 
with  Harnden.  This  was  a  good  lesson  to  the  latter 
upon  the  value  of  decision  and  promptitude.  "  Nev- 
&r  put  off  to  the  Morrow  what  may  as  well  be  done 
To-day,''  was  an  axiom  well  illustrated  by  that  inci- 
dent    Had  Moore  obtained  the  contract,  it  is  quite 


EMWUSfm 


it 


FOR  FLOORS. 


MINTON'S  ENCAUSTIC  TILES  FOR  FLOORS, 

As  laid  hy  the  Subscribers  in  the 

uwt%t  m  WAiiiigfii, 

and  in  numerous 

DWELLINGS,  CHURCHES.  BANKS, 

And  other  Buildings  in  all  parts  of  the  Country. 
PATTERN  SHEETS  AND  DESCRIPTIONS 

of  this  durable  and  beautiful  Material  may  be  obtained  by 
addressing  as  below. 

— ALSO — 

Garnkirk  Chimney  Tops,  Drain  Pipes, 

PLUMBERS'    M^TERI^LS,   &C. 

For  Sale  by 

MILLEH  &  COATES, 

279  Pearl  Street,  NEW  YORK. 
34 


Cl«  CSiMlT, 


Depot,  ZIfo.  3  Courtlandt  Street,  SBTew  York. 


Factories,  I  Jf^^  »^^^°'  ^«"»- 
'  3  Forestville, 


(C 


Our  Company  being  composed  of  the 

(Formerly  Jerome  Manufacturing  Company,) 

AND  E.  N.  WELCH,  AT  FORESTViLLE,  CONN., 

It  is  not  necessary  to  comment  upon  the  superior  qualities  of  Clocks  manufactured  by 
Ute  aboTe  named  parties,  as  they  are  already  well  known. 

We  manufacture  every  style  of  Clock,  and  can  furnish  them  as  lo»v  as  any  other 
cfitablisbment  in  the  country.  We  will  send  a  circular  containing  the  illustrations  of 
all  our  styles  of  Clocks  upon  application. 

We  have  also  constantly  on  hand  a  large  assortment  of 


vbich  we  are  ready  at  all  times  to  supply  in  large  or  small  quantities, 

Those  who  deal  in  Clocks  are  respectfully  invited  to  call  and  eiamine  our  stock 
lyefere  purchasing  elsewhere. 

S.  M  CAUFSVJTEH,  Agent. 

35 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  35 

probable  that  Harnden  would  never  have  become  an 
Expressman.  As  it  turned  out,  he  took,  that  day, 
the  first  step  in  a  career  that  in  less  than  three  years 
was  to  make  him  famous  throughout  the  civilized 
world,  and  hand  his  name  down  to  the  latest  poster- 
ity as  the  founder  of  a  new  branch  of  industry,  a  new 
source  of  wealth  ;  a  business  constantly  increasing 
and  extending,  and  becoming  daily  more  and  more 
indispensable — a  business,  the  importance  and  value 
of  which,  both  to  the  mercantile  and  social  interests 
of  America,  cannot  now  be  over-estimated. 

Little  did  either  Hale  or  Pullen,  or  any  other 
live  man,  at  the  outset  of  Harnden's  brilliant  career, 
dream  to  what  immense  results  his  Express  was  to 
lead ;  nor  had  he,  himself,  any  conception  of  it. 

William  F.  Harnden  was  born  in  Reading,  Mas- 
sachusetts, during  the  exciting  times  of  the  war  of 
1812.  His  father  was  a  house-painter,  in  humble 
circumstances,  and  had  it  agreed  with  his  health, 
his  son  would  have  learned  the  trade.  Diminutive 
in  form,  and  fragile  in  constitution,  it  was  thought 
best  that  William  should  not  injure  his  health  by 
application  to  study ;  consequently  his  education 
was  neglected.  Still,  he  became  a  superior  penman, 
as  is  proved  by  the  round,  handsome,  and  very  leg- 
ible chirography  of  several  letters  of  his,  now  in  our 
possession.  He  was  inclined  to  be  unobtrusive  and 
taciturn,  yet  his  address  was  good  and  business- 
like. His  principles  were  excellent,  his  habits  reg- 
ular, his  disposition  agreeable,  and  his  benevolence 
always  larger  than  his  means.     He  married  a  lovely 


36  EXPRESS      HISTORY. 

woman,  a  daughter  of  John  Fuller,  Esq.,  of  New- 
ton, Massachusetts,  at  the  time  (we  believe)  that  he 
was  a  conductor  upon  the  Boston  and  Worcester 
Railroad.  In  Stimpson's  Boston  Directory,  for  the 
year  1838, we  find  this  address  among  the  rest,  '*W. 
F.  Harnden,  ticket-master,  W.  R.  R.,  h.  7  Newton 
Place."  In  the  Boston  Directory  of  the  following 
year,  it  is  entered  as  "  Express  Package  Carrier^  8 
Court,  res.  16  Za  Grange  Pl,'^  and  his  original  ad- 
vertisement occupies  a  fly-leaf  of  the  book. 

His  matrimonial  connection  proved  to  be  a  happy 
one;  and  we  have  heard  it  said,  that  in  many  a 
business  emergency,  his  wife  was  his  best  adviser. 

The  earliest  public  mention,  that  we  can  find, 
of  the  arrangement  which  he  had  made  with  the 
Superintendent  of  the  Boston  and  Providence  Rail- 
road, is  contained  in  a  Boston  newspaper,  dated 
February  23d,  1839.  For  one  or  two  reasons,  it  is 
worthy  of  preservation,  and  accordingly  we  will 
insert  it  in  this  record. 

BOSTON  AND  NEW  70EE 

EXPRESS    CAR. 

IMPOETANT  TO  MEECHANTS,  BROKERS,  BOOKSELLERS,  AND  0THEE8. 

W.     F.    HARNDEN, 

For  the  last  five  years,  conductor  and  passenger-clerk  for  the  Boston  and  Wor- 
cester Railroad  Company,  has  made  arrangements  with  the  Providence  Rail- 
road and  New  York  Steamboat  Companies,  to  run  a  car  through  from  Boston 
to  New  York,  and  vice  versa,  four  times  a  week,  commencing  on  Monday,  4th 
March.  He  will  accompany  a  car  himself  for  the  purpose  of  purchasing  goods, 
collecting  drafts,  notes,  and  bills.  Orders  of  all  kinds  promptly  attended  to. 
He  will  take  charge  of  all  small  packages  of  goods,  bundles,  &c.,  that  may  be 
intrusted  to  his  care,  and  see  them  safely  delivered,  and  attend  to  forwarding 
merchandise  of  all  descriptions,  (except  that  prescribed  by  the  Railroad  Com- 


I 


XSaitA.l^llflila.ecl.   Ixi.  Xe34. 


^ 


MANUFACTURER   OF   THB 


&TFLTJlSTC3r 


MANUFACTORY  AND  WAREROOMS, 
75  to»5  East  Thirteenth  Street, 

Near  Broadway,  Sfl^W  "STiDISISo 


The  ''Dunham  Piano  Fortes,"  both    Grand  and  Square,  are 
distinguished  for 

Their  rich,  melodious  and  powerful  tone: 

Their  light,  elastic  and  powerful  touch: 

For  their  strength  and  durability  of  construction: 

And  their  consequent  remarkable  power  of  keeping  in  tone. 

These  Instruments  are  made  of  materials  thoroughly  seasoned  outside, 
and  then  kilvrdried;  so  they  are  able  to  stand  the  test  of  every  climate,  and 
they  do  not  depend  upon  their  iron  frames,  as  most  of  the  other  makes. 

Purchasers  may  rely  upon  the  excellence  of  these  Instruments;  thej 
are  warranted  for  five  years,  and  the  prices  are  moderate. 

36 


MACGREGOR'S   PATENT 

Warming  and  Ventilating  Furnaces, 


FOR  HEATING  PWUC  AlID  PRIVATE  BUILDINGS.  HAU8,  STORES,  &C. 


These  Furnaces  have  been  in 
nse  several  years,  and  with  the 
recent  improvements  for  econo- 
my, purity  of  air,  and  ease  of 
management,  have  no  equal. 

They  require  but  little  atten- 
tion; the  same  fire  can  be  kept 
np  the  entire  season,  without  go- 
ing out.  The  coal  and  gases  are 
all  consumed;  with  good  coal  no 
clinker  is  made,  consequently 
sifting  coal  is  dispensed  with. 

There  are  tec  sizes  of  Portable, 
or  to  be  set  in  masonry,  of  power 
to  warm  from  10,000  to  200,000 
cubic  feet  of  space. 

Carpenter's  elevated  Oven  and 
St  Nicholas  Ranges. 

Caldron  Furnaces,  Registers, 
Water  Coolers,  Baths,  Toilet 
Ware,  Japanned  Tin  Ware,  &c. 

Manufactured  and  for  sale, 
wholesale  and  retail,  by 

Wm.  H.  CORY, 

117  Beekman  Street,  N.  Y, 

Successor  to 
Jamea  Macgregor,  Ji. 


31 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  37 

panies,)  if  directed  to  his  care.     All  packages,  bundles,  <fec.,  must  be  sent  to 
office,  No.  9  Court  street,  Boston,  or  No.  1  Wall  street,  New  York. 

Orders  may  be  left  at  J.  W.  Clark  &  Co.'s,  6  City  Hall ;  Colman's  Pavilion, 
Tremont  street ;  E.  C.  Stowell,  7  Elm  street,  Boston ;  and  at  J.  P.  Smith  & 
Co.'s,  30  Wall  street,  New  York.  Will  leave  Boston  Mondays,  Wednesdays, 
Thursdays,  and  Saturdays,  and  New  York  the  same  days. 

The  "extra  car"  was  a  little  ''play  of  fancy;" 
an  ordinary  valise  serving  to  hold  all  that  the  orig- 
inal expressman  had  to  carry  for  several  months 
afterwards.  The  identical  valise  is  now  in  the  pos- 
session of  Benjamin  P.  Cheney,  Esq.,  at  Cheney  & 
Co.'s  Express  Office,  in  Court  Square,  Boston. 
During  the  first  two  or  three  months,  Harnden 
served  as  his  own  messenger,  and  was  upon  the 
Sound  nearly  every  night  in  the  week. 

The  Boston  Transcript  of  March  21s^,  1839,  con- 
tained the  first  editorial  allusion  to  Harnden  that 
we  can  find  upon  the  files  of  that  always  popular 
*' daily." 

"  Harnden's  Express,  between  Boston  and  New 
York,  has  been  running  since  the  4th  of  March,  and 
is  found  highly  convenient  to  those  who  wish  to 
send  small  packages  or  parcels,  from  one  city  to 
the  other.  Mr.  Harnden  may  be  confided  in  for 
honesty  and  fidelity  in  the  discharge  of  his  engage- 
ments, and  it  affords  us  much  pleasure  to  recom- 
mend his  'Express'  to  the  notice  of  our  readers.'* 

It  then  adds  a  few  lines  in  relation  to  a  map  of 
the  Eastern  Boundary  which  Harnden  had  on  sale. 

A  day  or  two  afterwards,  it  gave  J.  W.  Hale, 
of  the  Tontine  News  Room,  New  York,  credit  for 
a  Philadelphia  newspaper.     March  25th,  complaint 


38  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

was  made  of  the  opposition  for  hiring  the  steamer 
Osceola  to  run  into  the  steamer  J.  W.  Richmond. 
The  ''  Rhode  Island  "  started  for  Stonington  at  the 
same  time,  to  beat  the  Richmond. 

The  Transcript  of  April  llth,  1839,  says:  "The 
John  W.  Richmond  arrived  at  Providence  this 
morning,  far  in  advance  of  the  other  boats,  coming 
through  in  eleven  hours  and  forty-five  minutes,  be- 
ing the  shortest  passage  ever  made.*'  May  14th, 
1839,  it  had  the  following:  "We  are  indebted  to 
our  friend  Harnden,  of  the  Package  Express^  for  the 
United  States'  Gazette,  (Philadelphia,)  of  yesterday 
morning." 

There  were  frequent  editorial  acknowledgments, 
subsequently,  in  all  the  principal  newspapers  of 
New  York  and  Boston,  and  Harnden  seems  to  have 
served  the  press  with  great  zeal,  for  two  or  three 
years  after  he  had  started  his  enterprise.  In  recip- 
rocation, the  editors,  by  their  commendations,  ma- 
terially aided  him. 

The  only  through  route  from  Boston  to  New 
York  at  that  time,  (March,  1839,)  was  by  rail  to 
Providence,  and  thence  to  New  York,  via  Newport, 
by  steamboat  "J.  W.  Richmond,"  Captain  W.  H. 
Townsend,  commander.  The  "  Old  Line  "  of  steam- 
boats ran  from  Stonington  to  New  York.  Harnden 
had  no  paid  Agent  in  this  city,  at  the  outset.  He 
hired  very  limited  desk-room  in  O'Hearn's  station- 
ery store,  in  the  basement,  now,  and  for  many  years 
past,  occupied  by  the  Daily  Express  newspaper 
publication  office,  under  the  present  premises  of 


I 


WORCESTER  ¥IRE  WORKS, 

ICHABOD  WASHBURN  &  MOBN, 

PROPRIETORS, 


MANUFACTURERS     OF 

lldnelr  Ion  mxH  €ui  Sled  Win, 

AMONG  WHICH  AHE  THE  FOLLOWING,  viz : 

CARD    WIRE,    REED,    MACHINERY,    SPIRAL    SPRINa, 

BUCKLE,  COTTON  FLYER,  BONNET,  BROOM,  BRUSH, 

BAIL,  HAIR  PIN,  HOOK  &  EYE,  STAPLE  FLAT, 

FENCE  AND  COPPERED  WIRE, 

TINNED   IRON   WIRE, 

IiiEI£,ii  Am  IBIilf  Will  111  Wiif  Hi, 

Plain  and  Galvanized  Telegraph  Wire, 

STEEL,  jnUSMC  W»IRE, 

Piano  Pin  and  Piano  Covering  Wire, 

^mvtuA  ami  (SonxtA  ^Ut\  Wixt  tax  (&xim\m$, 

STIEL  wmi  r®i  ALL  pummEB. 


Wire  straightened  and  cut  to  any  length  required. 
38 


SANFORD'S   ANTI-FRrCTION  GIN  POWER. 


This  is  the  great- 
est invention  of  the 
age,and  is  particular- 
ly adapted  toplanta- 
tionpurposes!  It  runs 
upon  friction  balls, 
and  with  one  turn  of 
the  drawinjsc  wheel 
gives  70  revolutions 
to  the  shaft,  on  which 
is  placed  an  18  inch 
and  a  24  inch  pulley; 
it  can  be  nsed  with 
1,  3,  3  or  4  horses. 
We  manufacture  a 
power  for  field  pur- 
poses, on  the  same 
principle — geared  be- 
low I  Our  Gin  Pow- 
er took  the  Silver 
Medal  at  the  late 
Stale  Fair  at  Co- 
lumbia, S.  C. 


6^ 


FOR    FLANTIBRS    AND    FARMERS. 

This  Mill  received  the  large  Silver  Medal  at  the  late  Fair  of  the  American  Institute,  and 
is  in  use  on  many  plantations  at  the  South,  giving  the  most  perfect  satisfaction*  The  Gin 
Power  used  by  Planters  is  well  adapted  to  drive  it,  as  is  also  the  horse  power  used  by  Farmei-s. 

Persons  wishing  an  honest  Mill,  that  will  Inst  a  lifetime,  may  see  /Ai»  in  operation  dailj, 
from  12  to  1  o'clock,  at  the  office  of  the  undersigned.  No,  45  Gold  Street,  N.  Y. 

Circulars  of  the  above  Horse  Power  and  Mill  will  be  furnished  or  sent  to  any  address,  by 

J.  A.  BET¥MET,  8ole  Ag^ent. 

a9 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  39 

Sibell  &  Mott,  who  succeeded  O'Hearn.  Adolphus 
Harnden,  a  younger  brother  of  William's,  attended 
at  this  office,  when  not  called  thence  by  his  duties 
as  messenger.  This  young  man,  though  as  diminu- 
tive in  size  as  his  brother,  (and  the  weight  of  the 
two  together  is  said  not  to  have  exceeded  200 
pounds  at  that  time,)  had  served  creditably  as  a 
volunteer  soldier  against  Mexico  in  the  Texan  war 
of  independence.  In  appearance  he  was  as  natty 
and  snug  as  a  West  Point  cadet.  The  two  brothers 
were  so  small,  and  similar  in  looks,  that  they  used 
to  be  called,  sometimes,  when  seen  by  their  neigh- 
bors working  together,  on  the  walk,  "  the  two 
ponies^  They  were  inferior  in  bulk,  and  so  is  a 
gold  eagle  among  a  lot  of  coppers.  Fortunately  for 
some  of  us,  the  standard  of  personal  energy  and 
general  ability  is  not  based  upon  '^  carpenter's  meas- 
urementy  Tailors'  measures,  we  fear,  have  more 
influence,  and  often  shape  opinions,  as  well  as  men, 
but  the  best  gauge  of  a  man's  real  value  is  his 
achievements. 

Adolphus  Harnden  (we  have  heard  his  room- 
mate say)  was  not  by  any  means  a  ''fast"  young 
man ;  on  the  contrary,  he  was  very  steady,  and  as 
slow  as  he  was  sure.  He  was  chary  of  his  words, 
and  reserved  in  his  communication  with  almost 
every  one,  but  especially  with  the  30  or  40  wild 
young  men,  who  boarded  in  the  same  house  that  he 
did,  in  New  York.  He  was  remarkably  upright 
and  reliable.  We  are  pained  to  add,  that,  while 
crossing  the  Sound,  in  his  capacity  as  messenger, 


40  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

he  perished  with  the  ill-fated  steamer  Lexington, 
which  was  burnt  on  that  bitter  cold,  dark,  calami- 
tous night,  the  13th  of  January,  1840. 

This  was  an  awful  blow  to  his  brother,  relatives 
and  friends;  but  thousands  were  mourning  for  some 
hundred  other  victims  of  the  same  dreadful  catas- 
trophe, and  the  grief  for  the  unfortunate  express- 
man's melancholy  end  was  merged  in  the  general 
sorrow. 

Thirty  thousand  dollars  in  specie,  which  he  had 
in  charge  for  delivery  to  the  Merchants'  Bank  of 
Boston,  on  account  of  the  Government,  was  lost 
with  the  Lexington. 

Dexter  Brigham,  Jr.,  aided  W.  F.  Harnden, 
both  as  messenger  and  clerk,  soon  after  the  Express 
was  started,  but  only  as  a  volunteer,  and  without 
compensation.  Harnden  told  him  that  the  Express 
was  only  an  experiment,  but  when  it  should  have 
become  a  paying  concern,  he  would  give  him  some- 
thing for  his  services. 

After  the  Express  had  been  running  a  short 
time,  via  Providence  and  Newport,  Harnden  found 
it  desirable  to  have  a  conductor  through  to  New 
York,  via  Stonington,  and  he  employed  Luke 
Damon,  who  continued  on  that  route  for  two  or 
three  years.  By  the  way,  Mr.  Damon  has  been 
longer  in  the  business  than  any  other  man.  He  has 
been  for  some  years  past  with;  Kinsley  &  Co., 
Boston. 


:ESi«i"-A.DBXjiXsmEi>  ii>j-  xese. 


iii  liii  if  iliilMiif , 


'■■'  a  rt  irt- 


JOHN^  G.  McMURRAY  &  CO., 

Proprietors    of   the 

ITansmghitrgtj  Steam  §rtts|  Jfacturj, 

WAREHOUSE    AND   SALES    ROOMS, 

No.    277   PEARL    STREET, 


By  the  aid  of  Machinery,  of  which  they  are  the  inventors  and  sole  pro- 
prietors, they  are  enabled  to  sell  Brushes  of  all  kinds  at  very  low  prices, 
and  solicit  a  thorough  examination  of  the  variety,  style,  quality,  and  price, 
feeling  confident  that  they  will  copviace  each  buyer  that  it  is  for  their  in- 
terest to  deal  with  them. 

40 


MANY,  BALDWIN  &  MANY, 
49  JoHK  Street,  coriver  Dutch  St., 

mm  ^®mm^ 


LOCKS  of  ererj  description, 

pilfer  ipiaie^  pinges, 
IRON  AND  BRASS  BUTTS, 

Belh  and  Bell-Hangers'  Materials 
of  every  kiad, 

Copjrer  Wire,  Iran  Wirer  Steel  Wirt, 
WOOD  SCREWS, 

Brass  Screws  and  Machine  Screws 
of  all  kinds. 

MANTJFACT0RER3  OF 

PORCEli  AIID  SILVER  PLATED  DOOR  TRIMMINGS, 

Including  Name  and  Number  Plates, 

BBLL  FtTLLS,  &c.,  of  the  BEST  QUALITY, 


AGENTS  FOR 

GAUTIER'S  BLACK  LEAD  CRUCIBLES, 
"  PIRE  BRICKS  ANB  TILE, 

'^         GAS  RETORTS, 
"         CARBURET  OP  IRON  STOVE  POLISH- 

IMPKOYED  WIKE  DOOE  SPEII^GS, 


Every  article  of  BUILDING  HARDWARE  snitable  for  first  class 
houses  kept  constantlj  an  hand.  Illustrated  Catalogues  sent  hj  piail,  on 
application. 

FRANCIS  MANY,  GEO,  W,  BALDWIN,  LEWIS  MANT, 

41 


HISTORY  OF  THE  EXPRESS  BUSINESS. 


History  op  Wm.  F.  Haknden,  and  Harnden  &  Co.,  completed.    Harnden's 

ILL  IIEA.LTH  AND  OTHER  DISCOURAOEMENTS.  HlS  HEROISM.  NARRATIVE  OP 
THE  LOSS  OF  THE  LEXINGTON.  MELANCHOLY  DEATH  OP  AdOLPHUS  HaRN- 
DEN,  THE  FIRST  MAN  THAT  DIED  IN  THE  EXPRESS  SERVICE.      FrEEZING-UP  OF 

THE  Sound.  Novel  way  op  Expressing.  Harnden  establishes  Offi- 
ces IN  Philadelphia  and  Albany.  Alludes  to  the  starting  of  the 
FIRST  opposition  Express,  (Adams  &  Co.)  Takes  a  partner  and  estab- 
lishes A  European  business.  Characteristic  correspondence  by  Harn- 
den. Henry  Wells  as  his  Agent.  Harnden  &  Co's  operations;  their 
progress  at  home  and  abroad.  Sickness  and  decease  op  William  F. 
Harnden.    Result  op  his  enterprises. 

We  have  described  the  causes  and  origin  of  the 
Package  Express;  it  now  remains  for  us  to  relate 
how  Harnden's  enterprise  stood  the  test  of  experi- 
ence— wherein  it  failed,  wherein  it  prosj)ered,  and 
how  much  of  the  fruits  of  the  noble  tree,  which  he 
had  planted,  he  was  permitted  to  enjoy  before  he 
died. 

To  illustrate  how  slight  a  thread  the  Express  line 
was  at  that  time,  Mr.  James  Cholwell,  then  a  clerk 
in  J.  W.  Hale's  foreign  letter  office,  but  subsequent- 
ly a  city  money-messenger  with  Adams  &  Co.,  in- 
forms us  that  he  remembers  that  one  day  Harnden 
came  to  where  his  employer  was  sorting  letters,  and 


42  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

striking  his  hand  emphatically  upon  the  counter, 
declared  that  '*  he  could  not  make  it  go,"  meaning 
the  Express  business.  "  He  had  expended,"  he  said, 
"  a  thousand  or  twelve  hundred  upon  it,  and  had 
not  got  half  his  money  back."  Hale  reminded  him 
that  the  Cunard  hue  of  steamships  was  about  to  go 
into  operation  between  Liverpool  and  Boston,  and 
this  would  necessarily  make  a  multitude  of  foreign 
parcels  for  delivery,  in  New  York  and  Philadelphia, 
by  express.  Harnden  saw  at  once  the  force  of  the 
suggestion,  and  was  encouraged  to  continue  his  en- 
terprise. When  the  steamships  commenced  run- 
ning, the  communication  between  New  York  and 
Boston  perceptibly  increased,  and  the  impetus  given 
by  it  to  the  business  of  the  latter  city  materially 
helped  Harnden  &  Co. 

The  reader  will  understand  that  Harnden,  in  the 
struggle  for  the  establishment  of  his  "project,"  had 
had  the  odds  very  much  against  him.  He  had  nei- 
ther health,  capital,  nor  friends  to  back  him.  As 
before  stated,  the  reason  of  his  resigning  his  situa- 
tion as  ticket-master  on  the  B.  and  Worcester  R.  R. 
was  that  his  slender  constitution  had  been  seriously 
injured  by  his  steadfast  application  to  the  duty  re- 
quired of  him ;  hence  he  was  not  physically  equal 
to  the  fatigue  inseparable  from  the  berth  of  an  Ex- 
press conductor,  or  messenger  ;  and  it  was  a  subject 
of  wonder,  to  all  who  knew  him,  that  he  endured 
it  as  well  as  he  did.  The  secret  of  it  was,  that  he 
had,  under  a  very  quiet,  and  rather  taciturn  de- 


SEARLES  &  WILLIAMS, 

No.  57  White  Street, 

NE^V\^   YORK, 
MANUFACTURERS   TO   THE    TRADE f 

OF  EICHLY  OKNAMENTED  AND  PLAIN 

E>®©II1S  ©MSI  fMKSi, 

IN  EVERY  VARIETY,  OF  THE  NEWEST  STYLES, 

IN  ELLIPTIC  TOP,  OYAL,  OR  FANCY  SHAPED  ; 

ALSO, 

^kl  anJr  Square  portrait  anJr  '§id\m  ixmts, 

comprising  more  than  a  thousand  patterns. 

PICTURE  FRAME  MOULDINGS  AND  OVAL  FRAMES, 

of  every  pattern,  ornamented,  plain,  prepared,  or  in  the  wood, 
as  thej  may  be  required. 


Having  been  established  in  the  manufacture  of  Looking  Glass  and  Pic- 
ture Frames  for  more  than  thirty  years,  and  availing  ourselves  of  all  the 
improvements  in  manufacturing,  are  prepared  to  execute  orders  to  any  ex- 
tent in  the  best  manner,  and  on  as  favorable  terms  as  any  house  in  the 

city. 

May  1,  1860. 

42 


JOHN  K.   HOFPEIi, 

BRUSH  fflANUFACTlEER, 

829  Pearl  Street,  (Harpers'  Building,)  Franklin  Square,  N.  ¥• 


Brushes  of  every  description  at  the  lowest  factory 
prices.     A  superior  quality  of 

together  with  the  greatest  variety  of 

in  New  York,  on  hand  and  for  sale. 

made  to  order. 

Painters,  storekeepers,  druggists,  and  the  public 
generally,  will  find  it  to  their  advantage  in  ordering 
from  me. 


EXPRESS      HISTORY.  43 

meanor,  great  hopefulness,  a  steady  zeal,  and  a 
strong  will.  By  almost  superhuman  exertion  of  the 
latter  faculty,  when  worn  out  by  a  night  of  harder 
duty  than  usual,  by  which  he  had  been  robbed  of 
his  needful  rest,  and  exposed  to  the  roughest  wea- 
ther, on  sea  and  land,  he  would  reanimate  his  e!t- 
hausted  system,  and  nerve  himself  to  discharge  the 
recurring  labor.  In  these  days  of  progress,  it  is 
not  so  easy  to  appreciate  the  severe  ordeal  which 
Harnden  went  through.  Unless  a  man  is  stimulat- 
ed by  an  indomitable  spirit,  if  his  body  is  weak  and 
undermined  by  disease,  he  feels  privileged  to  shun 
fatigue  ;  but  Harnden,  on  the  contrary,  resolutely 
encountered  the  hardships  of  his  new  business,  at 
all  times,  and  often  against  the  remonstrances  of  his 
friends,  who  feared  that  he  had  undertaken  a  work, 
that  would  soon  destroy  him.  Among  other  things, 
it  was  his  pride  to  be  the  first  to  board  the  British 
Mail  Steamer,  to  obtain  the  Europeafti  news  for  the 
press ;  and  even  though  it  should  be  between  mid- 
night and  morning,  his  office  would  be  illuminated, 
and  he  and  his  men  on  the  alert  for  the  expected 
arrival.  This  often  occurred,  when,  instead  of  such 
exposure,  he  ought  to  have  been  in  bed,  and  under 
a  doctor's  care. 

His  Express  had  been  in  operation  only  a  few 
months,  when — it  was  in  the  summer  or  fall  of 
1839 — O'Hearn,  a  part  of  whose  little  store  in  the 
basement  of  what  is  now  No.  20  Wall  Street,  at  the 
corner  of  Nassau  Street,  we  have  said  was  his  orig- 


44  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

inal  office  in  this  city,  requested  him  to  remove, 
because  the  receipts  of  parcels  had  so  increased, 
that  they  obstructed  the  stationer's  own  business. 
Harnden  acquiesced,  and  hired  an  office  at  No.  2 
Wall  Street,  in  a  building  situated  where  the  Bank 
of'  the  Republic  now  stands. 

His  original  office  in  Boston  was  in  the  same 
room  with  Staples,  the  Stage  Agent,  No  9  Court 
Street.  B.  D.  &  G.  B.  Earle,  Bank  Messengers  be- 
tween Boston  and  Providence,  started  an  Express 
between  those  two  cities,  and  occupied  a  portion  of 
Harnden's  Providence  office. 

In  August,  1839,  E.  L.  Stone,  a  native  of  Lei- 
cester, Mass.,  became  a  clerk  in  Harnden's  service  at 
No.  2  Wall  Street.  J.  W.  Lawrence  was  agent  of 
the  Boston  office;  and  Luke  Damon  and  Adolphus 
Harnden  were  messengers.  This  arrangement  con- 
tinued until  the  13th  of  January,  1840,  the  date  of 
the  disaster  to  the  Lexington.  On  that  fatal  day, 
the  business  of  the  Express  at  the  New  York  office 
seemed  even  better  than  usual.  Harnden  had  been 
intrusted  with  the  delivery  of  $20,000  to  Franklin 
Haven,  President  of  the  Merchants'  Bank,  and  U. 
S.  Pension  Agent.  Besides  that  large  sum,  they 
had  in  charge  as  much  more  for  various  other  par- 
ties in  Boston;  and  a  considerable  quantity  of  par- 
cels, &c.  The  money  and  valuables  were  put  into 
the  portable  safe  or  iron  box  as  usual,  and  this  was 
bestowed  in  the  Express  crate,  with  the  packages, 
by  Adolphus  Harnden,  who  little  imagined,  when  it 


J.  AGATE  «  GO'S 


AND 


^entlmen  s  JfmTO|mg  Store, 

Between  Mnrray  and  Warren  Streets,  New  York,  opposite  City  Hall. 


STOCKS,  SUSPENDERS,  AND  THE  PATENT  CORAZZA  SHIRTS. 

Constantly  on  hand — Scarfs,  Cravats,  Gloves,  Suspenders,  Under  Garments,  Hosiery, 
Lineo  and  Muslin  Shirts,  Pocket  Kerchiefs,  Buckskin  Shirts, 
Drawers,  and  Suspenders,  &c.,  &c. 


A — Measurement  around  the  neck. 

B  to  B —  "  across  the  shoulders. 

C  to  C —  "  from  centre  of  back  to  wrist  bone. 

D  to  D —  "  around  the  chest  to  arm-pits. 

AtoE—  "  length. 


^^^  Orders  accompanied  with  measurements  as  indicated  above,  will  alwajs  be 
executed  with  precision  and  dispatch,  in  the  best  style,  and  at  most  reasonable  prices. 

J.  AGATE  &  CO. 

J.  AGATE.  F.  W.  TALKINGTON. 


CHARLES  F.  WILLIAMS, 

ist  Water  Street, 

Corner  of  Fletcher  St.,  SJSW  ^©IEBLq 


MANUFACTURER   OF 


ROUND  AND  SQUARE 

T2H    € 


9 

FOR 

Oil,  Yarnish,  Turpentine,  I^ard,  Paint, 
Puttjr,  PoTFder,  &e.,  &e., 

DRUaeiSTS'  TIN  WARE, 

SWCIlHSandmSlolioldfromStolOOQGIILLOIS. 

HERMETIdALLY  SEALING  Oil, 

For  putting  up  Fruits,  Meats,  Vegetables,  Ac. 

A  GENERAL  ASSORTMENT  OF 

Cash,  Deed,  Sample,  Letter  and  Cake  Boxes,  Measures, 

Funnels,    Scoops,    Pumps,  Water   Pails,  Water 
oii8«  .i.^  (5i,^ots,  Marking  Pots,  &c.,  &c.,  constantly 
4»diqiii*i«4£«*v<      on  hand,  or  made   to  order. 

Orders  by  Mail  promptly  and  faithfally  executed* 

45 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  45 

was  done,  that  he  had  packed  it  for  the  last  time.  It 
was  a  winter's  afternoon,  but  the  trip  seemed  hkely 
to  be  safe  enough. 

There  were  nearly  100  passengers  on  board,  be- 
sides 37  persons  in  the  capacity  of  officers  and  crew. 
On  deck  was  a  large  quantity  of  cotton,  in  bales. 

At  seven  o'clock  in  the  evening,  when  about  five 
miles  east  of  Eaton's  Neck,  L.  I.,  and  going  at  the 
rate  of  1 2  miles  an  hour,  the  cotton  near  the  smoke- 
pipe  was  discovered  to  be  on  fire!  The  wind  was 
blowing  very  fresh,  and  all  endeavors  to  extinguish 
the  flames  being  found  inefiectual,  the  boat  was 
headed  for  Long  Island.  Unhappily  the  tiller  ropes 
were  soon  broken  by  straining,  and  the  vessel  be- 
came unmanageable. 

The  consternation  was  now  so  universal,  that  two 
of  the  Lexington's  boats,  and  the  life-boat,  were 
no  sooner  lifted  out  and  let  down  into  the  water, 
than  a  crowd  of  panic-stricken  mortals  precipitated 
themselves  on  bpard,  and  swamped  them — by  this 
means  losing  their  own  lives,  and  depriving  the  rest 
of  their  only  dependence  in  that  terrible  emergency. 
Another  boat,  which  had  been  lowered  very  care- 
fully, and  apparently  all  right,  was  found,  a  day  or 
two  afterwards,  with  four  bodies  in  it,  and  nearly 
full  of  water. 

The  engine,  also,  became  useless,  and  the  boat 
drifted  at  the  mercy  of  the  wind  and  sea,  while  the 
volume  of  fire  from  the  rapidly-consuming  cotton 
swept  over  her,  and  her  despairing  passengers  and 


4.6  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

crew,  with  a  fearfulness  that  defies  description. 
The  conflagration  being  amidships,  cut  off  necessari- 
ly all  communication  from  stem  to  stern,  where  the 
passengers  were  collected;  some  clinging  to  each 
other,  some  on  their  knees,  and  either  imploring 
God  to  help  them,  or  unavailingly  bewailing  the 
horrible  doom  which  gazed  grimly  into  their  pale 
countenances. 

The  blazing  wreck,  shining  far  over  the  intensely 
cold  and  heavy  waste  of  waters,  exhibited  the  scene 
of  the  catastrophe  with  terrible  distinctness.  To 
remain  on  board  was  to  incur  certain  death,  and 
to  cast  themselves  into  the  sea  was  the  only  alterna- 
tive. It  was  a  desperate  resort,  but,  commending 
themselves  to  God,  the  poor  creatures  availed  them- 
selves of  the  wretched  privilege  of  a  choice  in  the 
manner  of  their  death;  for  they  could  hardly  have 
entertained  a  hope  of  surviving.  A  very  few,  who 
hesitated  to  precipitate  themselves  into  the  merci- 
less deep,  clung  to  the  sides  of  the  burning  hull, 
in  the  hope  of  prolonging  for  a  few  moments  their 
limited  existence. 

Only  four  persons  were  saved;  and  110  men, 
8  women,  and  3  children  are  known  to  have  per- 
ished. If  any,  upon  spars  and  fragments  of  the 
wreck,  escaped  drowning,  it  was  only  to  die  by 
exposure.  It  is  possible  that  a  few  survived  until 
morning,  and  drew  their  last  breath  in  sight  of  the 
rising  sun. 

Many  of  the  victims  of  that  awful  calamity  were 


I 


CORNELIUS    VAN  HORN, 

70  Beekman  St.,  I¥ew  York, 

MAXDFACTUKER,  IMPORTER  k  DEALER  IN 

Carriage  Jarbfoare  ^  Crimmings,  Sleigji  Materials,  ^c. 

CONSIST  INQ     OF 


Springs,  all  qaalities, 

Axles  numerous  kinds, 

Malleable  ('astings, 

Best  Philadelphia  Bolts, 

New  York  Bolts, 

Wrought  Fifth  Wheels, 

Wrought  Axle  Clips, 

Best  Fhihuit-Iphia  Nuts, 

Rivets  Clamps, 

Buggy  Da.'ihea.  Bent  Rims. 

Bent  Shafts,  finished  and  unfinished, 

Bent  Poles,  finished  and  unfinished, 

Bent  Seat  Rails  and  Backs, 

Spokes,  Hickory  and  Oak, 

Hubs, 

Turned  Neck  Yokes, 

Carved  Carriage  Be.ls, 

Carveil  Spring  Bars, 

Beat  Spindles, 

Buggy  Seats,  Buggy  Bows, 

Buggy  Wheels, 

Buggy  Bodies, 

Wagon  Hows,  Oak  and  Ash, 

Coach  and  Buggy  Lamps, 

Damask,  various  qualities, 

Blip  Linings, 

Cloth,  all  colors  and  qualities. 

Curtain  Silks, 

Silk  and  Worsted  Coach  Lace, 

Bilk  and  Wc.rsted  Fringe  and  Tassels, 

Brussels  and  Velvet  Carpet, 

Oil  Carpet, 

Japanned  Moleskin, 

Painted  Cloth,  6-4  wide. 

Enameled  Duck,     ) 

Enameled  Drills,     >  various  widths. 

Enameled  Muslin,  ) 

Enameled  Muslin,  fancy  colors, 


Patent  Leather, 

Enameled  Leather, 

Enameled  Leather,  fancy  colors, 

Oil  Top  Leather, 

Buckram,  Plushes,  Scrims, 

Seamiug  Cord, 

Patent  Thread, 

Curled  Hair, 

Moss, 

Curtain  Frames, 

Spring  barrels. 

Whip  Sockets, 

Caleche  Fixtures, 

Top  Props.  Silver  and  Brass, 

Knobs,  Silver,  Brass  and  Japanned, 

Locks,  Bands,  Tacks, 

Brads,  Screws,  Files, 

Buttons, 

Door  Handles, 

Stump  Joints, 

Shaft  Jacks,  Shaft  Tips, 

Plated  Slatt  Irons, 

Plate<l  Pole  Yokes, 

Plated  Pole  Sockets, 

Plated  Pole  Tips, 

Plated  Whiffletree  Ferrules, 

Screw  Wrfnches, 

Lining  and  Band  Nails,  Japanned 
and  Silver, 

American  Varnish,  Coach  and  Car- 
nage, 

American  Japan. 

Lane's  English  Varnish.  Coach,  Car- 
riage and  Enameled  Leather, 

Doles'  Hub  Boring  Machines, 

Moulding,  .'^ilver  and  Lead, 

Saundei's  Patent  Shaft  Couplings, 

Kenny's  Patent  Shaft  Couplin^.s,  &c. 


C.  V.  H.  has  constantly  on  hand  a  large  and  well-selected  stock  of  Carriage  Hardware, 
Broad  Cloths,  Damasks,  Plushes  and  Bent  Rims,  Shafts  and  Poles,  of  the  best  New  Jersey 
Hickory;  also,  a  large  stock  of  Superior  Hickory  and  Oak  Spokes,  which  he  offers  to  Carriage 
Manufacturers  at  the  lowest  market  prices,  and  on  the  most  favorable  terms. 


C.  V.  H.  is  Sole  Agent  in  New  York  for  Doles'  Hub  Boring  Machines,  for  boxing 
wheels.    Prices,  No.  1,  $15.00;  No.  2, 118.00;  No.  3,  $20.00,  net  cash. 


Nobles  &  Hoabe's  English  Varnish.  Price  of  Carriage,  $5.00;  Wearing  Body  Var- 
nish, $0.75,  net  cash. 

Orders  received  for  Gpard's  Wheel  Machines.  Price  $12.5.00,  delivered  in  New  York. 
Extra  Tools  37  cents  per  quarter.  This  machine  is  worked  without  power,  and  one  man  can 
pot  a  wheel  together  in  40  minutes. 

46 


s 

O 

n 

§ 

n 


o 


Si 

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Hi 

p  g 


•.  a:  j^  c  -^  ^ 
eg    e  S  K  ,*>  e 


{^^2*^^ 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  47 

prominent  citizens  of  l^ew  York  and  Boston.  The 
public  favorite,  the  inimitable  comedian,  the  wit, 
the  scholar,  and  the  gentleman,  Henry  T.  Finn,  en- 
acted in  that  tragedy  the  last  scene  in  his  life. 
How  impressively  it  stands  out  in  contrast  with  what 
we  remember  of  him,  as,  many  a  time  and  oft,  at 
the  annual  Corporation  dinner,  he  used  to  ' '  set  the 
table  in  a  roar,"  or,  in  some  comic  part  upon  the 
stage,  would  convulse  the  audience  with  a  laughter 
that  would  tickle  the  ribs  for  whole  days  afterwards, 
and  cause  the  very  mention  of  his  name  to  excite 
the  risibles  of  the  hearer!  Poor  Finn!  Who  of 
the  vast  multitude  that  knew  you,  has  not  paid  to 
your  memory  the  tribute  of  a  tear? 

There  is  no  record  of  the  personal  experience  of 
any  one  of  their  companions,  except  that  of  the  four 
who  were  saved;  and  we  have  none  of  Adolphus 
Harnden.  That  he  behaved  with  courage  and  forti- 
tude, we  have  no  reason  to  doubt. 

Express  messengers  have,  in  numerous  instances 
of  disaster  by  sea  and  land,  distinguished  themselves 
by  their  presence  of  mind  and  intrepidity  in  seeking 
to  save  or  serve  those  in  distress  around  them.  In 
Harnden 's  case,  any  attempt  to  rescue  his  fellow 
passengers  would  have  been  futile.  His  only  care 
was  for  the  safety  of  the  very  heavy  amount  of  treas- 
ure which  he  had  in  his  charge.  He  took  his  iron 
safe,  containing  about  $40,000,  from  the  crate  be- 
fore the  boats  were  swamped,  in  the  hope  of  getting 
it  into  one  of  them,  after  they  had  done  their  ofl&ce 


48  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

in  conveying  the  passengers  and  others  ashore. 
Finding  it  was  too  heavy  for  that,  he  may  have 
opened  it  and  taken  out  the  packages,  for  their  bet^ 
ter  conveyance.  Probably  all,  or  a  portion,  of  the 
$12,000  in  specie  belonging  to  the  Merchants'  Bank 
had  not  been  put  into  the  safe,  for  one  who  was 
there  says  that  he  saw  the  boxes  used  by  some  per- 
sons in  throwing  water  upon  the  flames. 

The  safe  was  upon  castors,  and  it  rolled  overboard 
when  the  steamer  lurched.  It  has  never  been  found, 
nor  any  portion  of  the  money.  Fragments  of  the 
crate  were  picked  up  a  short  time  afterwards,  but 
nothing  of  any  value.  The  body  of  the  unfortunate 
messenger  was  never  recovered. 

On  the  day  following  the  disaster,  Captain  Com- 
stock,  accompanied  by  Dexter  Brigham,  Jr.,  and 
two  or  three  other  gentlemen,  proceeded  with  his 
crew,  in  the  Steamer  Statesman,  to  hunt  for  such  of 
the  poor  creatures  as  might  yet  be  alive  upon  the 
icy  shores,  or  afloat  upon  spars,  &c.  Crowley,  the 
second  mate,  was  found  in  good  quarters,  having 
floated  ashore  on  a  bale  of  cotton,  (which,  by  the 
way,  he  gratefully  preserves,  in  remembrance  of  its 
service ;)  and  three  others  were  saved,  but  no  trace 
was  discovered  of  the  unfortunate  Express  con- 
ductor. 

Early  in  1840,  Harnden  contemplated  an  exten- 
sion of  his  line  to  Philadelphia,  and  in  the  spring 
of  that  year  he  commissioned  E.  L.  Stone  to  go 
thither,  and  act  as  his  agent.  Pullen  was  the  Bos- 
ton Messenger. 


A-LLEN'S 

PATENT 

mwMmmm 


THE  LIGHTEST  11  BEST  REVOLVER  IN  THE  WORLD, 


WEIGHT  ONLY  7  OUNCES. 


The  advantages  of  this  Arm  over  all  others,  consists  in   the  superioritj 
of  its  workmanship,  the  rapidity  of  loading  and  discharging,  the  ac- 
curacy and  GREAT  FORCE  with  which  it  shoots,  the  convenience 
and  safety  with  which  the  Arm  and  Ammunition  may  be 
carried.     The  Cartridges  are  waterproof,  and  the  pistol 
may  remain  charged  for  any  length  of  time,  in  any 
climate,  with  certainty  of  fire  at  all  times. 

FOR  SALE  BY  THE  TRADE  QENERALLY. 

ONION  &  WHEELOCK, 

Manafacturers.  Importers  and  Jobbers  of 

GUNS,  REVOLVERS,  RIFLES,  PISTOLS, 

im  JUIEEUL  tlB  SPOBTUG  IBTiSLIS 

OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION, 

No.  99  Maiden  Lane, 

48 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  49 

In  November,  1840,  D.  Brigham,  Jr.,  became  a 
partner  of  Harnden,  and  went  to  England,  to  es- 
tablish a  transatlantic  express  line  and  foreign 
exchange  business.  This  step  was  regarded  with 
favor,  and  through  the  energy  of  H.  had  become, 
in  1842,  a  popular  institution,  highly  creditable  to 
American  enterprise. 

At  that  date,  WiUiam  F.  Harnden  was  upon  the 
top-wave  of  popularity;  butwhatare  splendid  means 
and  wide-spread  reputation  to  a  man,  if  the  still 
greater  source  of  enjoyment,  good  health,  is  denied 
to  him  ?  Though  constrained  by  his  failing  strength 
to  ride  to  his  place  of  business  in  his  carriage,  Harn- 
den still  labored  at  his  head  work  with  unabated  zeal. 
His  Boston,  New  York,  and  Philadelphia  Express, 
and  his  Foreign  Express,  were  not  his  sole  care; 
He  conceived  that  his  influence  in  Europe  could  not 
be  better  fostered  and  extended  than  by  Harnden 
&  Go.^s  undertaking  to  afford  the  most  sure  and  sat- 
isfactory facilities  for  the  emptying  of  the  overflow- 
ing population  of  the  Old  into  the  fertile  Western 
valleys  of  the  New  World.  When  Henry  Wells  had 
urged  upon  him,  a  year  or  two  before,  the  impor- 
tance of  extending  his  line  from  Albany  to  Bufftilo, 
and  thence  Westward,  Harnden  replied,  "  Put  a 
people  there,  and  my  Express  shall  soon  follow." 
He  did  not  want  to  waste  time  to  court  the  patron- 
age of  unpopulated  prairies;  and  it  was  this  thought, 
probably,  that  was  the  seed  of  his  emigration  pro- 


60  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

ject  at  a  later  period.  With  more  experience,  he 
might  have  reaHzed  the  fact,  that  Express  faciUties 
may  lead  as  well  as  follow  population. 

Harnden  desired,  with  all  his  heart,  to  have  the 
great  West  traversed  by  railroads  in  every  direc- 
tion. He  saw  that  the  "lay  of  the  land"  offered  no 
such  difficulties  to  their  construction  as  had  been 
experienced  among  the  rocks  and  hills  of  New  En- 
gland; and  with  comparatively  small  expense  the 
immense  distances,  which  appalled  those  who  were 
looking  wistfully  to  the  productive  and  easily  culti- 
vated western  prairies,  could  be  overcome,  and  the 
vast  Yalley  of  the  Mississippi  be  rendered  accessi- 
ble to  the  enterprising  spirits  of  the  crowded  East- 
ern States,  and  the  starving  millions  of  Europe. 
There  were  no  exorbitaiit  prices  to  be  paid  for 
**  rights  of  way,"  no  impediment  to  obtaining  mate- 
rials for  construction:  the  only  difficulty  was  to  pro- 
cure laborers.  Great  Britain  was  rich  in  its  numer- 
ous gangs  of  experienced  navvies,  thoroughly  ex- 
perienced in  excavating,  banking,  tunnelling,  bridg- 
ing, &c.;  but  the  demand  for  similar  labor,  in  this 
country,  vastly  exceeded  the  supply.  The  more 
that  Harnden  thought  of  this,  (and  the  subject  ex- 
ercised his  mind  for  several  months,  at  the  period 
of  which  we  are  writing,)  the  more  confirmed  he 
became  in  the  desire  to  be  himself  the  means  of 
bringing  into  the  United  States  the  requisite  labor- 
force  from  the  surplus  of  Great  Britain  and  the 
Continent.     Up  to  that  time,  there  had  been  no 


bmi©1j®m^'^i®  ^i^ir 


Q 


S.  T.  BAILEY, 

IVo.  5  Chatham  Square,  j^ew  York  City. 


I  solicit  your  attention  to  my  especial  business  (and  consequent  facilities)  for  furnish- 
ing Emblematic  Sfgxs.  (Carved,  Plain  or  Figured,)  always  on 
band  and  got  up  to  order;  such  as 

Horses'  Heads,  Watehes,  Eagles,  Spectacles,  Mortars,  Anvils^ 
Padlocks^  Guns^  MMats^  Keys^  Pens^ 

Liberty  Caps,  Wheat  Sheaves.  Brokers'  Balls,  Books,  Porte-Monaies,  Sad- 
dles, Boots,  Awls  and  various  Mechanical  Tools,  and  other  devices. 

My  Watches  arc  made  of  two  solid  pieces  only,  one  of  wood,  and  the  entire  pea- 
dant  of  Iron,  making  a  durable  Sign;  others  of  Wood,  Iron.  Cast  and  Sheet  Zinc,  ac- 
cording to  necessity  and  requirement,  all  substantially  made,  faithfully  painted,  and 
gilt  with  the  best  Gold  Leaf,  and  sent  to  all  parts  of  the  United  States,  Texas,  Cali- 
fornia and  Canada,  when  ordered;  also,  on  hand,  life-size  Lions  "rampant,"  with  paw 
upon  a  Mortar,  desirable  signs  for  Druggist.*";  the  Eagles  can  have  a  Watch  suspended 
from  the  beak,  for  Jewelers;  also.  Gold  Pens;  small  Signs  and  Cards  for  Store  Win- 
dows, with  various  inscriptions  on  Tin,  Glass  and  Paper;  Pictorial  Emblematic  De- 
signs on  Swing  Boards  ready  painted,  for  the  accommodation  of  Southern  and  West- 
ern Jewelers  and  other  Merchants,  Mecbanics  and  Traders. 

Pictorial  Emblematic  and  Lettered  Store  Wlvdow  Sh.vdes,  with  appropriate 
classic  or  quaint  designs,  painted  or  gilt,  with  ornamental  borders.  Plain,  white  or 
buff  Linen  Shades  for  Parlors,  Offices,  Ac. 


SIZES  AN-D  PB.ICES  OF  WATCH  SZaiTS. 


For 


9  inch $  4.50 


12 
U 
16 

18 
20 
22 
24 
26 
27 
28 
30 
36 


6 .00 

6.60 

7-50 

9.00 

10.00 

12.00 

14.00 

16.00 

16.00 

17.00 

19.00 

25.00 


For 


9  inch $  5.50 


7.00 
8.00 
9.50 
11.00 
13.00 
15.00 
18.00 
21.00 
22.00 
23.00 
2.^.00 
30.00 


Price  of  Eacrles. 

Ist  Large  Size $60  00 

2d      "        "    50.00 

3d      "        "     ^;00 

4th     "        **     25.00 

5th     "        "     20.00 

6th  Small  Size 7.00 

7th     "        "     5.00 


Price  of  Mortars. 
36  inch $40.00 


25.00 
14.00 
10.00 


Price  of  Quns. 

12  feet $30.0* 

10    " 25.00 

8    "    20.00 


Daguerrean  Baek  Grounds,  on  hand,  or  painted  to  order,  scenery  or  plain« 

60 


HUNTER,  KELLER  &  CO., 


MANUFACTURERS     OF 


WROUGHT  IRON  PIPES, 


AND 


Finings  for  Steam,  Gas  and  Water, 

144  CENTRE  STREET, 


^  ^y      %M  MSk  W^  JL  ML  Mm  lyl  ^  m 

Hot  Water  Boilers  for  Heating  Buildings^ 

STEAM  APPARATUS  FOR  HEATING  AND   YEN- 
TILATING  HOTELS,  FACTORIES,  &c. 


EFery  fariety  of  Tools  and  Machinery  used  by  the  Trade* 


STEAM    ENGINES 


ALL  FITTINGS   REQUISITE   FOR  GAS  OR  STEAM  WORK. 

61 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  51 

organized  and  well-regulated  system  of  emigration. 
If  a  shipload  of  foreigners  arriA^ed,  the  chances  were 
that  they  were  the  dregs  of  a  Em-opean  poor-house, 
with  neither  the  inclination  nor  the  physical  ability 
for  labor;  but  if,  on  the  contrary,  they  were  of  the 
better  class  of  emigrants,  able  and  anxious  to  go 
West  and  work,  there  were  many  hindrances  to 
their  getting  thither,  and  little  or  no  means  of  com- 
municating with,  and  remitting  money  to,  the  friends 
whom  they  had  left  behind  them,  in  the  old  coun- 
try. Wm.  F.  Harnden  determined  to  remedy,  if 
possible,  all  these  difficulties.  He  had  established, 
as  we  have  said,  his  Express  offices  in  the  principal 
cities  of  England  and  France.  He  lost  no  time  in 
doing  the  like  in  Scotland,  Ireland,  and  Germany, 
and  so  arranged  it  that  Harnden  &  Co.,  at  all  their 
offices  in  the  United  States,  could  make  bills  of  ex- 
change either  upon  their  foreign  agents  or  upon  first 
class  bankers  in  all  those  cities,  for  any  amount, 
from  one  pound,  upwards,  for  the  accommodation 
of  emigrants,  who,  having  settled  and  made  a  little 
money,  desired  to  remit  it  safely  and  expeditiously 
to  friends  at  home,  to  pay  their  passage  to  America. 
Having  made  this  arrangement  widely  known, 
the  effect  of  it  was  soon  manifested,  agreeably  to 
Harnden's  expectation.  The  Irish  and  German 
residents  (but  especially  the  former,  who  are  more 
impulsive)  began  to  buy  the  bills,  and  send  home 
to  their  friends  to  join  them,  in  this  land  of  plenty. 
The  facility  of  remittance  thus  provided  by  Harn- 


52  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

den  &  Co.  (and  so  extensively  imitated  by  a  host  of 
6mall  bankers  since  that  time)  gave  a  very  decided 
impetus  to  emigration  from  Great  Britain.  It  was 
precisely  what  was  wanted  to  give  it  a  start.  Harn- 
den's  next  move  was  to  arrange  with  Enoch  Train 
&  Co.,  the  large  packet-ship  owners  in  Boston,  for 
the  cheap  conveyance  of  emigrants  from  Liverpool. 
His  next  step  was  to  contract  with  the  owners  of 
the  numerous  lines  upon  the  N.  Y.  and  Erie  Canal 
for  the  exclusive  use  of  all  their  passenger  boats. 
It  was  an  immense  monopoly,  but  never  abused, 
and  saved  the  emigrants  and  other  passengers  from 
being  confused  by  opposition  lines,  and  fleeced  by 
runners  and  other  land-sharks,  who,  prior  to  that 
time,  used  to  fatten  upon  the  plunder  of  ignorant 
travellers. 

Harnden  was  almost  as  great  a  believer  in  the 
advantages  of  publicity  as  is  the  very  liberal,  reso- 
lute, enterprising,  and  successful  Mr.  Robert  Bon- 
ner, of  the  ''New  York  Ledger,"  who  has  wrought 
so  remarkable  a  revolution  in  advertising  within  the 
last  year  or  two.  Ex.  gr. — Young  Smith,  in  H.  & 
Co.'s  Boston  ofl&ce,  received  an  order  from  Nat. 
Greene,  at  that  time,  to  get  a  thousand  white  cards 
printed,  relative  to  the  enterprise;  the  size  of  them 
to  be  somewhat  smaller  than  his  hand.  "His  hand!" 
exclaimed  Harnden,  when  he  heard  of  the  order, 
"have  them  a  foot  square,  five  thousand  of  them, 
and  the  color  red.  If  a  thing  is  worth  doing  at  all, 
it  is  worth  doing  thoroughly."    Then  writing  down 


mm\m  exchange  fire  insuraie  oompm, 

OF     THE     CITY     OF     NEW     YORK. 


OaisIx  OA.x>ita.l, 


^200,000. 


Office,  American  Exchange  Bank  Building,  cor.  Broadway  and  Cedar  Street. 

Insures  buiMings,  Merchandise,  Household  Furniture,  Rents,  Leases  and  other  personal  property,  at 
the  lowest  rates;  returning  to  the  assured  a  per  centage  in  Cash  at  the  time  of  elTecting  the  In- 
surance, in  place  of  Scrip,  as  is  the  custom  on  the  mutual  system. 

Ralph  Mead,  Jr.,  firm  of  E.  &  R.  Mead,  Jr.,  k  Co. 
James  L.  Jackson,  Iron  Works,  East  28th  Street. 
Goodwin  Lowrey,  firm  of  Lowrey,  Strang  &  Co. 
Henry  Owen,  Importer,  91  John  Street. 
Hugh  N.  Camp,  firm  of  Camp,  Bruusen  &  Sherry. 
Francis  Du  Boi.s,  89  Fulton  Street,  '       4 

N.  L.  McCready,  firm  of  McCready,  Mott  &  Co. 
jl-saac  B.  Wellington,    "     Wellington  &  Abbott. 
George  W.  Mead,      '    "     Mead  &  Taft. 
John  Hopper,  "     Hopper  &  Emerson. 

James  D.  Sparkman,    "     Sparkman  &  Truslow. 
iMoiris  Reynolds,  "210  Washington  Street,  Brooklyn. 
I  William  K.  Belcher,  firm  of  Sackett,  Belcher  &  Co. 
iJohn  R.  Graham,  "       Haws,  Graham  &  Co. 

iFrederick  M.  AUes,         "      Guille  &  Alles. 
I  Henry  Biicking,  "      H.  &  C.  I'.  Bucking. 

IThos.  S.  Whitman,         "      Whitman,  Bros,  h  Co. 


Samuel  Brown, 

William  A.  Booth,  President  of  Am.  Ex.  Bank, 
Lowell  Holbrook,  firm  of  Holbrook  ^  Nelson, 
Amasa  S.  Foster,  Banker,  267  Pearl  Street. 
Wm.  C.  Langley,  firm  of  W.  C.  Langley  &  Co. 
Wm.  M.  Richards,     "       Richards,  Haight  k  Co. 
Sheppacd  Gandy,       "      Robert  &  Williams. 
Samuel  Willets,  "      Willets  &  Co. 

Rlwin  Thome,  "      Thorne,  Watson  &  Co. 

Alexander  Studwell,  245  Broadway. 
Lewis  B.  Loder,  firm  of  Loder  k  Co. 
Wm.  Laytin,  "      Ijiytin,  Hurlbut  &Co. 

Prosper  P.  Shaw,     "      J*.  P.  Shaw  &  Co. 
Thomas  Clark.  "      Thomas  Clark  k  Co. 

William  W.  Rose,  68  Cedar  Street. 
George  H.  Studwell,  firm  of  Gillespie  &  Studwell, 
Charles  Kellogg,  »'       Brumley  h  Kellogg 

Elijah  T.  Sherman, 

George  B.  Satterlee,  49  Exchange  Place. 
Cornelius  Smith,  firm  of  Clark,  Austin  &  Smith. 
John  S.  Jenness,       "       Jcnness  &  Watson. 
Chas.  L.  Anthony,    "       Anthony,    Whittemore  & 

[Clark. 
SAJIIJEIi  BROIVX,  President. 


Silas  C.    Herring  h  Co.'Josiah  Jex,  26  Coenties  Slip. 


Edward  B  Abbott,  47  Water  Street. 
Henry  Weil,  134  Fjjsex  Street. 
Marcellus  Massey,  105  P»'arl  Street. 
William  T.  Blodgett,  firm  of  Wm.  Tilden  *  Nephew. 
Samuel  W.  Truslow,       "      William  Wall's  Sons. 
JAMES  M.  BATBS,  Secretary. 

GEO.  C.  DA  VIES,  General  Agent,  "Western  Branch,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 


C.  T.  HURLBURT^S 

437  Broome  Street, 

2d  Door  East  from  Broadway, 


HomoBopathic  Medicines,  Vials,  Cases,  &c. 

PUBLISHER    OF 

Dr.  M.  Freligh's  Homoeopathic  Practice  of  Medicine;  Dr. 
M.   Freligh's  Homoeopathic  Pocket  Compan- 
ion; and  also  of  the  United  States 
Journal  of  Homoeopathy. 

62 


H.    MEIGS,    JR., 

e  Cashier  Metropolitan  Bank. 


WM.    ALEX.     SM      T 

For  16  years  a  Member  of  the  N.  Y.  Stock  Exchanjfe 


H.  ISEieS,  Jr.,  b  SmiTH, 


U^iK 


DSiKiia 


No.  39  William   Street, 

BUY  AND  SELL,  ON  COMMISSION,  STOCKS^  BONDS,  &C.y 

NEGOTIATE  lOANS  AND  PAPEB, 

ALLOW    INTEREST    ON   DEPOSITS, 
Hake  Advances  on  Current  Securities  consigned  to  thentfor  sale« 


A  long  and  successful  experience  in  financial  affairs  justifies  them  in  offering  to 
give  useful  information  to  their  customers. 


THEY     REFER,    BY     PERMISSJON,    TO 

THE  MCTROPOLITAN  BANK . .  New  York, 

THE  MERCHANTS'  BANK Do. 

MOSES  TAYLOR,  Esq Do. 

MESSRS.  P.  HARMONY'S  NEPHEWS  k  CO Do. 

THE  PHH.ADELPHIA  BANK Pbiladelphi*. 

R.  MICKLE,  Esq.,  Cashier  Union  Bank Baltimoro. 

J,  MITTON,  Esq.  ,  Cashier,  OflBce  Northern  Bank,  Kentucky Louisrille. 

MESSRS.  KINNEY,  ESPY  &  CO Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

T.  P.  HANDY,  Esq. ,  President  Commercial  Branch  Bank Cleveland,  Ohio. 

MESSRS.  COOLBAUGH  &  BROOKS Burlington,  Iowa, 

63 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  63 

the  order  explicitly,  he  handed  it  to  Smith;  and  in 
two  weeks  afterwards  there  was  hardly  a  hotel, 
steamboat,  or  depot  in  the  United  States  in  which 
was  not  seen  one  or  more  of  those  large  showy  flam- 
ing-red placards,  announcing,  and  keeping  before 
the  people,  the  admirable  arrangement  which  Harn- 
den  &  Co.  had  consummated  for  the  passage  of  emi- 
grants from  Liverpool  to  New  York,  Buffalo,  Chi- 
cago, &c.  A  thousand  or  more,  also,  were  conspic- 
uously posted  at  the  railway  stations,  and  other 
appropriate  places,  in  England,  Ireland,  Scotland, 
and  on  the  Continent.  Harnden  employed,  too, 
numerous  passenger  agents  in  Europe,  and  used 
every  possible  means  to  make  the  laboring  class — 
and  especially  those  who  could  be  serviceable  in  the 
construction  of  railroads — appreciate  that  it  was  for 
their  interest  to  come  and  settle  in  the  Western 
world.  Probably  no  one  man  ever  did  more  to 
make  the  resources  of  the  West,  and  the  induce- 
ments to  emigrate  thither,  extensively  appreciated 
in  Great  Britain  than  William  F.  Harnden.  After 
his  death,  his  partners  were  reproached  that  in  their 
zeal  to  obtain  passengers,  they  suffered  their  foreign 
agents  to  over-rate  the  facilities  and  rewards  of  emi- 
gration; but  that  charge,  whether  true  or  false,  was 
never  made  against  Harnden  himself.  He  knew 
that  the  Labor  of  a  country  was  her  most  certain 
source  of  wealth,  and  never  was  this  unerring  law 
of  political  economy  more  manifest  than  in  tho 
United  States.     On  the  one  hand,  he  saw  his  native 


54  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

atate  of  Massachusetts,  without  either  agricultural 
or  mining  advantages,  made  rich  by  the  industry  of 
her  sons  and  daughters;  on  the  other,  he  beheld  im- 
mense prairies  in  the  Western  states  and  territories 
yielding  no  support  to  man,  but  ready  to  fill  millions 
of  barns  and  granaries  to  overflowing  with  the  abun- 
dance of  the  earth,  as  soon  as  the  hand  of  labor 
ehould  come  to  develope  their  endless  resources.  It 
was  with  the  most  heartfelt  gratification,  then,  that 
Harnden  realized  the  entire  success  of  what  may  be 
not  inaptly  called  his  Foreign  Passenger  Express. 
At  the  close  of  the  year  1844,  that  small-sized,  fra- 
gile man,  whose  constitution,  never  healthy,  was 
now  wasted  by  the  consumption  which  was  rapidly 
measuring  the  little  remnant  of  life  yet  left  to  him, 
had  the  satisfaction  of  knowing  that  he  had  been 
the  direct  means  of  bringing  from  the  Old  World 
more  than  100,000  hard-handed  laborers,  and  de- 
positing them  in  that  now  magnificent  portion  ,of 
our  country  where  their  work  was  most  wanted,  for 
the  cultivation  of  the  soil,  and  the  construction  of 
railways  and  canals.  He  had  no  bodily  strength, 
himself,  for  that  sublime  work  which  has  since  made 
the  West  an  incalculably  productive  farm,  traversed 
in  all  directions  by  over  ten  thousand  miles  of  rail- 
road, and  affording  happy  homes  to  millions  of  peo- 
ple; but  yet  (and  it  was  his  consolation  in  the  last 
hours  of  his  brief,  but  active  and  eventful  career) 
he  had  brought  more  muscle  to  that  prodigious  la- 
bor than  any  Hercules  among  them  all. 


HALLET,  DAVIS  &  GO'S 


CELEBRATED 


(IRAIND,  PARLOR  (iRAND  &  S<IVARE 

Iz; 
o 

P 
O 

37  First  Premiums  taken  within  15  years. 


IW  AND  mOl-HAND  PIAM  TO  LET 

and  Rent  applied  if  purchased  or  8oId  on  instalments* 


Great  Bapins  given  in  Second-liand  Pianos  &  Melodeons. 

T.  S.  BERRY,  458  Broadway, 

Comer  of  Grand  St.,  (Marble  Building.) 
54 


SEALEir    &    LEi:, 


MANUFACTURERS   OF 


attitt  ^kxtmtops 


EXHIBITING  from  25  to  200  VIEWS, 
127  E1.*W  STREET^ 

Cor.  Howard  St.,  ^IH  ^®^1^, 


ALLyil  HOUSE 

Hartford,  €«nn. 


Chas.  Deyens,  Jr. 


Proprietor. 


Asylum  SL  cor.  TrninbulISL 

AND  NRARKST 

HOTEL  TO  THE  DEPOT. 


COMMISSION    DEALERS    IN 


Fruits,  and  all  kinds  of  Country  Produce, 

POEK,  BEEF,  CALVES,  MDTTCN,  POULTRY, 

liiSi  IHlTlii  EiliSii  tilDi  &i«i  &ii| 

214  and  2T5  West  Wasbiiigtou  Market,  foot  of  Fulton  Street, 


Orders  for  Shippinp:  promptly  attended  to.    Reference:  Messrs.  Jones  &  Shepard. 
Favorable  terms  will  be  made  with  Express  Agents  offering  consignments. 

Jared  S.  Weart. 
55 


JosiAH  C.  Hunt. 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  55 

But  great  as  was  the  moral  triumph  of  Harnden 
&  Co.'s  foreign  operations,  they  were  not  remuner- 
ative pecuniarily.  Their  agencies,  and  other  ma- 
chinery, abroad,  were  expensive,  and  it  is  possible 
that  the  disbursements  might  have  been  less  lavish, 
with  no  detriment  to  their  efficiency;  but  Harnden 
was  liberal  in  everything,  and  it  afforded  him  pleas- 
ure to  have  all  in  his  employ  share  his  prosperity. 
The  idea  seems  to  be  regarded  as  exploded  in  these 
days,  but  it  was  Harnden's  opinion  that  the  surest 
means  to  render  his  men  zealous  in  the  work,  and 
honest  under  every  temptation,  was  to  pay  them 
generously  for  their  services.  Governed  by  this 
rule  of  action,  he  certainly  succeeded  in  obtaining 
the  hearty  co-operation  of  all  his  employees — agents, 
clerks,  messengevs,  and  drivers — and  was  singularly 
fortunate  in  never  losing  a  dollar  by  any  want  of 
fidelity  on  their  part.  In  their  respective  depart- 
ments, nearly  all  of  them  were  remarkable  for  abil- 
ity. It  was,  indeed,  a  period  in  which  the  Express 
business — or  perhaps  we  should  say  its  projectors 
and  managers — had  infused  some  of  their  own  elec- 
trical vitality  into  every  man  in  their  employ.  Un- 
doubtedly, the  work  itself  being  novel,  exciting  and 
popular,  was  well  calculated  to  create,  and  keep 
ahve,  a  strong  esprit  du  corps.  The  value  and  im- 
portance of  that  sentiment,  however  lightly  it  may 
be  esteemed  in  the  present  well-established  condi- 
tion of  the  Express  service,  (to  which,  by  the  way, 
we,  ourselves,  consider  it  as  essential  as  ever,)  were 


56  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

not  overlooked  by  Harnden;  and  so  successfully  did 
he  encourage  and  foster  it,  that  his  men  would  make 
any  sacrifice  of  personal  ease  and  necessary  rest  to 
please  him;  and  though  it  is  now  thirteen  years 
since  he  died,  there  is  not  one  of  them  living  who 
does  not  speak  of  him  with  affectionate  regard. 

In  the  summer  of  1842  or  '43,  L.  W.  Winches- 
ter (now  and  for  some  years  past  the  agent)  was  a 
clerk  in  Harnden  &  Co.'s  New  York  office.  No.  3 
Wall  Street.  He  had  previously  been  engaged  in 
similar  business.  In  a  year  or  two,  the  office  was 
removed  to  No.  6  Wall  Street,  Luke  Damon  acting 
as  agent  of  the  Eastern  business,  and  Winchester 
as  agent  of  the  Philadelphia  Express.  In  the  win- 
ter of  1843-4,  Harnden  &  Co.  had  a  disagreement 
with  the  Camden  and  Amboy  R.  R.  Co.,  and  were 
easily  induced  to  make  a  sale  of  their  Philadelphia 
Express  to  Geo.  Hatch  and  Geo.  0.  Bartlett. 

We  have  already  said  that  H.  &  Co.  under-rated 
the  value  of  their  home  Expresses,  so  full  were 
their  minds  of  the  superior  magnitude  of  their  for- 
eign operations.  They  were  receiving,  and  sending 
to  the  West,  scores  of  ship-loads  of  emigrants,  and 
actually  had  under  their  control  the  bulk  of  the  for- 
eign passenger  business.  The  senior  partner  used 
to  say  to  his  friends,  that  when  his  plans  were  per- 
fected, every  emigrant  arriving  in  New  York  and 
Boston  would  be  consigned  to  Harnden  &  Co. 

Geo.  Hatch  &  Co.,  failing  to  comply  with  the 
terms  of  their  purchase,  the  Philadelphia  Express 


"  Mj  object  is  to  call  attention  to  the  fact,  that  a  Policj  of  Life  Insurance  is  the  cheapest  an 
safest  mode  of  making  a  certain  provision  for  one's  family.  "—Benjamin  Fbankun. 

"  One  should  insure  in  health,  as  sickness  may  suddenly  overtake  the  most  robust,  and  dis- 
qualify him  for  insurance." 

"  Life  Insurance  the  best  investment.  If  long  lived,  the  insured  obtains  a  good  interest  on  the 
premium  paid,  in  cash  dividends,  and  in  most  instances  a  very  large  return  for  a  small  outlay. 
In  case  of  death  there  is  a  great  advantage  over  Savings  Banks." 

"The  average  length  of  human  life  is  only  Thirty-three  Years.  Of  500  persons,  only  1  live* 
80  years,  and  of  100,  only  6  live  65  years." 


^ei0  (Kngfetti  fife  Insurance  €a. 

rURBL-Sr  MUTVAZi .  - .  BOSTOir,  HXASS. 


Accumulated  Capital,  January,  1860,  over  -     -     -     •     $1,400,000 

This  remains  after  payingr  Losses,  (during  lo  yean,)  amounting  to  over    $738,000 
And  Dividends  in  CASH  to  the  Policy  holders,  amountinsr  to  600,000 


WILL.ARD  PHILLIPS,  President. 


S)  s  m  IE  ©  "S*  ©  3B.  ^ 


Charles  P.  Curtis, 
Marshall  P.  Wilder, 
Thomas  A.  DsxTtB, 


Sewell  Tappan, 
Charles  Hubbard, 
William  B.  Reynolds, 
James  Sturois. 

B.  F.  STEVENS,  Secretary. 


A.  W.  Thaxter,  Jr., 
George  H.  Folger, 
Francis  C.  Lowell, 


The  surplus  is  divided  among  all  the  policy  holders,  in  CASH,  thus 
affording  a  good  and  certain  rate  of  interest  upon  the  outlay  of  pre- 
miums, and  avoiding  the  large  and  unnecessary  accumulations  of  un- 
paid dividends  of  uncertain  tendency,  and  erroneously  called  capital. 

One  half  of  the  first  five  annual  premiums  on  life  policies  loaned  to 
insurers,  if  desired;  the  remaining  half  may  be  paid  quarterly. 

The  premiums  are  as  low  as  those  of  any  reliable  Company. 

]Bl&*This  is  the  oldest  American  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Com- 
pany j  was  established  in  1843,  has  had  an  uninterrupted  success,  and 
is  purely  Mutual,  dividing  all  the  surplus  profits  among  all  the 
Insured, 

Insurance  may  be  effected  for  the  benefit  of  married  women,  be- 
yond the  reach  of  their  husbands'  creditors.  Creditors  may  insure 
the  lives  of  debtors. 

Blank  form  of  application  for  Insurance,  or  the  Company^s  Pam- 
phlet, containing  the  charter,  rules  and  regulations,  also  the  annual  re- 
ports, showing  the  condition  of  the  Company,  will  be  furnished  gratis, 
upon  application  by  post  or  personally. 

BRAJVCH  OFFICE  LV  JSTEW  YORK  CITY, 

Metropolitan  Bank  Building,  110  Broadway,  cor.  Pine  St. 
JOBrr  BOPFER,  AgoMt  and  Attorney. 

56 


YORK  RAIL  ROAD  AGENCY, 


33  Pine  Street. 


A.  S.  &  A.  G.  WHITON, 

AGENTS  FOR  THE   SALE   OP 

MIL  ROID  IRON,  CHAIRS,  SPIKES,  BOLTS,  RIVETS, 

Locomotives,  Stationary  and  Portable  Engines;  Passenger,  Freight 
and  Hand  Cars,  Wheels,  Axles,  Tire,  Steel,  Volute  and  Rub- 
ber Springs,  Rubber  Goods,  Belting,  Hose,  &c..  Locomo- 
tive and  Hand  Lanterns,  Cotton  Duck  for  Car  Covers, 
Oil  Cloth,  Car  Head  Linings,  Steam  and  Water 
Guagcs,  W^aste,  Switch  and  Car  Locks,  Bag- 
gage Checks,  Switch  Stands,  Oil,  Safety 
Fuse,    Powder,    Shovels,    Picks, 
Barrows,  Hydraulic  Cement. 

Engineers'  and  Surveyors'  Instruments, 

Transits,  Levels,  Rods,  Chains,  Drawing  Instruments,  Express  Mes- 
sengers' Safes,  Telegraph  Instruments  and  Wire. 

Paints,   Oils  and  Artists'  Materials,  Hose  Carriages,  Hook  and 

Ladder  Trucks,  Plate  Window  Glass,  Colored  and  Rough 

Glass,  and  all  materials  used  in  the  construction, 

equipment  and  operating  of  Railways. 

Having  had  experience  as  Civil  Engineers  in  the  construction  of  Rail- 
ways, and  as  Superintendents  in  operating  them,  we  offer  our  services  as 
Manufacturers'  Agents,  with  the  confident  belief  that  we  can  serve  the  in- 
terests of  those  who  favor  us  with  their  orders. 

We  sell,  in  all  cases,  at  Manufacturers'  prices.  Oar  experience  and 
position  here,  at  the  head  of  the  market,  enable  us  to  judge  correctly  as  to 
quality  and  value  of  Machinery  and  articles  in  which  we  deal. 

57 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  5T 

reverted,  after  the  lapse  of  a  few  months,  to  Harn- 
den  &  Co.,  who  run  it  for  a  time,  and  then  sold  it 
to  Johnston  Livingston  and  William  A.  Livingston. 
In  a  month  or  two,  the  latter  sold  out  to  the  for- 
mer, and  went  to  Albany,  where  he  engaged  in  the 
Express  business.  We  shall  have  occasion  to  allude 
to  him  in  another  part  of  this  work. 

Livingston  &  Co.'s  New  York  and  Philadelphia 
Express  remained  in  the  hands  of  Johnston  Livings- 
ton for  several  years,  until,  indeed,  it  resumed  its 
original  name. 

James  Stuart,  then  a  lad,  was  employed  in  the 
New  York  office  of  Harnden  &  Co.  at  that  time, 
and  has  continued  in  it  ever  since. 

In  the  winter  of  1844-5,  it  became  evident  that 
Wm.  F.  Harnden  could  not  survive  until  spring.  In 
vain  had  he  sought  relief  in  a  more  genial  Southern 
clime;  vain  was  the  skill  of  the  best  physicians — im- 
potent to  save  him  were  the  incessant  attentions  of 
his  affectionate  wife  and  friends.  He  met  his  fate 
firmly,  on  the  14th  day  of  January,  1845,  aged 
thirty-three,  and  was  buried  at  Mount  Auburn,  near 
Boston.  A  simple  marble  monument  marks  the 
spot  where  his  remains  were  deposited.  Besides 
his  widow  and  children,  there  was  a  large  circle  of 
friends  who  sincerely  lamented  his  premature  death. 
He  had  been  a  dutiful  son,  a  tender  husband,  and  a 
kind  father;  a  pleasant  associate,  an  agreeable  neigh- 
bor, and  a  good  citizen.  Still  more,  he  was  a  lib- 
eral, yet  judicious,  friend  to  the  poor. 


58  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

His  European  affairs  were  a  source  of  anxiety  to 
Harnden  upon  his  death-bed.  His  only  desire  to 
live  appeared  to  be  that  he  might  see  his  foreign 
enterprise  attain  to  a  good  and  permanent  basis. 
Possibly,  he  hoped  to  put  his  Express  system  into 
operation  upon  one  or  more  of  the  railways  in  En- 
gland, but  probably  the  one  grand  purpose  and  dar- 
ling object  of  his  heart  was  the  monopoly  of  the 
emigration  business. 

It  was  the  popular  notion,  at  his  decease,  that  he 
had  accumulated  wealth;  but  the  fact  was,  that  he 
died  poor.  His  personal  and  family  expenses  had 
been  large,  and  he  had  been  a  liberal  giver.  His 
European  business  had  required  an  immense  out- 
lay, and  he  had  little  or  no  return  for  his  invest- 
ments. At  his  death,  it  devolved  upon  his  partner, 
Dexter  Brigham,  Jr.,  who  soon  associated  with  him- 
self several  gentlemen  of  ability,  experience,  and 
capital,  viz:  Robert  Osgood,  I.  C.  Kendall,  and  John 
W.  Fenno.  It  was  then  a  distinct  property  from 
the  rest  of  Harnden  &  Co.^s  business,  which  consist- 
ed of  their  Express  between  New  York  and  Boston. 
In  about  a  year  after  Wm.  F.  Harnden's  death,  the 
home  Express  was  disposed  of  to  Messrs.  Brigham, 
Blake,  Cooledge,  and  Wheeler.  At,  or  nearly  at, 
the  same  time,  Kendall  retired  from  the  European 
house,  while  it  still  appeared  to  be  in  the  full  tide 
of  prosperity,  though  it  no  longer  retained  any  of 
its  original  Express  character.  Blake,  also,  retired 
from  the  Express  firm  here,  and  was  succeeded  by 


:PHii.A.r)Er,T>iii^ 

IPilf  IIMlFliC  ST  ICI  lIMf . 

ESTABLISHED  BY  MYRON  SHEW,  1846. 

A.   P.   BEECHER, 

Importer,  Mannfaetnrer  and  Dealer  in 

No.  322  Chesivut  Street, 

Philadelphia^  Pa. 

Always  on  hand  an  extensive  and  complete  assortment  of 

1  MESTli  IT  m\  IT  FAIR  Ai  IMSIMBII  MIS. 

The  Operator  or  Amateur  can  here  obtain  everything  that  has  been 
found  useful  in  his  practice. 

as  well  as  all  the  most  approved  Chemicals  used  in  the  art  of  Photography. 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  MATERIALS  THROUGHOUT, 

on  the  lowest  terms, 

Consisting  of  Cameras,  Camera  Boxes,  Plate-Holders,  Copying  Frames, 

Paper  of  the  best  makers  and  most  approved,  Portrait  Frames,  Passe 

Partouts,  Embossed  Bristol  Boards  for  mounting  Photographs, 

Glass  Ware,  Gutta  Percha  Goods, 


la^g    (^€c 


9    ^^^i'^od 
and  every  article  wanted  by  the  Trade  or  Operator. 

IMPORTER  OF  THE  CELEBRATED  JAMIN  CAMERAS. 

Orders  attended  to  with  care  and  dispatch. 

58 


^t  ganhcrs'  ^agape  anlr  Statistital  ^Ifijistcr, 

Monthly,  Five  Dollars  per  annum. 

From  the  Bank  of  Charleston,  S.  O. 

The  Bank  or  Cuaklmton,  S.  C,  Charleston,  February  23,  1860. 
J,  Smith  Homaks,  Esq..  Editor,  New-York  : 

Dear  Sir.— I  have  duly  received  the  copy  of  the  "Bankers'  Register,"  for  1S60,  for  which  I  am  obliged. 
We  have  been  using  the  work  for  several  years,  and  I  take  pleasure  in  stating  Ihat.l  regard  it  as  a  very  useful 
and  valuable  book  lo  bank  oflBcera,  and  one  that  I  would  not  dispense  with  willingly. 

Yours  respectfully, 

J.  Chkesboeough,  Cashier. 


From  the  Cashier  of  the  New- York  State  Bank,  Albany. 

Nkw-Yokk  Statk  Bakk,  Albany,  February  20,  1860. 
J.  Smito  Homaks,  Esq.: 

Dear  Sir,— I  embrace  this  opportunity  to  commend  the  *'  Merchants  and  Bankers'  Register,"  published 
annually  by  yon.  It  contains,  in  convenient  shape  for  reference,  much  desirable  statistical  and  other  matter. 
Judiciously  selected  and  condensed  ;  the  work  being  thus  rendered  one  whoso  merits  entitle  it  to  perpetuity. 

Very  respectfully  yours, 

J.  H.  Vak  ANTWBBr,  Cashier. 


From  the  Merchants*  Bank,  Providence. 

Mercuantb'  Bank,  Providence,  February  18,  1880. 
J.  SMirn  Homaks,  Jr.,  E?q. : 

Dear  Sir,— I  have  used  the  "  Merchants  and  Bankers'  Register,"  published  by  you,  for  a  number  of  years, 
and  as  a  book  of  reference  for  most  matters  connected  with  the  details  of  the  business  of  a  bank  officer.  I  con- 
sider it  almost  indispensable.  I  havo  always  found  it  very  reliable  upon  all  matters  about  which  I  have  had 
occasion  to  consult  it  Very  respectfully  yours, 

^______^  C.  T.  RoBBiKS,  Cashier. 

Agricttltueal  Bank.  IIerkimeb,  N.  Y. 

W©  prize  the  work  very  highly,  and  are  very  desirous  of  having  it  complete,  that  it  may  be  bound  and  pre- 
served. The  information  it  contains  on  the  subjects  of  banking  and  finance  is  invaluable  to  Ihe  banker,  the 
merchant  and  the  financier. 

September,  1850.  _ 

CiiiTTBAt.  Bank  o»  Trot,  N.  Y.,  February  6,  1853. 
J.  B.  IIoMAifB,  Jb.  : 

Dear  Sir,— I  herewith  enclose  $1  25  in  payment  of  "  Bankers' Register"  for  1S5S,  received  on  the  8d  inst. 
It  is  a  work  of  great  value,  a»d  should  bb  in  thk  uak  os  or  kvebt  business  man  and  bankbb. 

Kespecifully  yours, 
John  B.  Kellogo,  Cashisr. 

From  the  Cashier  of  the  Bank  of  North  America,  Boston. 

Bank  of  Nouth  America,  Boston,  December  20th,  1859. 
The  *' Bankers' Magazine  "  is  a  periodical  which  is  as  essential  to  bank  officers,  who  mean  to  keep  posted 
in  every  thing  relating  to  tliclr  duties,  as  Blackstone  to  a  student  at  law.  I  have  seen  copies  of  the  Magazine 
which  contained  the  decision  of  cases  which  was  worth  the  year's  subscription.  It  Is  not  possible  that  every 
number  should  contain  information  wanted  by  all,  and  because  one  may  not  see  tho  article  that  suits  his  case, 
or  upon  which  he  desires  information.  It  may  contain  what  would  suit  a  dozen  others.  I  undertake  to  say, 
that  any  person  who  has  the  work  bound  to  refer  to,  will  find  any  information  he  may  stand  in  need  of  coa- 
corning  banks  and  banking.    Please  continue  my  subscription.  Respectfully  yours, 

JoBir  K.  Hau,  Cathie, 


From  Messrs.  Hurst  &  Brobston,  Notaries  Public,  Philadelphia. 

PuiLADKLFniA,  January  81, 18(J0. 
J.  SMirn  Homans,  Jr.,  Esq.: 

Dear  Sir,— Please  find  enclosed  fl  25  for  the  Bankers'  Register,  received  by  us  some  dayc  since.  The  only 
important  omission  in  this  numlwr  Is  the  absence  of  the  alphabetical  list  of  Cashiers,  which  you  furnish  in  the 
number  of  last  year.  I  suppose  the  changes  are  not  frequent  enough  to  require  you  to  repeat  it  every  year, 
but  we  would  respectfully  suggest  that  it  is  loo  valuable  a  part  of  tour  truly  taluable  book  to  be  entirely 
omitted.  Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servants. 

Hurst  ds  Bbobstoh. 

From  the  Cashier  of  the  Philadelphia  Bank. 

Philadelphia  Bank,  Philadelphia,  February  11,  1860. 
J.  SMmz  Homans,  Esq.,  New-York: 

Dear  Sir.— I  felt  that  we  could  not  afford  to  lose  the  "  Bankers'  Register  "  for  166i>,  so,  as  it  did  not  reach 
me  early,  I  send  for  it.  I  consider  it  valuable.  Probably  it  would  gratify  many  who  use  it,  if  the  legal  rate  of 
intcre?t  in  each  State,  and  the  custom  and  law  relative  to  grace  on  sight  checks  and  drafts,  and  the  liability  of 
the  agent  who  holds  time  bills  twenty-four  hours  or  more  without  acceptance,  were  added  to  it. 

Yours  respectfully, 

__________^  B.  B.  COMIOTS. 

Bajoe  or  MoBiLB,  February  16, 1860. 
J.  Smith  Homans,  Esq. : 

Dear  Sir,— I  have  been  a  reader  of  the  "  Bankers*  Magazine"  for  many  years,  and  take  pleasure  in  recom- 
mending it  as  eminently  useful  (I  might  almost  venture  to  say  indispensable)  to  bank  officers,  as  well  as  con- 
taining many  articles  of  interest  and  mformation  (or  business  men  generally. 
.  Yours  very  respectfully, 

'^  J.  B.  Ganx,  Cashier. 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  b'J 

C.  H.  Valentine,  who  adhered  to  it  about  two  years. 
Dexter  Brigham,  Jr.,  sold  out  in  the  meantime. 
Subsequently,  Cooledge  and  Valentine  induced 
Wheeler  to  sell  his  interest  to  them.  In  1850,  or 
about  that  time,  J.  M.  Thompson,  of  Springfield, 
Mass.,  purchased  Valentine's  interest;  and  Johnston 
Livingston  and  L.  W.  Winchester  negotiated  for  the 
purchase  of  Cooledge 's.  The  result  of  it  all  was, 
however,  that  the  Harnden  Express  between  Bos- 
ton and  N^ew  York  became  the  property  of  J.  M. 
Thompson,  Johnston  Livingston,  S.  M.  Shoemaker, 
E.  S.  Sanford,  and  L.  W.  Winchester,  jointly,  under 
the  style  of  Thompson,  Livingston  &  Co.  Winches- 
ter was  constituted  manager  of  the  New  York  of- 
fice. C.  H.  Valentine  afterwards  started  an  Express 
at  St.  Louis,  but  for  a  year  or  two  past  has  resided 
in  this  city,  as  New  York  superintendent  of  a  large 
Western  and  South  Western  freight  forwarding 
business. 

In  the  meantime,  Messrs.  Brigham,  Fenno,  and 
Osgood  remained  in  the  foreign  business,  under  the 
style  of  Harnden  &  Co.  It  is  only  because  it  was 
so  styled  that  we  again  allude  to  it,  for  it  was  no 
longer  anything  more  than  a  banking  and  commis- 
sion house.  Our  old  Express  friend,  Luke  Damon, 
however,  was  a  clerk  in  their  Liverpool  counting- 
room,  as  late,  we  believe,  as  1849  or  '50.  In  1851, 
some  ill-advised  operations  in  building  and  starting 
a  line  of  steamships  between  Boston  and  England, 
and   investments  in   East  Boston   stock,  crippled 


60  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

them  completely,  and  they  were  obliged  to  cave  in. 
The  failure  was  for  a  very  heavy  amount,  and  the 
dividend  to  creditors  was  only  nominal. 

Thompson,  Livingston,  Sanford,  and  Shoemaker 
were  all  experienced,  energetic  and  shrewd  Express 
managers,  and  Winchester  had  been  familiar  with 
the  office  routine  and  customers  of  Harnden  &  Co. 
for  more  than  seven  years.  With  such  a  force  be- 
hind it,  the  Harnden  Express  once  more  offered  a 
strong  competition  to  the  powerful  firm  of  Adams 
&Co. 

In  1851,  James  De  Martin,  a  merchant  in  Savan- 
nah, Ga.,  became  associated  with  L.  W.  Winches- 
ter in  a  semi-weekly  Express  between  New  York 
and  that  city,  which  was  dispatched  regularly  by  S. 
L.  Mitchell's  steamships.  Soon  afterwards  Johnston 
Livingston  obtained  an  interest  in  it,  and  the  firm 
became  Livingston,  Winchester  &  Co.  It  proved  a 
success,  and  its  operation  rapidly  extended  to  Co- 
lumbus, Macon,  Montgomery,  &c.  Nor  has  it  ceas- 
ed to  grow  in  usefulness  and  importance. 

Shortly  afterwards,  the  Harnden  Express  propri- 
etors started  an  Express  between  New  York  and 
New  Orleans  and  Mobile,  by  steamships,  in  opposi- 
tion to  Adams  &  Co.'s  business  in  that  quarter, 
which  had  been  commenced  a  year  or  two  before 
by  Stimson  &  Co.  Thompson,  Livingston  &  Co. 
established  agencies  in  New  Orleans,  Mobile  and 
Texas,  and  their  Express  became  very  useful  to  the 
merchants  of  the  South  Western  states. 


W.  H.  LEE  &  CO. 

WARE  BOOMS 

^..^  199  FultoD  Street, 
r^  N.Y. 


J.  U.  OTTER. 


WAREROOMS. 


In  connection  with  their  present  stock  of  Cabinet  Work,  they  have  in  their 

IVarerooms,  ]¥o.  199  Fulton  St.,  X.  IT., 

A  general  assortment  of  BEDDING  of  EVERY  DESCRIPTION:  also  Putnam's 
Spring  Beds,  Elliptic  Spring  Beds,  all  kinds  of  Cane  Seat  Lounges,  Settees,  Arm  Chairs, 
Ac;  Enameled  Sets  in  all  colors,  Office,  Bank  and  Counting-room  Furniture,  &c. 

60 


£3:s::oe3Xj  s  xo 


PATENT  COHDAGE  CO., 


BROOKLYN,    N.  Y. 


The  subscribers  having  been  appointed  Agents  of  the  EXCELSIOR  PATENT 
CORDAGE  CO.,  (Messrs.  J.  Atkins  A  Co.  relinquishing  the  agency  from  this  date,) 
beg  to  call  attention  to  the  superior  quality  of  Cordage  made  by  this  Company. 

The  Patent  Machines,  of  which  they  have  the  exclusive  control  and  use,  are 
capable  of  producing 


'§ap  ai  all  si^es  rquto  kx  S|ip 

and  other  purposes,  which,  after  abundant  experience,  they  confidently  recommend 
as  possessing  in  an  eminent  degree  uniformity  of  lay,  which  it  retains  to  the  end, 
perfect  flexibility  and  freedom  from  kinking)  consequently  combining  the  greatest 
possible 


STRENGTH  AND  OURABtUTV  IN  WEAR. 

This  Rope  is  now  exclusively  used  on  several  of  the  largest  lines  of  European 
Packet  Ships,  giving  in  every  instance  the  best  satisfaction. 

An  assortment  of  the  different  sizes  can  always  be  delivered  at  short  notice,  and 
will  be  sold  at  the  lowest  market  price,  and  on  liberal  terms. 

HOWLAND   &    FROTHINGHAM, 

106  Wall  Street. 

61 


EXPRESS    HISTORY.  61 

The  Harnden  Express  is  now  regarded  as  a 
great  institution,  in  the  Southern  States,  as  well  as 
North  and  East. 

L.  W.  "Winchester  is  the  able  Superintendent, 
and  Geo.  Knower  the  Cashier,  at  the  New  York 
office:  A.  Sprague  has  been  for  some  years  the 
Agent  at  Boston. 


THE  ADAMS  EXPRESS  COMPANY. 


When  we  consider  the  vast  extension  of  the  Ex- 
press service,  both  in  area  and  importance,  since 
the  death  of  Harnden,  we  cannot  but  wonder  that 
so  gigantic  a  growth  should  have  sprung  from  the 
enterprise  and  persevering  energy  of  a  few  men 
who  began  the  good  work,  with  neither  capital  nor 
rich  relations,  nor  high  social  position  to  back  them. 
Indeed,  more  than  one  of  them  had  not  enjoyed 
even  the  advantages  of  a  first-rate  common  school 
education.  Several  of  the  most  successful  com- 
menced their  business  with  scarcely  a  dollar  to  their 
names,  and  all  have  to  congratulate  themselves  that 
they  have  attained  to  their  present  standing,  not  by 
any  adventitious  aids,  but  solely  by  their  own  per- 
sonal talents,  united  to  the  most  indefatigable  appli- 
cation to  the  work.  The  labor  has  not  all  been 
manual,  as  many  imagine;  they  have  performed  a 


62  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

great  deal  of  head'-wovk,  and  the  result  is  a  degree 
of  harmony  in  the  operation  of  the  Express  service 
throughout  the  whole  country,  notwithstanding  the 
different,  and  oftentimes  apparently  opposing,  in- 
terests of  the  numerous  proprietors. 

Mere  executive  men  could  never  have  brought 
the  business  to  the  prominent  and  influential  posi- 
tion which  it  now  holds  in  every  considerable  com- 
munity. Fortunately  for  its  early  success,  it  was 
not  retarded  by  faUing  into  the  hands  of  persons 
competent  only  to  run  of  errands  and  deliver  par- 
cels. Mind,  as  well  as  muscle — mental  sagacity,  as 
well  as  physical  energy,  were  demanded  for  its 
development. 

Alvin  Adams,  happily,  united  in  his  own  person  both 
of  those  characteristics.  He  had  the  iron  constitu- 
tion, and  the  aspect  of  health,  which  he  had  brought 
with  him  from  his  native  home  among  the  mountains 
of  Vermont,  twenty  years  before,  when  he  came  to 
Boston,  a  fatherless  and  motherless  boy,  to  seek  his 
fortune;  and  he  had,  too,  the  clear  head  and  strong 
intellect  for  which  the  people  of  the  Green  Hills  are 
famous.  His  fifteen  or  twenty  years  of  experience 
in  Boston,  before  he  started  in  the  Express  business 
with  P.  B.  Burke,  had  been  marked  by  every  variety 
of  fortune,  but  he  had  never  attained  to  wealth. 
Beginning  it  in  the  humble  situation  of  an  assistant 
in  the  Lafayette  Hotel,  his  intelligence,  regularity, 
temperance,  and  habits  of  industry  speedily  secured 
his  promotion,  and  rendered  him  an  invaluable  aid 


F.    C.    KEMPTON, 

SUCCESSOR  TO 

JOHN  M.  DAVIES  &  CO., 
106  WILI^IAITI  STREET,  cor.  JOHi¥, 

WILL  HAVE  AT  ALL  TIMES  A  FULL  ASSORTMENT  OF 

Htfit's  Jfurnisljing  §mh, 

OF  THE  BEST  QUALITIES,  AS 

HOSIERY  OF  ALL  KINDS, 

SCARFS,  CRAVATS  AND  TIES,  ROBES-DE-CHAMBRE,  &e. 

SEEIRTS. 

Particular  attention  is  given  to  the  manufacture  of 

Jfine  6l)irt0  to  ox^tx  from  Ittcaattre, 

THE  FIT  AND  "WORKMANSHIP  GUARANTEED  IN  EVERY    PARTICULAR. 


DIRECTIONS  FOR  MEASUREMENT.— Size  around  the  neck;  largest  part 
around  chest:  length  of  arm  from  centre  of  back  to  end  of  wristband;  size  of  wrist; 
height  of  person,  and  wishes  as  regard9  Collar  and  st^le  of  Bosom,  &c. 


All  orders  by  Express  Companies  promptly  attended  to. 
62 


*  MADE     BY     THE 

AMERICAN  WATCH  COMPANY, 

AT  WALTHAin,  IHaiss. 


Attention  is  invited  to  the  following  statement  and  the  accompanying  letters  of 
recommendation  and  testimonials  in  tavor  of  these  celebrated  Watches. 

A  Gold  Medal  was  awarded  the  Company  by  the  American  Institute  at  New  York 
in  1857. 

The  Company  also  received  the  first  premium — a  Gold  Medal — from  the  Franklin 
Institute.  Philadelphia,  in  1858. 

These  Watches  have  now  been  in  market  for  nearly  ten  years,  during  which  time 
they  have  been  tested  as  to  accuracy,  durability,  and  reliability  in  every  conceivable 
manner,  and  have  proved  themselves  to  be  the  most  satisfactory  time-pieces  ever 
offered  to  the  public. 

This  result  has  been  brought  about  by  a  strict  application  of  mechauical  science  in 
the  construction  of  the  Watch  from  its  very  inception,  rendering  it,  when  finished, 
mathematically  correct  in  all  its  proportions,  and  necessarily  as  perfect  a  time-keeper 
aa  it  is  possible  to  make. 

The  Company  have  tested  their  Watches  in  many  instances  by  actual  daily  noting, 
and  the  result  of  this  test  ha^  been  that  they  have  exhitited  a  rate  equal  in  regularity 
to  the  best  marine  chronometer. 

N.  B. — We  have  just  introduced  a  new  style  of  Watch,  elaborately  finished,  and 
thinner  than  any  we  have  hitherto  produced,  with  several  improvements  calculated 
to  insure  the  greatest  accuracy  of  performance,  aud  to  prevent  the  usual  accidents 
and  derangements  to  which  foreign  Watches  are  liable. 


Letter  from  Paul  Morphy^  the  celebrated  Chess  Player. 

Nkw  YoitK.  October  5.  1859. 
Mr.  R.  E.  RoBBiNs,  Treasurer  American  Watch  Co. — Dear  Sir  :  The  American  Watch,  No.  9*240,  pre- 
sented me  by  the  New  Y<»rk  ChenH  Club,  has  proved  to  be  a  most  reliable  and  accurate  timekeeper — 
almost  unnecesHarily  so  for  ordinary  purpones.  It  i:i  now  nearly  five  months  since  it  came  into  my  poa- 
sessiou,  and  during  that  peiicd  itH  variation  from  standard  time  has  been  but  a  tritle  more  than  » 
quarter  of  a  minute.     The  following  is  a  record  of  its  performance.     It  was  ^et  June  3d  correctly: 

June  15 fast  2  sees.  )  July  15 fast  6  sees.  I  August  15.. fast    9  sees.  I  Sept.  15 fast  14  sees. 

July  1 "    >>     "     JAugustl...    '•     8     "     I  .-ept.  1 "12     '•     |  Oct.      1 •'     16     " 

I  give  you  permission  to  make  such  use  of  this  statement  aa  you  may  think  proper. 

I  am,  with  respect,  yours  truly,  hAUL  MORPHY. 

R.  E.  RoBBihs.  Esq.,  Nkw  Havkn.  Ct.,  S  pt.  *J7. 

Dear  Sir: — Yours  of  the  23d  was  duly  received.  In  reply  I  would  say  that  the  American  Watch,  No. 
6939,  has  proved  itself  one  of  the  best  watches  for  railway  purpo.<e!».  (I  have  taken  pains  to  note  the 
exact  time  it  made.  From  June  Mlh  to  July  12th,  it  had  lost  just  fix  seconds  a  day  in  24  hours;  and 
from  July  12th  to  Sept.  1st  it  had  lost  but  eiglit  seconds  in  24  hours.) 

The  American  Watch,  in  my  opinion,  is  far  better  than  any  watch  I  have  used  for  the  last  fourteen 
years  on  railroads.  I  remain,  respectfully  yours, 

G.  A.  FULLER,  Conductor  N  H.,  H.  k  S.  R.  R. 

Amkricax  Watch  Company,  Walthaw,  OmcB  ok  thk  Tribc.ve,  New  York.  Oct.  C7.  1859. 

Oenllemen :—'ii&ywe  carried  one  of  yoiir  watches  for  tne  last  eighteen  mouths.  I  can  say  confidently 
that  they  will  do,  and  may  be  bought  with  assurance  that  thoy  will  keep  lime.  I  believe  the  watch  un- 
surpassed. HORACE  GRELU:Y. 

R.  E.  RoBBiNs.  Esq.,  Wilton  Blcff,  S.  C,  Oct.  20,  1859. 

Dear  Sir: — ^Ihe  three  watches  of  your  manufacture  which  I  purchased  to  be  used  on  my  |  lantation, 
have  proved  to  be  the  most  correct  time-keepers  1  have  ever  known.  I  gave  my  head  servant,  my  head 
carpenter,  and  my  head  engineer,  each  one  of  them,  and  since  they  have  been  in  their  re.xpectire  pos- 
session, everything  on  the  plantation  has  moved  like  clock-wotk,  in  consequence  of  the  extreme  ac- 
curacy and  regularity  with  which  these  watches  perform.  Truly  yours,  LEWIS  MOKRIS. 

CAUTION.— As  our  watch  is  now  extensively  counterfeited  by  foreign  manufac- 
turers, we  have  to  inform  the  public  that  no  watch  is  of  our  production  which  is  un- 
accompanied by  a  certificate  of  genuineness,  bearing  the  number  of  the  watch,  and 
signed  by  our  Treasurer,  R.  E.  Bobbins,  or  by  our  predecessors,  Appleton,  Tracy  &  Co. 
As  these  watches  are  for  sale  by  jewelers  generally  throughout  the  Uuion,  the 
American  Watch  Company  do  not  solicit  orders  for  single  watches. 

S0BBIN8  &  APPLETON,  Wholesale  Agents,  Ko.  182  Broadway,  H.  T. 
63 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  63 

to  the  landlord.  The  characteristics  which  we  have 
named,  being  accompanied  by  a  frank,  cordial  man- 
ner, a  gentlemanly  address,  and  an  obvious  hearty 
desire  to  make  all  around  him  quite  comfortable, 
admirably  fitted  Adams  for  the  charge  of  a  first- 
class  hotel,  which  the  **  Lafayette"  was  at  that  time; 
but  his  ambition  did  not  turn  in  that  direction.  The 
celebrated  inn  was  the  starting  place  of  several  stage 
lines,  and  their  stable  was  directly  in  rear  of  the 
house.  Staging  was  a  very  important  business  in 
those  days,  as  we  have  said;  and  as  the  lines  from 
the  hotel  connected  Boston  with  the  great  cities  of 
New  York  and  Albany,  they  stood  very  high  in  the 
esteem  of  young  Adams.  It  was  a  common  thing, 
in  those  days,  for  a  driver  to  own  his  team,  and 
this  fact  contributed  not  a  little  to  the  respectability 
of  the  occupation.  The  Stage  Company  at  the 
Lafayette  Hotel  carried  the  U.  S.  Mail,  and  was  rich 
m  commodious  and  elegant  coaches,  and  two  hundred 
of  the  handsomest  and  most  spirited  horses  that 
ever  kicked  up  a  dust  on  the  Dedham  turnpike. 
The  drivers  were  substantial,  solid  men;  both  popu- 
lar and  respected;  and  Alvin  Adams  fancied  that 
he  would  like  to  be  one  of  them.  He  had  always 
been  a  lover  of  good  horses,  and  to  drive  four  in 
hand,  with  a  fine  coach-load  of  passengers,  and  the 
U.  S.  Mail  behind,  was  no  less  an  honor  than  it  was 
a  pleasure.  He  probably  calculated,  too,  that  he 
might  some  day  be  the  proprietor  of  a  line  of  his 
own.     His  predilection  for  the  box,  however,  waa 


64  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

successfully  combated  by  the  stage  agent,  who  insist- 
ed upon  it  that  he  was  made  for  better  things.  He 
then  betook  himself  to  a  mercantile  occupation, 
and  became  either  as  an  employee,  or,  upon  his  own 
account,  a  family  grocer  or  dealer  in  provisions. 
Subsequently  he  was  a  produce  merchant,  and  en- 
joyed a  term  of  prosperity.  Whoever  is  familiar 
with  the  latter  business  knows  how  liable  it  is  to 
extreme  fluctuations,  by  which  fortunes  are  made 
or  lost  in  a  single  month.  Adams  enjoyed  no  im- 
munity from  the  reverses  by  which  his  neighbors 
were  suffering.  He  failed,  and  lost  every  dollar. 
When  the  tide  of  fortune  again  turned  in  his  favor 
he  paid  up  all  of  his  old  debts.  One  of  those  from 
whom  we  had  the  story,  was  himself  a  beneficiary 
of  this  act  of  unusual  justice.  The  debt  was  some 
years  old,  and  the  creditor  had  forgotten  it,  when 
he  was  surprised  by  Alvin  Adams  stopping  him  in 
the  street,  reminding  him  of  it,  and  requesting  him 
to  send  it  to  him  for  payment. 

In  May,  1840,  Alvin  Adams  and  P.  B.  Burke 
started  an  Express  in  direct  competition  with  Harn- 
den^s,  under  the  style  of  Burke  &  Co.  After  a  few 
months  of  "up-hill  work,"  Burke  retired,  and  Mr. 
Adams  executed  all  the  business  of  the  "opposition" 
himself.  He  was  its  messenger,  cashier,  receipt- 
clerk,  label-boy,  and  porter.  He  employed  no 
wagon,  nor  did  Harnden,  until  a  year  or  two  elapsed, 
for  they  had  only  small  and  valuable  parcels  to  de- 
liver in  those  days. 


J.  T.  VAN  VLECK, 
KWitX, 

OFFICE,  No.  4  BROAD  STREET, 

ONE  DOOR  FROM  WALL  STREET, 


Y© 


Offers  his  services  to 


mh  m\it  jankers  IJrougljout  tje  CoMntrg 

as  their  agent  and  correspondent,  and  can  assure  them  that  all  business 
intrusted  to  his  care  shall  have  his  personal  attention. 


^TmE, 


EXOHA.NGE, 

GOLD  AND  SILVER  COINS  AND  BULLION 

AND  OTHER  QUOTABLE  SECURITIES,  CONVERTED  FOR  CORRESPONDENTS, 


TWENTY-EIGHT  YEARS  IN  BUSINESS. 
64 


TAYLOR    BROTHERS, 

BANKERS  AND  MONEY  BROKERS, 

No.  76  Wall  Street,  New  York. 

(ESTABLISHED    1840.) 


We  deal  largely  in  BANK  NOTES  AND   SPECIE,  LAND  WAR- 
RANTS AND  EXCHANGE  ;  make  Collections  ;    and  issue 
Sight  Bills,  good  anywhere  in  the  Old  Country,  in 
sums  from  £1  upwards. 


REFER     TO 

BANK  OF  NORTH  AMERICA,  N.  Y. 
PARK  BANK,  ,      " 

PACIFIC  BANK,  *      *' 

MARINE  BANK, 


DRAW     ON 

UNION  BANK  OF  LONDON. 
BANK  OF  LIVERPOOL. 
BELFAST  BANKING  CO.,  Ireland. 
NATIONAL  BANK  OF  SCOTLAND. 


VAN  ANTWERP  &  CO, 


No.  9  Wall  Street,  New  York, 

DEALERS     IN 


L 


T 


BANK    NOTES    AND    EXCHANGE. 


»-/•-,.  /    J  ATLANTIC  BANK. 

Kejer  to  ^  ^j^  ^  ARTHUR,  Esq.,  President  Union  Bank. 

65 


E  X  P  K  E  S  S      HISTORY.  65 

We  believe  that  Burke  never  returned  to  the 
Express  business. 

For  the  first  week  or  two,  Adams  could  have 
stowed  it  all  in  his  hat;  nor  did  he  carry  anything 
more  than  a  valise  for  several  months  from  the  com- 
mencement. For  a  long  time  he  found  it  the  hardest 
kind  of  up-hill  work  to  obtain  a  share  of  the  public 
patronage  sufficient  to  pay  his  expenses,  so  strong  a 
hold  had  the  prosperous  Original  Expressman  obtain- 
ed upon  the  confidence  and  good- will  of  the  commu- 
nity. Indeed,  very  many  people  regarded  Adams  as 
an  interloper  upon  a  field  of  enterprise  fairly  won  by 
Harnden,  and  manifestly  his  '*  by  the  right  of  dis- 
covery." It  is  more  than  probable  that  not  a  few 
of  Adams'  personal  friends  looked  upon  his  new 
business  disapprovingly,  or  damaged  it  by  faint 
praise.  We  know  that  some  of  them  had  no  sym- 
pathy with  it.  They  thought,  with  the  majority, 
that  there  would  never  be  enough  business  of  the 
kind  for  more  than  one  Expressman;  never  dream- 
ing that  in  less  than  eighteen  years  afterwards  it 
would  furnish  employment  for  more  than  five  thou- 
sand persons.  Indeed,  that  was  not  a  time  to  be 
sanguine  about  business  of  any  kind  except  politics. 
It.  was  the  memorable  year  of  the  Harrison  Presi- 
dential Election,  and 

"Tippecanoe  and  Tyler  too," 

monopolized  more  attention  than  the  mart  or  the 
counting-room.     For  an  unprecedented  length  of 


66  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

time  the  industry  and  mercantile  interests  of  the 
whole  country  had  been  depressed  and  almost  ruin- 
ed. Any  change  of  rulers,  it  was  said,  could  not 
but  be  for  the  better,  and  the  people  were  full  of. 
the  idea  of  a  revolution  in  the  national  administra- 
tion, with  a  view  to  improving  affairs  in  general  and 
business  in  particular. 

Subjected  to  the  double  disadvantage  of  an  un- 
propitious  period  for  a  new  enterprise,  and  a  de- 
gree of  antagonism  to  it  in  the  community  on  the 
part  of  the  very  people  upon  whose  favor  it  was 
dependent  for  a  support,  it  is  not  to  be  wondered 
at  that  Burke  should  so  soon  have  abandoned  the 
undertaking.  It  certainly  was  very  discouraging, 
but  Alvin  Adams  was  not  the  man  to  back  down. 
After  Burke  left  him,  in  1840,  he  conducted  the 
Express,  as  we  have  said,  entirely  alone.  He  had 
no  capital,  nor,  indeed,  had  Harnden  at  that  time. 
Shortly  afterwards,  he  took  Ephraim  Farnsworth 
into  copartnership,  and  gave  him  the  charge  of  the 
New  York  office;  but  the  connection  did  not  last 
long.  Farnsworth  died  some  years  ago.  We  speak 
of  what  the  second  Express  had  to  contend  with, 
the  better  to  illustrate  the  innate  energy  and  perse- 
verance of  Harnden  &  Co.'s  earliest  competitor, 
and  his  remarkable  fitness  for  the  occupation,  which 
in  calm  disregard  of  sneers  and  remonstrances,  and 
still  stronger  opposition,  he  persisted  in  following. 
It  has  been  often  said,  that  neither  Harnden  nor 
Adams,  nor  anvbodv  eke.  could  ])ossiblv  have  an- 


SAMUEL  MOWRY'S 

CASE-HARDENED  AXLES  Al  TEMPERED  SPRINGS 


I  will  have  Case-hardened  Salisbury,  next  time. 


fW^^ 


%\^A^. 


are  manufactured  from  Charcoal 
Cold  Blast  Hammered  Salisbury 
Iron,  the  best  and  safest  used* for 
Axles;  so  say  all  practical  Rail 
Roadmen.  I  manufacture  all  the 
different  styles  used,  and  place 
my  name  on  each  arm  or  spindle, 


also  my  Trade  mark 


K 


on 


the  shanks,  to  prevent  impositiou, 
and  enable  persons  to  get  a  war- 
ranted article.  The  Mowry  Cace- 
hardened  or  Steel  Converted 
Axles  have  been  fully  tested,  and 
used  for  over  12  years  by  most  of 
our  first-clasH  builders  ot  Coaches, 
Wagons,  Carts,  Drays,  Omnibuses,  and  Fire  Engine  Builders  in  the  United  States  and 
the  Canadas,  to  whom  I  would  refer;  also  to  A.  F.  Smith,  Esq.,  Sup't  Hudson  River 
Rail  Road,  and  other  prominent  Rail  Road  men,  as  to  superiority  of  the  Salisbury  Iron 
over  all  others  for  strength  aid  safety. 

nowB^'si  TsnrsssD  svbihg^s, 

Manufactured  from  the  best  quality  English  Spring  Steel,  from  Swedish  Charcoal 
Hammered  Iron.  Owing  to  the  superior  material  used,  and  the  extra  pains  in  fitting. 
I  am  enabled  to  give  a  much  lighter  Spring  to  do  the  same  amount  of  business  tlian  is 
ordinarily  used.  I  make  all  the  different  kinds  and  styles  in  use,  and  every  Spring  is 
fully  tested  before  leaving  the  shop,  and  warranted  not  lo  settle  or  cripple. 

Crrcenevillc,  Conn.,  P.  O.  Addresn, 
Norwich  Telegraph,  ** 


SAMUEL  MOVtTRY. 


EXCEI.SIOT=i     ^^TOOD     TYli^E. 


WM.  H.  PAGE  &  CO. 


Manufacture  all  styles  and  sizes  of  Wood  Type,  of  a  superior  iinish,  which  is  commended  and 
recommended  by  those  who  have  used  it,  as  the  best  in  the  market;  and  we  present  it  to  the 
Trade,  as  second  to  none,  and  we  think  it  the  best;  also, 


Rule,  Reglet,  Furniture,  ftuoins  and  Printers'  Materials 

generally,  all  which  we  furnish  from  our  Shop  or  through  our  Agents,  which  embrace  the 
principal  Type  Founderiea  in  the  country,  on  favorable  terms  and  on  short  notice.  J.  Con- 
ner &  Sons,  N.  Y.    L.  Johnson  &  Co.,  Phila.    Phelps  &  Dalton,  Boston,  &c.,  &c. 

Printers  wishing  a  specimen  of  our  work  will  be  supplied  with  a  copy  of  oar  Sup2>lement 
by  our  Agents. 


Wm.  H.  Page,    ) 
Samuel  Mowry.  j 


W!W.  H.  PAGE  &  CO., 

GreeneyiUe,  Connr 
66 


AND 

,  vn».  12  Centre  «f|.,  ./r.  T*. 


All  orders  promptly  attended  to,  and  warranted  to  give  perfect 
satisfaction. 


LEMUEL   W.   SERRELL, 

^  SOLICITOR  OP 

AlERICAI  AND  FOREIGN  PATENTS, 

Nos.  119  &  121  Nassau  Street, 

Artisan  Bamk  Buildings,  SHIW  'S'OIEISo 


Prepares  Mechanical  Drawings,  Specifications,  Caveats,  Assignments,  etc. 
and  transacts  all  other  business  connected  with  obtaining  Let- 
TERS  Patent  in  the  United  States  and  Foreign  Coun- 
P^  tries  with  promptness   and   dispatch. 

LEROY   W.  FAIRCHILD, 

MANUFACTURER  OF 

AND 

GOLD  PEN  AND  PENCIL  CASES, 
133  WII.I.IA1II  i$TRECT, 

NETS^  YORK. 

61 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  67 

ticipated,  at  the  outset,  that  the  Express  business 
would  ever  attain  to  the  importance  that  it  has; 
and  doubtless  that  was  so;  but  no  one  can  look 
upon  the  intelligent  countenance  and  ample  fore- 
head of  Alvin  Adams  without  the  conviction,  that 
he  had  the  sagacity  to  look  forward  to  the  realiza- 
tion of  far  greater  results  from  the  enterprise  than 
any  other  man.  It  is  difficult  to  believe  that  a 
person  of  his  mental  power  and  business  experi- 
ence would  have  been  contented  to  adopt  for  an 
occupation  what  appeared  then  to  be  only  that 
of  a  messenger  or  errand-man,  between  two  cities, 
had  he  not  expected  it  to  lead  to  something  of  more 
extent  and  consequence.  That  he  had  some  such 
foresight,  was  probably  the  reason  why  he  adhered 
to  his  enterprise  through  three  or  four  years  of  the 
hardest  kind  of  work  and  the  poorest  sort  of  remu- 
neration. 

Brainard,  for  many  years  past  quite  famous  as 
an  express-wagon  builder  in  Boston,  at  that  time 
drove  a  job-wagon.  He  says  that  he  used  to  do 
the  little  carting  that  was  then  required  by  Adams, 
gratis;  and  even  at  that,  gave  him  the  preference 
to  Leonard,  of  the  Worcester  Express. 

"  Not  that  he  loved  Leonard  less,  but  Adams  more." 

Leonard,  who  paid  well  and  was  willing  to  pay 
more,  to  induce  B.  to  receive  his  freight  as  soon  as 
the  steamboat  train  arrived  from  Worcester  at  the 
Boston  Dep6t,  and  hurry  with  it  down  to  his  office, 


68  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

could  never  understand  why  he  should  insist  upon 
waiting  to  get  out  Adams'  New  York  trunk  when 
he  acknowledged  that  it  was  purely  a  *'  labor  of 
love."  The  fact  is,  that  it  was  only  one  of  many 
evidences  that  we  have  seen  of  the  genial  influence 
that  Alvin  Adams  has  exercised  upon  the  affection 
of  all  who  have  enjoyed  his  friendship. 

At  the  time  of  Farnsworth's  leaving  the  firm, 
Adams  &  Co.'s  clerk  in  New  York  was  a  young 
man,  named  William  B.  Dinsmore,  and  their  office 
"v^as  in  the  basement  for  many  years  past  occupied 
by.  Boyd's  City  Post,  in  WiUiam  Street,  near  Wall. 

This  was  in  the  latter  part  of  1841,  or  early  in 
1842.  Dinsmore  was  then  a  young  man,  without 
capital,  but  not  without  experience.  He  was  born 
in  Boston,  and  had  lived  there  until  two  or  three 
years  before  becoming  connected  with  the  Express. 
He  had  been  in  the  South  a  portion  of  the  time, 
engaged  in  trading,  and  still  later  was  employed  by 
David  Felt,  the  stationer,  in  New  York,  either  as  a 
salesman  or  book-keeper.  In  the  latter  capacity 
he  is  said  to  have  excelled.  We  have  many  pleas- 
ant recollections  of  him  in  his  native  city  before  ho 
located  in  New  York,  and  remember  well  that  he 
was  regarded  by  his  associates,  and  others,  as  a 
young  man  of  much  wit  and  humor,  and  superior 
mental  calibre,  as  well  as  physical  ability. 

It  appears,  that  when  Farnsworth  left,  and  Dins- 
more was  still  a  clerk,  Adams  seriously  thought  of 
taking  for  a  partner  some  man  of  extensive  acquaint- 


VnVE.  T.   COLEMAN  &  CO., 

88  Wall  Street,  New  York, 


ILL  ii 


iSSlii, 


all  prime  California  and  other  Securities. 


Buy  and  sell  Exchange  on  California,  Oregon,  and  Western  Cities. 

Purchase  or  Collect,  California  State,  or  City  of  San  Francisco  Coupons. 

Grant  Letters  of  Credit  available  in  any  part  of  the  United  States. 

Receive  money  on  deposit,  and  allow  interest  on  special  deposits,  at  such 
rates  as  may  be  agreed  upon. 

Make  advances  upon  approved  Merchandise,  consigned  to  our  San  Fran- 
cisco house. 

Fill  orders  for  Staple  Goods  of  all  kinds,  for  the  California  and  Oregon 
markets,  and  effect  Marine  and  Fire  Insurance  in  the  best  offices. 

Make  Mercantile  Collections  on  all  the  principal  points  in  Oregon  and 
California.  &^  Manufacturers  and  Merchants  making  sales  for  Cali- 
fornia, (or  Oregon,)  can  transmit  their  Bills  of  Lading  through  our 
house  in  San  Francisco,  and  have  the  Invoices  paid  for  on  the^'arrival  of 
the  goods  there;  thus  giving  purchasers  full  benefit  of  the  usual  time  on 
sales,  and  yet  the  sellers  maintaining  control  of  their  property,  until  paid 
for. 

WE    ARE    AGENTS    FOR   THE 


E 


Dispatching  two  or  three  First  Class  Clippers  every  month 
for  San  Francisco. 

Orders  for  Merchandise  should  be  accompanied  with  a  remittance  of  20 
per  cent,  on  the  cost,  and  for  Stocks  10  per  cent,  on  the  par. 


WM.  T.  COLEMAN  &  CO., 

COMMISSION    MERCHANTS 

AND  EXCHANGE  DEALERS, 

SAN  FRANCISCO  ^  NEW  YORK. 


68 


Refer  to 

BANK  OP  AMERICA, 

AND 

AMERICAN  EXCHANGE  BANK. 


ttme^^  CElif0rraa  Jim 


NEW  YORK  TO  SAN  FRANCISCO, 

Office  88  Wall  Street, 


Fiiif  iLiiS  iLiPPEi  SUPS, 

Sailing  Regularly  and  Promptly  Twice  a  Month. 


Goods  forwarded  from  any  part  of  the  country  will  be  received  with  care 

and  put  on  board  free  of  commission,  and  all  reasonable  freight 

charges  advanced  and  collected  in  San  Francisco,  if 

desired. 

Freight  Entered  at  the  Lowest  Rate. 

INSURANCE  EFFECTED  IVHEN  DESIRED. 

All  Packap^es  should  be  addressed  to  W.  T.  Coleman  &  Co.,  N.  Y. 


AGENTS  IN  SAN  FBANCISCO, 

TV^]Vr.    T.    COLEMA^N    &    CO., 

Corner  California  and  Front  Sts. 

69 


I 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  69 

ance  in  New  York,  who  had  influence  with  the  Bos- 
ton, Worcester  and  Norwich  hne,  which  carried  his 
express;  but  Dinsmore  ui^ed  his  own  claims  so 
strenuously,  and  was  in  truth  so  useful  in  the  office, 
and  so  competent  to  take  charge  of  it,  that  he  car- 
ried the  day,  and  became  a  member  of  the  firm. 

It  is  now  some  sixteen  years  since  that  copart- 
nership was  formed,  and  the  two  gentlemen  still 
continue  associates  in  the  same  business,  and  in 
charge  of  the  same  offices;  ever  acting  harmoniously, 
yet  with  vigor  and  determination,  together. 

In  the  outset,  and  for  several  years  subsequently, 
Adams  &  Co.'s  business  was  limited  to  New  York, 
New  London,  Norwich,  Worcester  and  Boston. 

When  Dinsmore  sought  and  obtained  a  partner- 
ship in  Adams  &  Co.'s  Express,  he  removed  his  office 
to  No.  7  (now  17)  Wall  Street.  There  was  nothing 
in  the  actual  proceeds  of  the  business  to  encourage 
him  in  the  undertaking.  As  far  as  present  com- 
pensation for  his  labor  was  concerned,  he  would 
have  done  better  in  a  clerkship,  even  in  the  "  hard 
times"  of  1842;  but  he  coincided  with  his  partner's 
ideas  of  the  prospective  importance  of  the  enter- 
prise, and  looked  to  the  future  for  reimbursement. 
He  knew  that 

"  Great  oaks  from  little  acorns  grow," 

and  recognized  in  the  Express  the  germ  that  would 
put  forth  and  become  a  goodly  tree,  and  in  time 
cover  the  land  with  its  branches. 

The  entire  business  of  Adams  &  Co.  was  done  then 


70  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

by. two  or  three  men  and  a  boy.  They  were  kept 
pretty  busy,  it  is  true,  but  found  it  hard  to  pay  ex- 
penses, even  with  the  most  rigid  economy. 

Up  to  1843,  their  affairs  had  not  prospered  much, 
nor  had  business  in  general  materially  improved; 
but,  fortunately  for  them,  Harnden  &  Co.,  about 
that  time,  became  so  engrossed  with  the  extension 
of  their  European  operations  as  somewhat  to  neg- 
lect their  home  Express,  and  as  an  inevitable  re- 
sult disaffected  some  good  customers,  who  on  that 
account  gave  their  parcels  to  Adams  &  Co.  The 
latter  improved  the  opportunity  to  redouble  their 
persevering  efforts  to  secure  success.  The  two  Ex- 
presses were  now  supplied  with  horses  and  wagons. 
In  the  fall  of  1843,  Samuel  L.  Woodard  (formerly 
^  stage-man  for  Col.  Staples,  from  Keene  and  Fitch- 
burg  to  Worcester,)  became  the  driver  of  Adams  & 
Co.'s  Boston  wagon,  although  he  was  probably 
worth  more  money  at  that  time  than  his  employers; 
and  he  has  continued  in  that  capacity  ever  since, 
one  of  the  most  faithful,  kind-hearted,  agreeable, 
tmd  industrious  of  men;  always  on  hand  early  and 
late,  and  ready  for  any  emergency.  Then,  an  Ex- 
press driver  was  as  valuable  and  important  as  ever 
the  stageman  had  been  in  his  palmy  days,  and  to 
his  efforts  in  "bucking  for  freight '^  his  employers 
were  indebted  for  a  very  considerable  amount  of 
their  patronage.  Woodard  had  a  clear  head,  a 
round,  cheerful  happy  face,  a  plump  person,  and  a 
frank,  hearty  manner,  united  to  a  due  degree  of  the 


CLERK,   GREEN  &  BAKER, 

Successors  to  J.  &  T.  "WARRIN, 


MANUFACTURERS  AND  IMPORTERS  OF 


AND 


'"  TMIIl  i  MRT  DEBIPTION 


J 


Which  they  offer  to  the  Trade  on  favorable  terms. 


C,  G.  &  B.  having  erected  a  building  on  Canton  Street,  Brooklyn,  are 
now  enabled  to  execute  Orders  of  any  magnitude  for  Fish  Hooks, 
Spears,  <fee.,  &e.,  at  the  shortest  notice,  and  from  the  best  quali- 
ty of  Steel  Wire.     Agents  for  Buel's  Patent  Spinning  Bait. 


ALSO,  SOLE    IMPORTERS   OF 

|os.  Mnums  €tk\iak)i  §rineJi-%b  Itetirles. 

MANUFACTURERS   AND   IMPORTERS    OF 

RAZORS,  SCISSORS,  STEEL  PENS,  PEARL  BUTTONS,  &C,  &C,  &C. 
Store,  48  Haiden  f^aiie,  W.  Y. 


fi^*  The  Genuine  Warrin's  Needles  will,  in  future,  have  across  every  label 

a  fac-similc  of  Mr.  Jos.  Warrin's  signature. 

10 


]¥o.  S2^  Broadway,  J¥ew  Tork, 

(Opposite  St.  Nicholas  Hotel.) 

Foreign  and  Domestic  orders  respectfully  solicited,  and  executed  with  the  utmost 
promptness  and  care. 


J.   W.   WILLARD   &   CO., 

Manufacturers,  Importers  and  Dealers  in  every  description  of 

PBDMAPIIC.  AiilTPE  Mi  M&iERREiTYPE  MmElMS. 

Of  our  own  Manufacture,  are  pronounced  by  all  who  are  using  them  to  be  far  superior  to  any 

other  make.    Sold  at  the  following  Reduced  Prices,  and  warranted  to 

give  satisfaction  or  the  money  refunded: 

i  Size $12.00         4  Size,  Bellows,  Box  and  Holders . .  $  6.00 

I    "  25.00  i    "  "  "  ..    8.00 

4-4    "   60.00      4-4    "  "  "  ..  10.00 

Apparatus  of  the  newest  and  most  approved  styles. 

FANCY,  EMBOSSED  &  IHANILLA  CASES  of  efery  description. 

Mattings,  Preservers,  Glass,  Chemicals,  Porcelain,  Glass  and  India-  Rubber  Ware,  Photo- 
graphic Paper,  Bristol  Boards,  Passe  Partouts,  &c.,  Ac,  &c. 

mmiGM  &  mmmm  sTiasoscopis  views  &  miEi. 

GILT  FRAMES  IN  GREAT  VARIETY, 

To  which  we  invite  particular  attention.    We  have  Cabinet  and  Life  Sizes  of  superior  work- 
manshij)  and  the  most  elaborate  designs.    Also, 

Solid  Ovals,  Plain  and  Ornamented,  Gilt  Beads.  Gilt  and  Eosewood 
Mouldings.  &c.,  &c.,  &c. 

AGENTS  FOR 

GRISWOLS'S   rxsROTirrii   piatiss, 

HEWET'S  CELEBRATED  CHROMO  PICTURES  OR  BACK  GROUNDS. 

DBPOT  FOR 

J.  W.  V/ILLARD  k  GO'S  Celebrated  Union  Collodian,  Price  |1.C0  per  lb. 
J.  W.  WILLARD  k  GO'S      "       "   Gilding.  Price  37^  cts.  per  bottle. 

For  which  we  have  received  gratuitous  letters  of  recommendation  from  Artists  in  this  City, 
and  throughout  the  country. 

Photographs  Tetouched  in  India  Ink  or  Colored  in  Oil  or  Water  Colors,  on  the  most  rea- 
sonable terms.  Also,  India  Ink,  Oil  and  Water  Colors,  Brushes,  Engravings  and  Artists' 
Materials  constantly  on  hand. 

Goods  of  our  own  manufacture  may  be  obtained  of  every  stock  dealer  in  the  coimtry. 

All  orders  or  letters  of  inquiry  should  be  addressed  to 


J.  W.  WILLARD  &  CO., 
2  ] 

71 


522  BROADWAY,  New  York. 


I 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  7l 

suaviter  in  modo,  (very  popular  characteristics,  by 
the  way;)  and  being  zealous  in  the  service  which  he 
had  adopted,  and  strongly  impressed  with  the  im- 
portance of  it  to  the  community,  he  talked  it  into 
the  bankers  and  merchants  with  signal  success. 
"  Harnden  &  Co.,'^  he  would  say,  **have  got  more 
than  they  can  do:  give  your  business  to  us.  Just 
try  Adams  &  Co.  for  once  !  Mr.  Adams  is  a  little 
the  nicest  man  you  ever  did  see,  and  we  have  all 
the  facilities  for  doing  your  business  right  up  to 
the  handle !  Come,  let  me  set  these  bundles  into 
my  wagon,  and  put  them  through  to  New  York  by 
daylight.  Mr.  Dinsmore,  Mr.  Adams^  partner  in 
New  York,  is  a  Boston  man,  (you  know  him,  don^t 
you?  of  course  you  do:  he  was  made  for  an  Ex- 
pressman !)  and  will  see  to  the  delivering  of  these 
things  himself."  With  similar,  if  not  precisely  the 
same  "moral  suasion"  as  this,  would  he  make  new 
customers  for  A.  &  Co.,  and,  once  obtained,  he  took 
good  care  never  to  lose  them.  Of  course,  he  soon 
came  to  be  regarded  by  Adams  as  an  almost  indis- 
pensable man  in  the  Express,  and  the  most  friendly 
relations  existed  between  them.  Woodard,  we  are 
happy  to  say,  now  enjoys,  as  the  fruits  of  his  tal- 
ents, industry  and  steady  habits,  a  snug  little  com- 
petency, and  a  constitution  unimpaired  by  his  long 
and  still-continued  service.  Even  the  handsome 
white  horse,  which  he  used  to  drive,  is  still  in  good 
order  and  well  condition,  though  now  about  twenty- 
six  years  old. 


72  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

About  the  same  time  (1843)  John  Hoey,  the 
present  Superintendent  at  the  New  York  office, 
was  a  boy  in  Dinsmore's  office.  Serving  the  insti- 
tution zealously  and  with  a  constantly-enlarging 
capacity  ever  since,  he  now  holds  a  very  impor- 
tant post,  and  is  a  stockholder  in  the  Company, 
whose  interests  no  employee  has  done  more  to 
advance.  Wallace  and  Doggett,  Swett,  Studley, 
Fisher,  Brastow,  Haskell,  Freeman,  Saffi)rd,  Gor- 
man, Phillips,  Webb,  Dixon,  Doyle,  Curtis,  Gore, 
Jones,  and  John  K.  Stimson,  were  employed  at  an 
early  period  of  the  business. 

E.  S.  Sanford,  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  became 
connected  with  the  New  York  office  in  1842. 
Shortly  afterwards,  in  association  with  S.  M.  Shoe- 
maker, a  native  of  Louisiana,  he  extended  the  line 
of  express  to  Washington.  W.  H.  Trego  has  been 
for  many  years  an  active  employee  in  Baltimore, 
where  he  now  superintends  their  office. 

Mr.  Phillips,  for  nearly  20  years  past  an  Ex- 
pressman in  Hartford,  after  having  done  the  busi- 
ness for  some  time  in  his  own  name,  became  the 
Agent  for  Adams  &  Co.  in  Hartford.  In  1854  the 
Company  purchased  of  Thompson  &  Co.  the  Ex- 
press which  they  now  run  between  that  beautiful 
and  thriving  city  and  Springfield,  Mass. 

Washington  Webb,  the  New  York  Agent,  was 
Harnden's  in  1842,  and  in  1844  was  Agent  of 
Beecher  &  Co's  Steamboat  Express,  and  Phillips 


i 


1 


JVo.  41  JfoUn  Street^ 


AMES  &  BARNES 

OFFER    THE 

BEST  ElVfiLISH,  FRENCH  ilVD  AMERICAN  GOODS 


Their  stock  embraces  the  Manufactured  Stationery  of  • 

THOMAS    RHOADS    &    SONS, 

LONDON, 

which  consists  of  Note,  Letter  and  Folio  Papers,  Steel  Pens,  Letter  Clips, 
Envelopes,  Cutlery,  &c.     Also,  Whatman's  Drawing  Papers, 
Dowse's  Patent  Tracing  Cloth,  Arnokl's  Fluid  and  Copy- 
ing Liks,  Pvodgers  &  Crooke's  Pocket  Cut- 
lery, with  a  fine  assortment  of 

FREUCH  PAPEBS  t  rA{1©Y  STATIOI^EBY. 

Of  American  Goods  their  Stock  is  completet 

AGENTS   FOR 

For  securing  Letters,  Invoices  and  Music;  also,  Hicks'  New  Eraser  and 
Burnisher. 

72 


eaYSTAL   BATTIIY   MKSSSTIG   MAGSISS, 

For  Extracting  Teeth  without  Pain,  and  for  Medical  Purposes. 

Invented  by  Dr.  S.  B.  SMITH.  Price  $12. 

This  instrument  is  now  extenKively  used  by  the  Dental  Profession,  for  preventing  pain  in  extracting 
Teeth.  Its  superiority  over  all  others  is,  that  it  has  a  DIRECT  current,  as  well  as  a  to-and-fro  current. 
The  zincs  never  require  cleaning.     The  expense  of  running  it  is  about  one  cent  a  week. 

"The  DIRECT  current  is  the  only  current  that  should  be  used  medicallv,"  says  Gold'^n  Bird,  of  Guy'a 
Hospital,  Bird's  Electricity,  p.  121,  London,  and  Smee,  in  his  Electro-Biology,  p.  97.     Address 

DR.  SAMUEL  B.  SMITH,  322  CANAL  ST.,  N.  Y. 


DR.  S.  B.  SMITH'S  MAGNETIC  SALVE, 

For  Old   IJIcera,  Scrofula,  Salt-Rheum,  Burnn,  Blicnniatism,  Piles,  Corn*, 
BcMtoriujB;  the  Hair,  Ac, 

This  Salve  is  the  most  valuable  of  Salves  in  the  World.  The  cures  performed  by  it  are  almo.st  in- 
credible. To  any  one  requesting  it.  I  will  forward  by  mail  my  pamphlet  of  24  pages,  by  which  will 
be  seen  a  full  couGrmation  of  wbat  I  state. 

NOTICE  ON  WHICH  LIFE  MAY  DEPEND. 
For  the  sake  of  introducing  the  Magnetic  Salve  into  all  parts  of  the  United  States,  that  every  per- 
son may  have  an  opportunity  of  testing  its  extraordinary  virtues,  I  will  send  a  box  of  it  by  mail,  and 
prepay  the  postage  on  it  myself,  on  the  reception  of '24  cents  in  postage  stamps.     I  will  also  forward, 
free  of  charge,  my  third  stereotyped  edition  of 

«•  WHAT  COIVSTITUTES  DISEASE. '> 


CRISTADORO'S 

HAIR  DYE!  WIGS!  HAIR  DYE! 


stands  alone  and  unapproachable  in  the  manufacture  of  the  above-mentioned  articles* 
His  Orioin.vl  Excelsior  Liquid  HAIR  DYE  is  the  very  best  in  the  World;  it  being  com- 
posed of  harmless  and  vegetable  substances,  does  not  burn  nor  destroy  the  texture  of 
the  Hair,  nor  blacken  nor  blister  the  skin,  as  is  too  often  the  case  by  using  the  base 
and  deleterious  imitations  palmed  oflF  on  the  public. 

His  WIGS  and  TOUPEES  are  made  on  entirely  new  principles,  which  imitate 
nuture;  they  are  durable,  comfortable,  and  perfectly  easy  to  the  wearer;  also  his 
World  Renowned  Hair  Preservative  and  Beautifier,  the  best  Cosmetic  for  Invigorat- 
ing, Softening  and  perpetuating  the  Human  Hair. 

The  Dye  is  applied,  and  the  Wigs  fitted  in  private  apartments,  and  sold,  whole- 
sale and  retail,  at  the  manufactory,  No.  6  Astor  Hou.se,  Broadway,  New  York. 

NOTICE  TO  EXPREISS  AGEIVT8. 

Prompt  attention  will  be  given  to  orders  to  forward  the  above,  with  bills  to  col- 
lect on  delivery. 

The  Editor  of  this  Work  can  fully  recommemd  Cristadorv's  Hair  Dye,  as  equal,  if  not  luptrior, 
to  any  in  the  World. 

78 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  73 

&  Go's  Railroad  and  Steamer  Express,  to  New 
York.  Henry  B.  Plant,  (now  the  indefatigable 
and  excellent  Superintendent  of  the  Southern  Di- 
vision,) was  Webb's  partner  at  that  time,  in  mer- 
cantile business.  Peregrine  Turner,  the  estima- 
ble Agent  at  New  London  for  many  years,  form- 
erly had  an  Express  of  his  own.  E.  A.  Johnson, 
Gabriel  Brush,  and  W.  L.  Crane,  (now  Manager 
of  the  New  York  Department  of  the  New  Haven 
Line,)  were  early  engaged  upon  the  Connecticut 
division.     Hardy  served  as  Messenger. 

In  1850  or  '51,  Adams  &  Co.  arranged  to  send 
their  money  and  small  packages  over  the  New 
York  and  New  Haven  Railroad,  then  just  com- 
pleted, paying  $1,700  per  month  for  the  space 
occupied  by  them  in  a  car  on  the  express  train. 
In  November,  1854,  H.  B.  Plant  went  to  Augusta, 
Ga.,  to  act  as  Superintendent  of  the  Harnden  Ex- 
press. Subsequently  he  took  the  charge  of  the 
routes  laid  out  by  Clapp  Spooner,  a  Director  in 
the  Adams  Express  Company,  and  established 
agencies  at  all  practicable  stations  in  South  Caro- 
lina, Georgia,  Alabama,  Tennessee  and  Louisiana. 
In  the  latter  State,  the  business  started  in  1850 
by  John  K.  &  A.  L.  Stimson,  under  the  style  of 
Stimson  &  Co^s  New  Orleans  and  Mobile  Express, 
had  passed  into  the  hands  of  Adams  &  Co.  This, 
too,  was  the  case  with  the  thriving  Charleston  Ex- 
press of  Hoey  &  Co.,  (John  Hoey  and  John  K. 


74  EXPRESS    HISTORY 

Stimson.)  By  these  accessions  to  its  strength  in 
the  South,  and  still  more  by  the  creation  of  new 
railroads,  and  its  enterprising  and  efficient  man- 
agement in  that  quarter,  the  Adams  Express,  like 
the  Harnden,  is  doing  an  immense  and  constantly 
increasing  service, there. 

In  the  West,  also,  where  Alfred  Gaither  is  Su^ 
perintendent,  the  Adams  Express  is  doing  an  ex* 
tensive  and  prosperous  business.  C.  Woodward, 
the  smart  and  assiduous  Agent  at  Cincinnati,  (Gai- 
ther's  headquarters,)  was  formerly  located  at  In- 
dianapoUs.  Rhodes  is  still  connected  with  the 
Pittsburgh  office. 

One  of  the  best  men  in  the  business  is  Col. 
John  Bingham,  Superintendent  of  the  Pennsylva- 
nia Division.  Geo.  H.  Burns,  early  employed  in 
the  Philadelphia  office,  is  now  Agent  at  Washing- 
ton, D.  C. 

The  Superintendent  of  the  South-eastern  Divis- 
ion, S.  M.  Shoemaker,  is  a  Director  and  large 
Stockholder. 

E.  W.  Parsons,  Superintendent  of  the  Eastern 
Division,  is  indefatigable  in  his  attention  to  his 
duties,  and  is  universally  esteemed. 

The  very  able  and  popular  cashier,  and  corre- 
sponding clerk,  in  the  New  York  office,  J.  C.  Bab- 
cock,  was  formerly  a  boJik,  cashier.  Hiram  Dixoa 
is  still  book-keeper.  .,'?;': 

R.  P.  McCullagh,  Superintendent  of  the  Phila- 


AMERICAN   GUANO, 

FROM 

JARVIS  &  BAKEE'S  ISLANDS, 


IN   THE 


SOUTH  FJlCIFIC  0€EA1, 

Under  the  protectioa  of  the  U.  S.  Government. 


IMPORTED   BY   THE 


No.  66  William  Street, 


This  Guano,  far  superior  to  any  other  Fertilizer  known,  and  of  permanent 

value  to  the  soil,  is  sold  in  LARGE  or  SMALL 

quantities  at  the  Company's  office,  at  full 

FOfiTT  PER  CENT.  LESS  THAN  PERUVIAN  GUANO. 


This  Ga&no  feeds,  but  does  not  stimulate  to  excess  the  roots  of  plants,  and 

they  are  thereby  enabled  to  withstand  the  effects  of  drought  to  a 

greater  degree,  than  by  the  use  of  any  other  Fertilizer 

known ;  its  application  will  insure  wonderful 

crops  of  Cotton,  Corn,  Wheat,  Rye, 

Oats,  Grass,   Tobacco, 

Vegetables,  &c. 

For  full  particulars  and  Pamphlets,  address, 

AMERICAN  GUANO  CO., 

Wo.  66  WTT.T.T/IM  STREET,  XV.  X. 

74 


THOMi^S    DAVIS, 

(FROM  LONDON,) 

MANUFACTURER   AND   INSERTER   OF   THE 

IMIPROVED 

ARTIFICIAL  HUMAN 


¥ 


* 


Has  had   extensive   Practice   in   the   various  Eye  Insti- 
tutions in  Europe,  and  is  now  supplying  the  New 
York  Eye  Infirmary,  Second  Avenue, 
corner  of  13th  Street. 

Office,  463  Broadway,  New  York, 

Where  person's  deprived  of  an  Eye  can  be  suppUed  with 

an  Artificial  one,  having  all  the  movements 

and  color  of  the  Natural  Eye. 


N.  B.  Supefior  lo  anyttiini  of  the  kind  made  in  Europe. 


fS 


EXPRESS    HISTORY.  75 

delphia  office,  has  had  the  advantage  of  many  years' 
experience,  and  is  liighly  esteemed  for  the  judicious 
and  thorough  manner  in  which  he  has  always  dis- 
charged his  laborious  and  responsible  duties.  He 
is  every  inch  a  gentleman,  and  invaluable  to  the 
Company. 

E.  S.  Sanford  is  General  Superintendent  of  all 
the  routes  of  the  Adams  Express  Company. 

E.  Coleman  and  Harry  Gorman,  also  Messrs. 
Heath,  Lambertson,  Bell,  Piers,  and  McKeever, 
(the  latter  now  Agent  at  New  Orleans,)  are  old 
expressmen. 

Alvin  Adams,  the  father  of  this  great  institu- 
tion, preferring  the  quiet  city  of  Boston,  where 
he  has  resided  for  30  years  or  more,  remains  in 
charge  of  the  operations  and  office  at  that  original 
fountain-head  of  the  business,  where  he  is  assisted 
by  his  two  sons,  Alvin,  Jr.,  and  Waldo;  also  Rich- 
ardson, (who  was  a  pioneer  in  "  expressing'^  away 
down  East,  where  the  sun  rises,)  and  several  other 
just  such  men  as  every  large  office  ought  to  have 
in  its  employ. 

On  the  first  of  July,  1854,  by  the  voluntary 
action  of  the  four  or  five  partners,  Adams  &  Co's 
rapidly-extending  business  became  the  property 
of  some  30  or  40  gentlemen  in  different  sections 
of  the  country,  under  the  style  of  the  Adams  Ex- 
press Company.     Its  capital  stock  is  in   15,000 


W  EXPRESS    HISTORY. 

shares.     Its  present  organization  (June,  I860,)  is 
as  follows: 

President — Wm.  B.  Dinsmore,  of  New  York; 
Vice-President — Edwards  S.  Sanford,  of  Phila.; 
Secretary — James  M.  Thompson,  of  Springfield, 
Mass.;  Managers — Johnston  Livingston,  W.  B. 
Dinsmore,  J.  M.  Thompson,  E.  S.  Sanford,  S.  M. 
Shoemaker,  R.  B.  Kinsley,  Clapp  Spooner,  Alfred 
Gaither,  and  John  Bingham. 


KINSLEY  &  GO'S  EXPRESS. 


This  was  one  of  the  pioneer  institutions,  and 
for  the  able  and  thorough  manner  in  which  it  is 
stall  conducted,  is  worthy  of  honorable  mention. 

It  was  begun  in  1842  by  James  Gay  and  E. 
Littlefield,  of  Boston.  R.  B.  Kinsley  afterwards 
became  the  senior  partner.  Their  first  trip  on  the 
Fall  River  Line,  ever  since  used  by  them,  was  in 
May,  1847/)fh  vr 

:ii'oThat  route  has  always  been  a  popular  one,  and 
the  Express  equally  so,  both  East  and  South,  to 
which  they  have  now  extended.  The  New  York, 
Philadelphia,  and  Boston  offices  are  well-manned. 
E.  Littlefield  has  had  charge  of  the  New  York 
department  many  years. 


CONOVER    &    WOOLLEY, 
368  CANAI.  STREET, 

Manufacturers  and  Dealers  in  every  variety  of  Plain  Black  Enameled,  Electro- 
Bronzed,  and  German  Silver,  Parlor,  Office,  and  Chamber 


Conover  &  Woolley  have  add- 
ed a  number  of  new  and  very 
elegant  patterns  of  GRATES  to 
their  already  large  assortment, 
and  continue  to  manufacture  all 
styles  of  German  Silver.  Electro- 
Bronzed,  Hard  and  Soft  Coal 
Grates,  to  order,  at  short  notice; 
also  Grates  for  Burning  Wood. 
Having  been  brought  up  to  the 
business  and  conducted  it  at  their 
present  location  for  seventeen 
years  past  on  their  own  account, 
which  gives  them  large  experi- 
ence, they  feel  confident  of  givlni? 
as  good  work  and  at  as  rea-onal  le 
prices  as  any  house  in  the  busi- 
ness in  the  country. 

Purchasers  are  invited  to  call 
and  examine  their  a-ssortmcnt 
before  making  their  purchases 
elsewhere. 


FIRST    PREMIUM 


mwm 


Corner  Reade  and  Hudson  Streets, 


Storekeepers  in  want  of  Show-Cases  of  any  description,  will  find  at  this  establish- 
ment a  large  assortment,  consisting  of 

Which,  for  beauty  of  style  and  elegance  of  finish,  are  unrivaled  by  any  other  estab- 
lishment in  the  world. 

SILVER-PLATED  STORE  WIIOWS  MADE  TO  ORDER. 

Show-Cases  packed  and  shipped  with  care.    Orders  by  mail,  with  city  reference; 
promptly  attended  to. 

76 


Importers  and  Manufacturers  of 


TAILORS'  TRIMMINGS, 

No.  7  Mercer  Street, 


(FOOT  OF  HOWARD,  FRONTING  BROADWAY,) 


«k^^    ^®^^e 


Express  Agents  arc  requested  to  call  the  atteution  of  Tailors  to  this 
advertisement. 


H.  S.  CHAMBERLAIN 

Would  inform  his  friends  and  the  public,  that  he  has  constantly  on  hand  a 

supply  of 

Carriages,  ^uggits  ^  ^kigljs, 

Which  he  offers  for  sale  as  low  (and  as  good) 

ylS  ANY  OTHER  ESTABLISHMENT  OF  THE  KIND. 
AU  KtKOS  or  WORK  MADE  TO  OROER» 

Repairing  promptly  attended  to,  and  on  reasonable  terms. 
The  subscriber  hopes,  by  prompt  attention  to  business,  to  meet  a  share  of 
public  patronage. 

N.  B.  The  best  quality  of  Express  Wagons  constantly  on  hand. 

Corner  of  Mohawk  and  Pearl  Streets, 

BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

77 


EXPRESS    HISTORY.  77 


THE  AMERICAN  EXPRESS  COMPANY. 


In  1841,  Henry  Wells,  at  that  time,  or  a  little 
earlier,  Agent  of  Harnden  at  Albany,  suggested  to 
George  Pomeroy,  a  Western  Freight  and  Passen- 
ger Forwarder,  that  it  would  pay  to  start  an  Ex- 
press from  Albany  to  Buffalo.  The  hint  was  ta- 
ken, and  Pomeroy  made  three  trips;  acting  as  his 
own  messenger,  but  never  serving  again  in  that 
capacity.  His  Express  had  been  relinquished  for 
some  time,  when  Crawford  Livingston  proposed 
to  Henry  Wells  that  they  should  join  him  in  re- 
suming the  enterprise.  Wells  consented,  and 
Pomeroy  &  Go's  Albany  and  Buffalo  Express  was 
established  upon  an  enduring  foundation.  Its 
transportation  at  that  time  (1841)  was  by  Rail- 
road to  Auburn;  thence  by  stage,  25  miles,  to  Gen- 
eva; thence  by  Auburn  and  Rochester  R.  R.  to 
Rochester;  thence  to  Lockport,  60  miles,  by  stage; 
thence  to  Buffalo,  30  miles,  by  private  conveyance; 
and  also  from  Rochester  to  Batavia,  34  miles,  by 
Tonawanda  R.  R. ;  and  thence  to  Buffalo,  40  miles, 
by  stage.  The  trip  was  made  once  a  week,  and 
occupied  four  nights  and  three  days.  It  is  now 
accomplished  in  about  eleven  hours  each  way. 

The  Mohawk  and  Hudson  R.  R.,  the  Utica  and 
Schenectady  R.  R.,  the  Syracuse  and  Utica  R.  R., 


78'  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

the  Auburn  and  Syracuse  R.  R.,  all  had  been  in 
operation  about  a  year.  The  Rochester  and  Au- 
burn R.  R.  and  the  Tonawanda  R.  R.  were  only 
partially  built;  the  Attica  and  Buffalo  R  .R.  had 
not  been  begun.  These  seven  railways  now  com- 
pose the  great  New  York  Central  Railroad,  from 
Albany  to  Buffalo,  under  the  management  of  that 
experienced,  wise,  and  famous  Railroad  President, 
Erastus  Corning. 

Wells  served  his  firm  as  messenger  for  about  1 8 
months,  and  he  informs  us  that  during  one  year 
he  never  missed  a  trip.  In  every  instance,  he 
paid  his  fare,  and  for  extra  baggage;  like  any 
other  passenger:  say  $15  from  Albany  to  Buffalo. 
In  1842  he  carried  all  his  valuable  parcels  in  a 
carpet-bag.  In  1843  the  trips  were  made  daily, 
but  it  was  up-hill  work,  and  one  large  trunk  served 
to  hold  all  his  freight.  It  was  a  growing  trunk, 
however,  and  increased  in  inches  from  time  to 
time,  until  it  provoked  from  a  railroad  superin- 
tendent, once,  the  exclamation,  that  ''of  all  the 
wonderful  growths  which  he  had  seen  in  the  West, 
none  equalled  Wells'  trunk .'" 

The  manufacture  of  all  the  trunks  now  used  by 
his  Company  would  keep  one  establishment  busy 
all  the  while.  In  1842  or  '43  the  Special  Agent 
of  the  U.  S.  Mail  Department  made  overtures  to 
Pomeroy  &  Co.  to  do  their  business  by  that  me- 
dium, but  they  declined. 


PATENT  DIRECT  AffiG 

RIM!,  Lit  T  iD  MM  PiP. 


The  only  Pump  which  is  adapted  to  all  purposes  of  pump- 
ing from  the  Well  or  Cistern  to  the  Steam  Fire  Engine. 

Its  ingenious  arrangement  avoids  the  necessity  of  using 

Leather  or  India-rubber  Packing,  Yalves,  Springs, 

or  other  delicate  parts  liable  to  become 

disarranged  or  to  require  renewal. 


Manufactured  by  the  Pishkill  Landing  Machine  Com- 
pany, New  York. 

For  further  information,  address 

SAMUEL  B.  LEACH,  23  Piatt  St.,  N.  7. 

To  whom  all  orders  for  Pumpa  should  be  addressed. 

•78 


p.  B.  MINGLE  t,  CO., 

AND 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS, 

Wliolesale  and  Retail, 

No.  103  Market  St.  and  No.  4  North  Front  St., 

PHILADELPHIA. 


Our  business  being  confined  exclufcively  to  Seeds,  and  our  facilities  unequalled 
by  those  of  any  other  house  in  the  Country,  we  are  prepared  to  supply  all  orders  for 

on  the  most  liberal  terms.    We  give  special  attention  to 

(Wohr,  ®ima%,  JerJr  aiilr  §xt\wc)s  §rass  Sttbs, 

and  can  furnish  every  variety  of  Grass  Seeds,  in  large  or  small  quantities,  and  of  the 
very  best  quality.  We  have  also  constantly  on  hand  a  large  and  superior  stock  of 
Garden  Seeds,  comprising  every  article  in  the  Vegetable  line.  As  our  stock  is  renew- 
ed fresh  every  year,  we  cannot  but  give  satisfaction  in  these  articles;  we  sell  no  old 
Garden  Seeds. 

Our  arrangements  with  European  Houses  enable  us  to  furnish 

mPOKTEB  WHE  JlTS, 

of  the  finest  quality,  and  warranted  true  to  name  and  description  We  refer  to  the 
many  persons  who  have  purchased  Imported  Wheats  from  us  during  the  past  ten 
years,  and  respectfully  invite  the  attention  of  Agriculturists  who  are  desirous  of 
introducing  the  best  Foreign  Wheats,  to  our  large  and  very  superior  stock. 

Orders  by  mail  will  receive  prompt  attention,  and  prices  will  always  conform  to 
the  lowest  market  rates. 

F.  B.  XmNGLS  &.  CO., 

No.  lOMlBKST  STREET  aod  No.  4  NOBTI  FBUNT  STREET,  FMladeiphia,  Pa. 

79 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  T9 

Pomeroy  &  Co.  then  commenced  running  a  river 
express,  and  had  for  competitors  Pullen  &  Copp. 
This  continued  only  a  few  months,  when  P.  &  C. 
gave  up  the  Albany  and  Western  business,  and 
took  the  Troy  and  Northern  route,  acting  as  Pom- 
eroy &  Co.'s  messengers  on  the  river,  as  it  was  en- 
tirely convenient  for  them  to  do  so.  It  was  in  this 
service  that  Copp  was  robbed  of  his  trunk  contain- 
ing $64,000  of  money  and  $500,000  of  registered 
notes,  not  yet  signed  by  the  bankers.  The  history 
of  that  remarkable  robbery,  and  the  still  more  sin- 
gular recovery  of  it,  is  one  of  the  most  interesting 
chapters  in  express  experience,  and  it  will  be  found 
in  a  subsequent  part  of  this  work. 

In  the  course  of  a  year  or  two,  the  style  oi 
"  Pomeroy  &  Co.'^  was  altered  to  Livingston,  Wells 
&  Pomeroy,  and  again  to  Livingston,  Wells  &  Co., 
when  Pomeroy  retired  from  the  business. 

The  second  opposition  Express  on  that  route  was 
put  on  in  1843,  by  Bailey  &  Howard,  of  whom  we 
shall  speak  more  fully  in  our  history  of  N.  G.  How- 
ard. It  was  abandoned  after  a  few  weeks'  trial. 
Bailey  &  Jacobs  next  put  on  an  Express,  but  Ja- 
cobs getting  into  some  trouble  with  Her  British 
Majesty's  officers  of  the  Customs,  in  Canada,  went 
away;  we  don't  know  where,  only  that  after  that 
trip  up,  he  never  made  another,  and  the  "line" 
was  discontinued. 

The  most  important  fact  in  Livingston,  Wells  & 
Co.'s  history  in  the  year  prior  to  the  memorable  re- 


80  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

duction  in  postage  by  a  law  of  Congress,  was  the 
establishment  of  their  Letter  Express  between  New 
York  and  Buffalo.  The  Post  Office  was  then  charg- 
ing 25  cents  for  a  single  letter  between  these  places. 
Livingston,  Wells  &  Co.,  at  the  suggestion  of  Henry 
Wells,  advertised  to  carry  a  single  letter  for  six 
cents,  or  they  would  sell  twenty  stamps  for  one 
dollar.  This  enterprise,  in  defiance  of  the  Gov- 
ernment's assumed  prerogative  to  monopolize  the 
conveyance  of  letters,  caused  great  excitement  in 
the  West.  Public  meetings  were  called,  and  reso- 
lutions passed  by  the  merchants  and  citizens  gen- 
erally, not  to  send  or  receive  letters  by  mail  to  or 
from  any  points  where  expresses  run,  until  there 
was  a  reduction  in  U.  S.  postage  rates.  Livingston, 
Wells  &  Co.'s  Letter  Express  was,  of  course,  warmly 
approved  and  largely  patronized  by  the  public, 
greatly  to  the  chagrin  of  the  Postmaster  General. 

On  the  1st  day  of  April,  1845,  the  Western  Ex- 
press from  Buffalo  to  Cincinnati,  St.  Louis,  Chicago, 
and  intermediate  points,  was  commenced  by  Henry 
Wells,  Wm.  G.  Fargo,  and  another  person,  under 
the  style  of  Wells  &  Co.  There  were  then  no  Rail- 
road facilities  west  of  Buffalo,  and  Fargo,  who  had 
charge  of  the  business,  made  use  of  only  steamboats 
and  wagons.  Wm.  G.  Fargo,  a  native  of  Ononda- 
ga Co.,  in  this  State,  had  been  in  the  employ  of  the 
Auburn  and  Syracuse  Railroad  for  a  year  or  two, 
when  he  entered  into  the  service  of  Livingston, 
Wells  &  Co.,  as  messenger,  in  which  capacity  he 


THOMAS  H.  DODGE, 


rri|Mrn 


AND 


OFFICE  ON  SEVENTH  STREET, 


Nearly  opposite  the  Patent  and  1      . 
Post  Office  Departments.         ) 


VVASHIfiiTOli 


United  States  Patent  Ofhce,  JVbvember  3,  1858. 
SIR: 

I  have  received  with  emotions  of  unmingled  sorrow  your  letter  of 
yesterday  resigning  the  office  of  Examiner,  the  duties  of  which  you  have 
for  years  discharged  with  such  distinguished  honor  to  yourself  and  advan- 
tage to  the  public  interests.  It  would  have  been  to  me  a  source  of  high 
gratification  could  I  have  enjoyed  for  the  future  that  zealous  support  which 
you  have  so  kindly  afforded  me  iu  the  past.  While,  however,  I  feel  that 
your  retirement  will  be  a  severe  loss  to  the  service,  as  it  will  be  a  personal 
affliction  to  myself,  I  cannot  be  insensible  to  the  weight  of  the  considera- 
tions which  have  determined  you  to  seek  another  and  more  attractive  field 
of  labor.  I  shall  ever  recall,  with  the  liveliest  satisfaction,  the  pleasant 
social  and  official  relations  which  have  marked  our  intercourse  ;  and  in  ac- 
cepting your  resignation  I  beg  to  offer  you  my  heartfelt  thanks,  alike  for 
your  personal  friendship,  and  for  the  high-toned,  loyal,  and  most  effective 
co-operatioD  which,  in  the  midst  of  circumstances  of  difficulty  and  embar- 
rassment, you  have  constantly  extended  to  me  in  the  administration  of  this 
office.  In  whichever  of  the  varied  paths  of  life  it  may  be  your  fortune  to 
tread,  be  assured  that  you  will  bear  with  you  my  warmest  wishes  for  your 
success  and  happiness. 

Most  sincerely,  your  friend, 

J.  HOLT. 
Mr.  Thomas  H.  Dodge. 

80 


AMERICAN  AND  FOREIGN  PATENTS  PROCURED, 

CAVEATS   FILED, 

OBTILID,  INTERFERENCES 

And  all  business  pertaining  to  PATENTS  transacted  by 


m 

0 
D 

H 

0 


o 


4 


s  ° 

o    ^ 


o 
O 


Books  of  information  concerning  Patent  business  sent  free,  on  application. 

81 


EXPRESS      HISTORY.  81 

gave  great  satisfaction,  because  of  his  fidelity,  en- 
ergy, good  judgment  and  perseverance  under  dis- 
couragements. He  was  just  the  man,  Henry  Wells 
thought,  to  overcome  the  difficulties  in  the  way  of 
establishing  a  remunerative  express  business  in  that 
untrodden  field  west  of  Buffalo.  Nor  was  he  des- 
tined to  be  disappointed.  Fargo  worked  with  ex- 
traordinary force,  industry  and  tact  to  accomplish 
what  has  proved  to  have  been  "his  mission,"  and  after 
some  years  of  persevering  effort  he  succeeded  in 
founding  a  western  express  upon  a  permanent  basis. 

The  Letter  Express,  started  by  Henry  Wells  in 
connection  with  that  of  James  W.  Hale,  between 
New  York  and  Boston,  now  extended  from  Chicago, 
HI.,  to  Bangor,  Me.  The  Government  used  every 
means  to  break  it  up.  At  Utica,  its  officers  arrest- 
ed Wells  &  Co.'s  messengers,  daily;  but  in  every 
instance  citizens  stood  ready  with  bail-bonds  filled 
out  and  executed,  so  that  they  were  enabled  to  go 
on  with  their  letter  bags  without  losing  a  trip.  At 
Buffalo  and  Rochester,  the  entire  letter  mail  over 
the  express  route  was  sent  by  Wells  &  Co.  Offi- 
cers were  upon  the  track  at  every  point,  seeking  to 
thwart  the  enterprise;  suits  were  instituted  against 
it  in  various  parts  of  the  country,  and  the  Govern- 
ment was  defeated  in  every  case. 

The  conveyance  of  letters  at  one-quarter  the  price 
charged  by  the  Government,  was  the  most  profita- 
ble part  of  the  Express  business;  and  Henry  Wells 
(speaking  for  himself  and  several  responsible  gen- 


82  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

tleuien  who  were  desirous  of  co-operating  with  him 
in  this  matter,)  made  a  proposal  to  Major  Hobbie, 
the  First  Assistant  Postmaster  General,  to  take  the 
entire  Mail  service  of  the  United  States,  including 
the  delivery,  at  the  rate  of  five  cents  per  letter. 
**  Zounds,  sirT  replied  that  energetic  and  invalua- 
ble official.  "  It  would  throw  16,000  Postmasters  out 
of  officer  That  was  so:  and  what  would  the  Ad- 
ministration do  without  its  16,000  Postmasters? 
They  constituted  too  important  an  element  of  party 
strength  to  be  set  aside  by  any  postage  reform 
movement.  Of  course,  Wells's  proposition  was  per- 
emptorily rejected;  but  the  very  resolute  and  prac- 
tical opposition  which  he  and  Hale,  and  Harnden, 
and  others  had  initiated  against  the  U.  S.  postage 
rates,  was  so  generally  sustained  by  the  people  in 
all  sections  of  the  country,  that  Congress  was  com- 
pelled to  pass  a  law  at  its  next  session,  reducing  the 
rates  of  postage  to  about  one-fourth  of  what  they 
had  been,  though  not  quite  as  low  as  at  present. 
Thus  the  country  owes  to  the  men  whom  we  have 
named,  and  to  the  Express  Companies,  one  of  the 
most  important  reforms  that  the  mercantile  world 
has  ever  experienced.  As  soon  as  it  was  accom- 
plished. Hale,  and  Wells  &  Co.,  and  the  rest,  relin- 
quished their  entirely  triumphant  competition  with 
the  Post  Office  Department,  and,  thanks  to  the  light 
which  their  demonstration  threw  upon  the  cost  of 
carrying  the  mails !  they  have  had  no  occasion  to 
resume  it;  at  least,  not  in  the  Atlantic  States.     In 


I 


DEAKYNE  &   HOWE, 

COMMISSION  DEALERS  IN 

GRAIN,  FRUITS,  POULTRY, 

BUTTER,    EGGS, 


AND  ALL  KINDS   OF 


No.  64  North  Water  Street, 

PHILADELPHIA, 


John  Y.  Deakyne, 
Wm.  B.  Howe. 


Consignments  solicited  and  promptly  attended  to.    Goods  Ship- 
ped to  order  to  any  part  of  the  United  States. 


REFERENCE : 

J.  S.  Bewley  &  Co.,  326  South  Delaware  Avenue. 
Tflos.  Shaw,  Jr.,  242  S.  Broad  Street. 

E.  B.  Cook,  Pritts  &  Co.,  6  Yesey  Street,  Pier  283  West  Wash- 
ington Market,  New  York. 
Oliver  N.  Shannon,  Boston  Wharf,  Boston. 
R.  H.  Ware,  68  S.  Town  Street,  Columbus,  0. 
E.  W.  Stearns,  Freight  Agent,  9th  and  Green  Sts.,  Philadelphia, 

82 


GENERAL 

Commission  ^n't|ants, 


AND   DEALERS   IN 


Jersey,  Pennsjilifania,  Easleni,  Wedem  and  Soiem 

[p[gi®ii](gip 

No.  2  North  Water  Street,  Philadelphia. 


A  MOST  EXTENSIVE  ASSORTMENT  OP  THE  BEST 

by  the  barrel  or  hundred,  greened  and  ungreened,  with  and  without 

Vinegar;  Pickles  in  Yinegar  warranted  to  keep  any  desired 

length  of  time.     Particular  attention  paid  to  all 

orders  for  any  of  the  above  goods;  also,  for 

FM,  OYSTERS,  FOREIGN  MD  DOMTIC  FRIM,  ITS, 

&C,f      &Q,y      &C. 


N.  B.    Oysters  in  Cans,  put  up  in  the  best  manner. 


GEO,  MASON,  the  Original  Piokle  Merchant. 

JAMES  ELY,  formerly  of  Easton,  Pa. 
83 


EXPRESS      HISTORY.  8S 

California,  before  Uncle  Sam  had  any  mail  routes; 
the  Expresses  performed  similar  service,  until  at 
length  post  roads  being  established  by  Government, 
though  very  inefficiently,  the  Expressmen  were 
harassed  by  prosecutions,  &c.,  by  the  Post  Office 
Agent,  into  abandoning  it  there  also.  Still,  it  is  a 
very  common  thing  for  people  to  put  the  Govern- 
ment ten  cent  stamps  upon  their  California  letters, 
to  satisfy  the  law,  and  then  pay  an  Express  for  the 
conveyance;  and  this  they  do  because  they  have 
more  confidence  in  the  express  than  they  have  in 
the  post-office  delivery.  The  simple  truth  is,  that 
the  carrying  of  letters  ought  not  to  be  a  Govern- 
ment monopoly,  but  every  person  should  have  the 
privilege  of  sending  his  letters  by  any  one  who  is 
willing  to  convey  them.  If  that  liberty  existed, 
undoubtedly  the  most  of  all  the  letters,  &c.,  usually 
mailed,  would  go  by  Express. 

At  the  time  of  the  postage  reform,  exchange  in 
Chicago  upon  New  York  was  from  I5  to  3  per  cent.; 
in  Cincinnati  it  was  from  1  to  2  per  cent.;  in  Buf- 
falo, from  1  to  I2  per  cent.  The  establishment  of 
responsible  Express  Companies  immediately  reduc- 
ed the  rates  of  exchange  to  a  little  over  the  mere 
cost  of  transporting  specie,  thus  saving  millions  a 
year  to  the  commercial  community,  and  obviating 
the  necessity  of  continuing  the  United  States  Bank, 
which  had  been  the  regulator  for  many  years  pre- 
vious. 

The  firm  of  Livingston,  Wells  &  Co,  was  con- 


84  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

tinued  until  the  latter  part  of  1846.  Just  prior  to 
that,  Henry  Wells  sold  out  his  interest  in  the  West- 
ern Express  to  Wm.  A.  Livingston,  and  that  con- 
cern assumed  the  style  which  it  still  holds,  viz., 
Livingston  &  Fargo.  Wells  then  removed  to  New- 
York,  to  assist  his  partner,  Crawford  Livingston, 
in  the  management  of  Livingston,  Wells  &  Co.'s 
Express,  the  business  of  which,  in  this  city,  had 
very  much  increased.  Wm.  A.  Livingston  acted  as 
their  agent  in  Albany,  and  has  served  in  that  ca- 
pacity (with  a  proprietary  interest  at  a  later  period, 
we  believe,)  ever  since. 

In  1846,  or  thereabouts,  Livingston,  Wells  &  Co. 
commenced  their  European  Express,  and  establish- 
ed offices  at  London  and  Paris. 

About  that  time  a  concern  called  "Henry  & 
Co.'s  Express,"  was  started  upon  the  Albany  and 
Buffalo  route,  paying,  like  L.,  W.  &  Co.,  $100  per 
day  for  railroad  facilities.  If  our  recollection  serves 
us,  this  new  enterprise  was  abandoned  after  the 
first  few  trips.  The  expense  was  too  heavy.  Then 
another  opposition  was  put  on  by  Green  &  Co.,  a 
Baltimore  firm,  who  run  it  six  months,  and  having 
sunk  sixty  thousand  dollars,  gave  it  up  as  a  bad 
job.  The  fact  was,  that  two  harder  men  to  con- 
tend with  could  not  have  been  found  than  Henry 
Wells  and  Crawford  Livingston.  The  former  has 
"made  himself,"  and  it  requires  no  praise  at  our 
hands  to  add  to  his  reputation.  The  latter  was 
known  only  in  the  earher  phases  of  the  business, 


C.    DONAT, 

Nos.  66  and  68  North  Water  Street, 


COMMISSIOIV  MERCHAPfT, 

AND    WHOLESALE!    DEALER   IN 

AI>I>IIS,  Fl  AC^IS,  FIT  OTIIS. 

BEANS,  BERRiESglDRIED  FRUITS, 

m^  lit  i,  nis,  raiLf  if , 

Butter,  Eggs,  Cranberries,  &c.,  &c. 

All  kinds  and  varieties  of  Country  Produce  received  and  sold  on  Commis- 
sion.    Consignments  respectfully  solicited. 


Orders  for  Shipment  of  Produce  to  any  part  of  the  United  States 
promptly  attended  to. 


REFERENCES: 

J.  PRICE  WETHERILL,    HAGEN  &  BOYD,      C.  C.  BABBIT. 

84 


SHEFFIELD   &   DAVIS, 


WHOLESALE   DEALERS   IN 


FOREIGN    AND    DOMESTIC 


mm  &  §mm  mmi 


IMXTTPJS,     dE30., 


No.  236  Washijvgton  Street, 


Between  Barclay  and  Bobinson  Streets, 


We  are  constantly  prepared  to  furnish  to  the  Trade  all 
articles  in  the  Fruit  line,  in  their  season.  By  long  and 
thorou^  experience  in  the  business,  we  are  enabled  to  give 
our  customers  the  full  advantage  of  the  market. 


All  kinds  of  Country  Produce  Sold  on  Commission. 

85 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  85 

but  we  have  often  heard  the  highest  encomiums  of 
his  wisdom,  abiUty  and  enterprise  as  an  Express 
proprietor. 

Crawford  Livingston  died  in  1847,  at  his  father ^s 
residence  in  Livingston,  Columbia  Co.,  in  this,  his 
native  state.  Like  Harnden's,  his  disease  was  con- 
sumption, (a  fell-destroyer  of  many  Expressmen,) 
and  he  was  about  the  same  age  at  his  death,  viz., 
34  years.  It  was  his  last  request,  that  his  partner 
should  allow  his  interest  in  the  Express  to  continue 
for  the  benefit  of  his  widow  and  cliildren;  and  with 
this  Henry  Wells  religiously  complied,  but  the  style 
of  the  firm  was  changed  to  Wells  &  Co.  Its  office 
at  that  time,  and  long  afterwards,  was  at  10  Wall 
Street,  in  a  block  of  buildings  then  occupied  by  the 
principal  expresses,  but  which  was  removed  some 
years  ago  to  make  way  for  modern  improvements. 

Wells,  himself,  was  out  of  health,  when,  by  the 
premature  decease  of  his  excellent  partner,  all  the 
labor  of  conducting  their  constantly  enlarging  ex- 
press operations  devolved  upon  him.  Still,  he  gen- 
erously continued  the  Livingston  interest  for  the 
benefit  of  the  family  of  the  deceased,  until  1848, 
when  Mrs.  L.  voluntarily  withdrew  it.  Shortly  af- 
terwards, Johnston  Livingston  and  Edward  C.  Wins- 
low  each  purchased  a  one-third  interest  in  Wells' 
Express,  and  the  style  of  Wells  &  Co.  was  pre- 
served.    Winslow  died  in  1849. 

In  the  fall  of  that  year  a  formidable  opposition 
Express  was  started  over  the  New  York  Central 


85  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

R.  R.  by  Butterfield,  Wasson  &  Co.  It  was  a  joint- 
stock  concern,  with  a  capital  of  $50,000.  John 
Butterfield,  who  was  at  the  head  of  it,  was  no  mean 
competitor.  Like  one  or  more  of  our  railroad  presi- 
dents, he  had  been  a  stage-driver  in  his  younger 
days,  and  a  very  popular  one  he  was,  too.  Before 
long  he  became  a  stage-owner,  and  at  length  the 
sole  proprietor  of  all  the  principal  lines  in  the  cen- 
tre of  this  state.  In  1849,  he  was  engaged  in  the 
transportation  of  freight  across  the  Isthmus  of  Pan- 
ama. He  was  the  projector  of  the  Morse  Telegraph 
Line  between  New  York  and  Buffalo,  and,  after 
building  the  line  by  contract,  put  it  into  successful 
operation.  Enlisting  others  with  him,  he  founded 
a  splendid  line  of  large  and  commodious  steamers 
on  Lake  Ontario  and  the  St.  Lawrence  River.  In 
1848  or  '49,  he  projected  the  joint-stock  Express 
Company,  before  mentioned.  Wasson,  who  was 
associated  with  him  in  this  enterprise,  had  formerly 
been  a  stage  proprietor,  but  was  then  Postmaster 
at  Albany. 

Early  in  1850,  negotiations  were  entered  into 
by  Wells  &  Co.,  Livingston  &  Fargo,  and  Butter- 
field, Wasson  &  Co.,  for  the  consolidation  of  the 
three  into  one  grand  line.  The  result  was,  that 
the  property  and  good  will  of  W.  &  Co.  were  put 
in  at  a  valuation  of  $50,000,  and  those  of  L.  &  F.  at 
$50,000:  Butterfield,  Wasson  &  Co.  put  in  theirs 
at  $25,000,  and  made  up  the  difference  in  cash. 
Two  firms  were  then  made  of  the  three,  viz:  "Wells, 


ROSEISTD^LE 


f 

MANUFACTURED  AT  THE  EXTENSIVE  WORKS  OF  THE  SUBSCRIBERS, 

WHOSE  QUARRIES  ARE  SITUATED  IN  THE 

f  iWi  m  iiiiieiLE. 

ULSTER  COUNTY,  STATE  OF  NEW  YORK, 

ON  THE  LINE  OF  THE  DELAWARE  AND  HUDSON  CANAL. 

This  Cement  possesses  superior  hydraulic  properties  ;  it 

has  been  thoroughly  examined  and  tested  by  order 

of  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  and  is 

extensively  used  in  the  Fortifications  and 

other  principal  Public  Works  of  the 

Country. 

THE  OFFICE  OF  THE  MANUFACTURERS 

IS  AT 

No,  104  Wall    Street,  New  York, 

WHERE  ORDERS  WILL  BE  RECEIVED. 

DELAFIELD  &  BAXTER. 

86 


GMJRlSrEY'S 

NEW    PHOTOGRAPHIC    AND    FINE    ART 


First  Block  below  the  New  York  Hotel,  ITS W  1"®MM.< 

ESTABLISHED  1840. 


The  particular  styles  of  pictures  which  Messrs.  GURNEY  &  SON  are  now  producing 

are  as  follows : 

PHOTOGRAPHS,  of  all  sizes,  from  Miniature  to  Life  size,  finished  in  Oil, 
Pastel,  Water  Colors,  India  Ink,  and  Crayon,  by  a  corps  of  talented  Artists. 

IMPERIAL,  retouched  and  Plain  Photographs. 

MINIATURES  IN  OIL,  for  Beauty,  Delicacy,  and  Finish,  are  unequalled. 

IVORYTYPES,— This  new  and  beautiful  style  of  portraiture  (first  introduced 
by  Mr.  J.  Gurney,  in  New  York,  and  made  only  at  this  establishment,)  has  all 
the  correctness  of  a  plain  Photograph,  combined  with  the  finish  of  the  most  delicate 
Miniature  on  Ivory. 

DAGUERREOTYPES,  in  the  usual  artistic  styles. 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  VISITING  CARDS.-The  Ladies  especially  are 
requested  to  call  and  examine  this  unique  and  beautiful  style  of  Visiting  Card,  the 
same  as  now  used  by  the  upper  circles  of  society,  and  is  the  mode  in  Paris  and 
London. 

It  is  also  the  most  convenient  style  of  Portraiture  for  the  exchange  of  likeness 
with  friends  residing  in  distant  parts,  as  it  is  of  a  convenient  size  to  be  inclosed  in 
any  ordinary  envelope,  safely  to  any  part  of  the  world. 

STEREOSCOPIC  PICTURES.— Messrs.  Gurney  &  Son  are  now  prepared 
to  give  their  attention  to  making  groups  of  Families,  or  single  persons,  at  the  Gal- 
lery, or  by  appointment,  to  visit  private  residences,  having  everything  suitably 
arranged  for  making  groups  in  the  Parlor  or  Garden.  Views  of  Buildings,  Ani- 
mals, Statuary,  or  in  fact  anything  in  the  Stereoscopic  line  of  picture,  can  be  ex- 
ecuted in  the  most  truthful  manner,  to  suit  the  most  fastidious. 
N.  B. — Old  Daguerreotypes  of  Deceased  Persons  can  be  copied  by  the  Photographic 

process,  enlarged  to  any  size,  and  colored  in  any  style  equal  to  those  made  from  life- 
The  largest  collection  of  Photographs  of  Statesmen,  Divines,  Poets,  Literary  and 

Military  Men,  to  be  seen  in  the  world.    Also,  on  exhibition,  the  largest  collection  of 

Testimonials  ever  awarded  any  Artist  for  Photographic  productions. 

PERFECT    SATISFACTION    GUARANTEED. 

Gallery  open  from  8  A.M.  till  9  P.M.  for  the  free  inspection  of  the  Public. 

J.    GURNEY   &   SON,    Photographic  Artists, 

TOT  BROADWAY,  N*  Y. 

81 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  87 

Butterfield  &  Co.,"  and  *'  Livingston,  Fargo  &  Co.," 
but  comprised  in  a  joint-stock  concern,  under  the 
style  of  "  The  American  Express  Company."  It 
was  stipulated  that  this  arrangement  should  last 
ten  years.  Henry  Wells,  then  absent  in  Europe, 
was  elected  President  of  the  new  Company,  and  he 
still  serves  in  that  capacity.  At  the  same  time,  Wm. 
G.  Fargo,  of  Buffalo,  was  elected  Secretary;  John 
Butterfield,  of  Utica,  Line  Superintendent;  and  Al- 
exander Holland,  of  Schenectady,  Treasurer.  The 
latter  (a  son-in-law  of  John  Butterfield,)  was  ap- 
pointed New  York  Agent,  and  the  duties  of  this 
important,  responsible,  and  laborious  office,  as  well 
as  those  of  the  treasuryship,  he  has  discharged  for 
about  eight  years  past  with  excellent  judgment  and 
the  most  exemplary  fidelity.  It  would  be  hard  to 
find  a  more  unselfish,  true  and  manly  person  than 
Alexander  Holland.  T.  B.  Marsh  was  a  very  use- 
ful man  in  the  Buffalo  office.  James  C.  Fargo, 
Agent  at  Chicago,  and  General  Superintendent  of 
the  Northwestern  Division,  has  been  from  its  com- 
mencement a  very  valuable  aid  to  the  able  men 
already  mentioned.  From  intimate  personal  knowl- 
edge, we  can  speak  of  him  as  a  thorough  gentle- 
man, and  in  every  respect  fitted  to  conduct  an  ex- 
tensive business.  Indeed,  the  Fargos  are  pre-emi- 
nently an  Express  family.  Charles  Fargo,  the  very 
popular  Agent  and  Assistant  Superintendent  at 
Detroit,  is  the  proprietor  of  the  Lake  Superior  Ex- 
press, which  he  started  about  six  years  ago.     Chas. 


88  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

S.  Higgins,  also,  General  Superintendent  of  the 
Southwestern  Division,  has  distinguished  himself  as 
an  Express  manager.  Other  prominent  and  invalu- 
able agents  for  some  years  past,  are  W.  B.  Peck, 
at  Buffalo,  Dr.  Arnett,  at  Suspension  Bridge,  A. 
Seymour,  at  Geneva,  Maj.  Doty,  at  Auburn,  and  L. 
B.  Van  Dake,  at  Rochester. 

In  1852,  Henry  Wells,  Wm.  G.  Fargo  and  oth- 
ers, projected  Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.'s  California  Ex- 
press, of  which  we  shall  speak  more,  fully  by  and 
by.  In  that  or  the  following  year.  Wells,  Butter- 
field  &  Co.  removed  the  New  York  Office  of  the 
American  Express  to  the  spacious  and  convenient 
store,  No.  62  Broadway,  where  they  remained  un- 
til the  completion  of  their  present  stately  edifice  in 
Hudson  Street. 

In  the  meantime,  the  Bank  exchanges  performed 
by  the  Company  between  St.  Louis,  Cincinnati, 
Chicago,  Detroit,  Buffalo,  Albany,  New  York,  and 
intermediate  points,  had  become  in  itself  an  im- 
mense business.  The  parcel  and  freight  Express, 
also,  had  increased  a  hundred  fold  within  ten  years. 

Early  in  1854,  another  powerful  opposition  Ex- 
press suddenly  started  into  existence,  and  astonish- 
ed Broadway  with  its  turnout  of  fine  horses  and 
beautiful  vermiHon-red  wagons,  with  the  name  in 
elegant  letters  on  the  sides,  '*  United  States  Express 
Company."  This  was  not  the  Express  which  bears 
that  name  at  the  present  day.  Its  projectors  were 
Charles   Backus,   Hamilton    Spencer,   and    Henry 


HALL  &  WALDRON, 

MANUFACTURERS  OF  LANTERNS 

SPcu±LCuLa.6  aiteiitLon.  QLiieii  ta  j£aiitcinA.  fai.  Stall  M.aad 

and  ^xJLiieM.  liuAiiieAA. 

LANTERNS  DECORATED  AND  MARKED  TO  ORDER. 

No.  78  Maiden  Lane, 
C.  M.  ALEXANDER, 

i®^ISIf  ©1  ©I  Mf  SIf  S 

AND 

ATTORNEY  AT  PATENT  LAW, 

Office  449  Seventh  Street,  between  IP  and  £  Sts., 

W^  Advice  given  respecting  infringements  and  validity  of  Patents. 

STIGER,  RANDOLPH  &  CO., 

€0MMIiM01    MEMHAITS, 

AND   DEALERS    IN 

Grain,  Flour,  Feed,  Meal,  &Ci, 

No.  100  WEST  STREET, 


JNO.  S.  STIGER, 
A.  R.  RANDOLPH 
SIOLER  STIGER 


88 


S^©^^^DB^©. 


THE  SUBSCRIBERS  ARE  PREPARED  TO  EXECUTE  ALL  KINDS  OP 


AND 


u^xuvin^  0n^oo^ 


Promptly  and  in  the  best  style  of  the  art,  upon  the  most  reasonable  terms. 
All  kinds  of  Book  Illustrations,  Yiews  of  Buildinj^s,  Machinery, 
Landscapes,  &c.     Portraits,  Animals,  Societies'  Seals, 
Druggists'  Labels,  Newspaper  Heads,  Maga- 
zine Covers,  Bill  Heads,  Tobacco 
and  other  Stamps. 

Illustrations  for  Catalogues. 

MANUFACTURERS    OF 

.  ILLUMINATED  ENVELOPES. 

Orders  for  Electrotyping,  Stereotyping,  &c.,  promptly  attended  to. 

N.    ORH    &    CO., 

52  John  Street,  New  York  Citf. 

89 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  89 

D wight,  who,  with  the  aid  of  others,  had  made  it  a 
joint-stock  Company,  with  a  nominal  capital  of  half 
a  million  of  dollars.  Without  making  any  money 
themselves,  it  was  in  the  power  of  the  new  associ- 
ates to  inflict  great  injury  to  the  established  Ex- 
press, and  this  fact  led  to  an  amicable  and  judicious 
arrangement  between  the  old  and  the  new  Com- 
pany, by  means  of  which  the  latter  was  merged  in 
the  former;  its  proprietors  becoming  stockholders 
in  the  American  Express  Company,  which  created 
a  new  stock  at  that  time,  July,  1854,  and  increased 
its  capital  to  $750,000.  In  the  month  of  Septem- 
ber, 1855,  the  American  Express  Co.  were  robbed 
of  $50,000.  It  belonged  to  the  Government,  and 
v/as  promptly  made  good  by  the  Company.  The 
particulars  will  be  given  in  another  part  of  this  work. 
The  Company  now  make  use  of  an  office.  No.  64 
Broadway,  but  in  July,  1858,  they  removed  the 
bulk  of  their  N.  Y.  business  to  their  new  white  mar- 
ble building,  at  the  corner  of  Hudson  and  Jay 
Streets.  It  is  very  conveniently  situated,  upon  a 
line  with  the  Hudson  River  R.  R.,  from  which,  by 
means  of  a  track  of  their  own,  the  American  Ex- 
press Co.  can  run  their  express  cars  right  into  their 
office.  This  site  is  just  100  feet  square,  and  cost 
$100,000.  The  spacious  and  superb  edifice  erect- 
ed by  the  Company  upon  it,  under  the  immediate 
direction  of  Alexander  Holland,  assisted  by  Col.  A. 
M.  C.  Smith,  contains,  besides  the  Express  office,  a 
commodious  store  and  several   large  warerooms. 


90  EXPRESS    HISTORY. 

January  1,  1860,  the  Company  was  re-organized, 
and  the  capital  stock  increased  to  $1,000,000.  Its 
Board  of  Government  is  as  follows: 

Henry  Wells,  President.  John  Butterfield,  Vice- 
President.  Wm.  G  Fargo,  Secretary.  Johnston 
Livingston,  Alex.  Holland,  Directors. 

The  Superintendent  of  the  Eastern,  or  Xew  York 
Division,  is  Daniel  Butterfield.  Of  James  C.  Far- 
go, General  Superintendent  of  the  North- Western 
Division,  we  have  already  spoken.  He  is  ably 
assisted  by  Charles  H.  Wells,  Superintendent  of  the 
"Cleveland  Division;"  E.  W.  Sloane,  Superintend- 
ent of  the  ''Indianapolis  Division;"  J.  H.  Talbot, 
Superintendent  of  the  "Canada  Division:"  R.  B. 
Peckham,  Div.  Sup^t  of  Wisconsin;  Charles  Fargo, 
Div.  Sup't  of  Michigan  and  Indiana. 


THE  NATIONAL  EXPRESS  COMPANY. 


The  headquarters  of  this  Company,  in  New 
York,  is  well  represented  in  our  engraving  of  the 
office.  No.  74  Broadway.  The  original  projector  of 
the  business  now  done  by  this  excellent  Company, 
was  J.  A.  Pullen,  and  he  continues  to  be  one  of  its 
managers.  He  has  already  been  named  in  this 
work,  as  one  of  the  earliest  and  most  efficient  of 
Harnden's  aids.  Before  entering  that  service,  he  was 
agent  for  the  New  York  and  Providence  steamers 
J.  W.  Richmond  and  Kingston,  and  used  to  travel 


THE 


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90 


SUN  MUTUAL  INSURANCE  COMPANY, 

No.  49  Wall  Street, 


MMl  INLll  MMTION  AND  FIRE  RISKS. 


RESERVED  CAPITAL,  $1,000,000. 


ASSETS: 

Real  Estate  and  Bonds  and  Mortgages $583,500  00 

Stocks,  Loans  on  Stock,  Interest,  Accrued  Rents,  Scrip  of 

other  Companies,  &c 647,169  49 

Bills  Receivable 576,354  17 

Premium  Accounts  not  yet  collected 10,491  29 

Cash 156,715  77 

$1,974,230  72 

The  assured  receive  in  scrip,  bearing  interest,  the  whole  profits  of  the 
Company  each  year,  divided  amongst  the  dealers  whose  risks  have  termi- 
nated during  the  year. 


MOSES  H.  GRINNELL, 
ROSWELL  SPRAGUE, 
OLIVER  SUITE,  Jr., 
WILLIAM  H.  MACY, 
DRAKE  MILLS, 
G.  WINTHROF  GRAY, 
SAMUEL  L.  MITCHILL. 
FREDERICK  G.  FOSTER, 
PEl'ER  POIRIER, 
SCHUYLER  UVINGSTOX, 


TRUSTEES 

LOUIS  LORUT, 
ANTHONY  B.  NEILSON, 
JOHN  WHITEHEAD, 
WM.  H.  NEWMAIi, 

HENRY  A.  corr, 

CHAS.  H.  MARSHALL, 
JOSEPH  FOULKE,  Jr.. 
JACOB  R.  NEMUS, 
JOSEPH  GAILLARD,  Jr., 
P.  STRAChAN, 

s;mo\  de  ^^ssER. 


ALEX.  M.  LAWRENCE, 
JOHN  A.  ISEUN. 
EDWIN  BARTLETT. 
FJJAS  PONVERT,   ' 
GEORGE  G.  HOBSON, 
U.  A.  MURDOCH, 
PERCY  R.  PYNE, 
CHARLES  STRECKER, 
SAMUEL  M.  FOX, 
JOSEPH  V.  ONATIVIA, 


A.  B.  NEILSON,  President. 
JOHN  WHITEHEAD,  Vice-President. 
WM.  H.  NEVIUS,  Secretary. 

91 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  91 

over  the  route,  from  Boston,  daily.  Of  good  figure 
and  fine  address,  and  enthusiastically  absorbed  in 
the  execution  of  the  express  business  intrusted  to 
him  by  its  pioneer,  Major  Pullen  was  invaluable  as 
a  messenger  in  1840,  between  New  York  and  Bos- 
ton; in  1841,  between  New  York  and  Philadelphia; 
in  1842,  between  New  York,  Albany  and  Troy,  via 
the  Hudson  River  steanaboats. 

In  the  winter  of  1842,  or  the  spring  of  1843, 
Harnden  having  sold  out  his  Hudson  River  Ex- 
press, PuUen  &  Copp  started  a  like  business  on  that 
route,  from  New  York  to  Albany,  Troy  and  Sara- 
toga Springs.  At  that  time,  Pomeroy  &  Co.,  who 
had  been  doing  a  business  between  Albany  and 
Buffalo  for  several  months,  extended  their  Hue  to 
New  York. 

In  1844  or  '45,  by  an  arrangement  between  Pul- 
len &  Copp,  and  Pomeroy  &  Co.,  they  ceased  their 
opposition,  by  making  a  division  of  their  routes — 
the  former  taking  Troy  and  North;  the  latter  Al- 
bany and  West — and  that  arrangement  has  con- 
tinued in  force  to  this  day.  It  led  to  some  reci- 
procity of  service  between  them,  Pullen  &  Copp 
taking  charge  of  Pomeroy  &  Co.'s  Express  trunk 
and  freight  between  Albany  and  New  York.  An 
extraordinary  incident  which  happened  to  Copp,  in 
that  connection,  will  be  related  in  our  budget  of  Ex- 
press anecdotes.  Soon  afterwards,  C.  retired  from 
the  firm,  and  Major  P.  took  E.  L.  Stone  as  a  part- 
ner, under  the  style  of  Pullen  &  Co. 


92  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

In  1843,  a  Mr.  Jacobs  had  started  an  Express 
from  Albany  to  Montreal,  and  continued  it  for  a 
year  or  more.  E.  H.  Yirgil,  since  somewhat  promi- 
nent as  an  Express  proprietor,  acted  as  his  messen- 
ger and  agent  about  a  year,  and  then,  in  company 
with  N.  G.  Howard,  purchased  Jacobs'  interest. 
They  called  it  Yirgil  &  Howard's  Express.  Its  route 
was  by  packet  boats  or  stage  from  Albany  to  White- 
hall, and  thence  by  steamers,  via  Lake  Champlain 
and  Railroad,  to  Montreal.  It  connected  at  Troy 
and  Albany  with  Pullen  &  Co.'s.  Early  in  1844, 
H.  F.  Rice  bought  out  Howard's  interest,  and  the 
firm  became  Yirgil  &  Rice.  H.  H.  Haile,  of  Platts- 
burgh,  was  in  their  employment,  and  has  continued 
on  this  line  ever  since.  This  firm,  ere  long,  united 
with  the  other,  under  the  style  of  Pullen,  Yirgil  k 
Co.'s  Express.  Their  route  was  from  this  city,  via 
Northern  New  York  and  Yermont,  to  the  principal 
cities  in  Canada.  It  was  not.  at  that  period,  a  very 
promising  field  of  operation,  and  men  of  less  san- 
guine temperament,  resolution,  and  energy,  would 
have  abandoned  it.  Fortunately,  E.  H.  Yirgil,  upon 
whom  devolved  the  immediate  superintendence  of 
the  offices  and  business  details  upon  the  route,  was 
a  man  of  great  physical  ability  united  to  sagacity, 
experience  and  tenacity  of  purpose.  He  had  a  pe- 
culiar people  to  deal  with,  especially  in  Canada 
where  they  are  slow  to  enlist  in  new  enterprises. 
It  was  only  by  the  most  untiring  sauvity  and  patient 
demonstration  of  the  uses  and  security  of  the  Ex- 


MERCANTILE 
No.  35  Wall  Street. 


IlSrOORFOR^TED  MA.Y  12,   1843. 


ASSETS,  JANUARY  1st,  1860,  $1,125,000. 


iiiiii  liiiiiiiE 

To  and  from  Foreign  and  Home  Ports,  on  Cargo,  Vessels,  and  Freights. 

ALSO, 

INLAND  INSTIBANCE 

On  Goods  to  and  from  all  places  in  the  United  States,  by  Rivers,  Lakes, 
and  Rail  Roads,  covering  the  risks  of  Fire  and  Theft  in  transit. 

ELLWOOD  WALTER,  President, 
CHAS.  NEWCOMB,  Vice-President 
C.  J.  PESPARD,  Secretary. 


TRUSTEES. 

Joseph  Walker,  E.  Haydock  White,  Francis  Hathaway, 

James  Freeland,  N.  L.  McCready,  Aaron  L.  Reid, 

Samuel  Willets,  Daniel  T.  Willets,  John  S.  Williams, 

Robert  L.  Taylor,  L.  Edgerton.  John  McKesson, 

William  T.  Frost,  Henry  R.  Kunhardt,  Horatio  Eagle, 

William  Watt,  E.  E.  Morgan,  William  Nelson,  Jr., 

Henry  Eyre,  Her.  A.  Schleicher,  Charles  Dimon, 

Cornelius  Grinnell,  William  Boyd,  A.  Wm.  Heye, 

Benjamin  M.  Whitlock,  James  D.  Fish,  Harold  Dollner, 

Ellwood  Walter,  Henry  W.  Johnson,  Paul  N.  Spoflford. 

Jamets  Chambers,  Geo.  W.  Hennings, 

ELLWOOD  WALTER,  President. 
CHAS.  NEWCOMB,  Vice-PresidenL 
C.  J.  DESPARD,  Secretary. 

92 


lenraiee  Company 

OF    l^EW    YORK. 

!  Office,  Nos.  112  and  114  BROADWAY. 

ASSETS,  1st  January,  1860 $1,458,396  28 

LIABILITIES,       «  «     42,580  43 


The  Home  Insurance  Company  continues  to  insure  against  Loss  or  Damage 

by  Fire  and  the  Dangers  of  Inland  Navigation  and  Transportation, 

on  terms  as  favorable  as  the  nature  of  the  risks  and  the  real 

security  of  the  insured  and  of  the  Company  will  warrant. 

LOSSES  EOPITABLY  ADJUSTED  Al  PROMPTLY  PAID. 

r>  1 1^  E  c  T  o  i^  s - 

WILLIAM  G.  LAMBBRT Firm  of  A.  &  A.  Lawrence  &  Co. 

GEORGE  C.  COLLINS "      Sherman,  CoHins  k  Co. 

DANFORD  N.  BARNEY *'       Wells,  Fargo  &  Co. 

LUCIUS  HOPKINS President  Imrorters'  and  Traders'  Bank. 

THOMAS  MESSENGER Firmof  T.  &H.  Messenger. 

WILLIAM  H.  MELLEN "      Gaflin,  Mellen  &  Co. 

CHARIJS  J.  MARTIN Prksidktt. 

A.  F.  WILLMARTH Vick-Prksidknt. 

CHARLES  B.  HATCH Firm  of  C.  B.  Hatch  4  Co. 

B.  WATSON  BULL "      Merrick  *  BulL 

HOMER  MORGAN 

LEVI  P.  STONE Stone,  Starr  &  Co. 

JAMES  HUMPHREY Late  Firm  of  Barney,  Humphrey  k  Butler. 

GEORGE  PEARCE "  George  Pearce  &  Co. 

WARD  A.  WORK "  Ward  A.  Work  &  Son. 

JAMES  LOW "  James  Low  &  Co.,  of  Louisville. 

I.  H.  FROTHINGHAM L»t«  "  I  H.  Frothingham  *  Co. 

CHARLES  A.  BULKLEY "  Bulklev  &  Co. 

CEPHAS  H.  NORTON "  Norton  &  Jewett. 

ROE  LOCKWOOD "  R.  Lock  wood  &  Son. 

THEODORE  McNAMEE Late  "  Bowen,  McNamee  &  Co. 

RICHARD  BIGELOW "  Doan,  King  &  Co.,  of  St.  Louis, 

GEORGE  D.  MORGAN "  E.  D.  Morgnn  &  Co. 

OLIVER  E.  WOOD ''  Willard,  Wood  &  Co. 

ALFRED  S.  BARNES ♦'  A.  S.  Barnes  &  Burr. 

GEORGE  BLISS "  Phelps,  Bliss  &  Co. 

AMOS  T.  DWIGHT "  Trowbridge,  Dwight  &  Co. 

CURTIS  NOBIJ: "  Curtis  Noble  &  Co. 

LEVI  P.  MORTON "  Morton,  Grinnell  &  Co. 

JOHN  B.  HUTCHINSON  *'  J.  C.  Howe  &  Co.,  Boston. 

CHARLES  P.  BALDWIN "  Baldwin,  Starr  &  Co. 

HENRY  A.  HURLBUT "  Swift,  Hurlbut  &  Co. 

JESSEHOYT "  Jesse  Hoyt  &  Co. 

WM.  STURGIS,  JR "  Sturgis,  Shaw  &  Co. 

JOHN  R.  FORD "  Ford  Rubber  Co. 

SIDNEY  MASON Late  "  Mason  &  Thompson. 

GEO.  T.  STEDMAN "  Stedman,  Carlisle  &  Shaw,  of  Cincinnati. 

CYRUS  YALE,  jR "  Cyrus  Yale,  Jr.,  &Co.,  of  New  Orleans. 

WM.  R.  FOSDICK ♦♦  Wm.  R.  &  Charles  B.  Fosdiek. 

DAVID  L  BOYD "  Boyd  Brothers  &  Co.,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

F.  H.  COSSITT "  Cossitt,  Hill  &  Talmadge,  Memphis. 

LEWISROBERTS »•  L.  Roberts  &  Co. 

SAMUEL  B.  CALDWELL "  Brewer  &  CaldweU. 

A.  J.  WILLS "  Pulliam,  Wills,  Rankin  &  Co. 

WM.  H.  TOWNSEND "  Henrys,  Smith  &  Townsend. 

^*/  *>'w  CHAS.  J.  MARTIN,  President 

J.  MILTON  SMITH,  Seo'y.  A.  P.  "WILLMARTH,  Vice-Prea 

JOHN  McGEE,  Asst.  Sec'y. 

93 


EXPRESS      U  J  .>  T  o  a  Y  .  93 

press,  for  a  long  time,  that  he  succeeded  at  last  in 
estahlishing  it  in  that  region  upon  the  same  basis  of 
popular  appreciation  to  which  it  had  so  rapidly  at- 
tained in  Massachusetts  and  ^ew  York. 

In  1849,  the  firm  consisted  of  J.  A.  Pullen,  E. 
Ti.  Virgil,  Edward  L.  Stone,  and  C.  A.  Darhng. 

Upon  the  opening  of  the  Albany  Northern  Rail- 
road in  1854,  Robert  L.  Johnson,  Wm.  A.  Livings- 
ton, and  W.  E.  Hys  established  a  Northern  Express, 
under  the  style  of  Johnson  &  Co.,  from  Albany  to 
Rutland,  Saratoga,  &c.,  with  a  view  of  extending  it 
into  Canada.  This  enterprise  came  into  competi- 
tion with  Pullen,  Yirgil  &  Co.,  and  after  its  success 
had  become  certain,  it  was  deemed  politic  by  th^ 
two  concerns  to  consolidate,  especially  as  both  wero 
composed  of  old  and  influential  Expressmen,  who 
could  puU  together  far  more  profitably,  and  satis* 
factorily,  than  apart. 

Accordingly,  in  the  spring  of  1855,  it  became  a 
joint-stock  Express,  under  the  style  of  the  "  Nation- 
al Express  Company,*'  capital  stock  $250,000;  D. 
N.  Barney,  President. 

The  General  Manager  of  the  New  York  terminus 
was  J.  A.  Pullen;  the  Agent,  here,  W.  P.  Janes. 
E.  H.  Yirgil,  of  Troy,  was  Superintendent  of  the 
Routes. 

D.  N.  Barney  had  not  been  educated  by  experi- 
ence as  an  Expressman,  but  as  a  Banker.  It  is  true, 
that  he  was  Pi-esident  of  the  joint-stock  Express 
known  as  Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.,  but  it  was  rather  be- 


94  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

cause  of  his  large  experience  and  position  as  a 
banker  and  capitalist,  that  he  became  the  head  of 
two  or  three  of  those  companies,  whose  history  we 
now  have  under  consideration.  The  Express  pro- 
prietary interests,  grown  to  joint-stock  corpora- 
tions, had  assumed  a  financial  phase  not  at  all  com- 
prehended in  Express  routine,  and  it  was  well,  per- 
haps, to  bring  to  their  aid,  under  these  circumstances, 
a  kind  of  talent  and  ability  never  before  demanded 
by  the  exigences  of  the  business.  To  that  fact  we 
ascribe  the  election  of  D.  N.  Barney  as  President 
of  the  National  Express  Company;  the  prosperity 
which  has  attended  the  new  organization,  under  his 
administration  of  its  affairs,  has  fully  vindicated  the 
wisdom  of  the  choice. 

This  Express  now  has  contracts  for  the  best  facili- 
ties which  can  be  afforded  by  the  Hudson  River 
Railroad;  the  Troy  and  Boston  Railroad;  the  Sara- 
toga and  Whitehall  Railroad;  Rutland  and  Wash- 
ington, Western  Vermont  Railroads;  Rutland  and 
Burlington  Railroad,  and  Champlain  and  St.  Law- 
rence Railroad. 

In  the  winter,  they  make  use  of  stages  from  Bur- 
Ungton,  Vt.,  to  Keeseville,  N.  Y.;  in  the  spring,  sum- 
mer and  fall,  the  steamers,  and  the  Plattsburgh  and 
Montreal  Railroad,  via  Rouse's  Point. 

In  Canada,  the  operations  of  the  National  Express 
Company  are  very  important.  Not  the  least  part 
of  their  service  is  the  attention  which  they  give  to 
the  Custom  House  business. 


NEW  INVENTION  OF  ARTIFICIAL  LIMBS. 


SELPHO'S  PATEKT  ELASTIC 
ANGLESEY    LEG 

iV.MSllPl©IiK.la  IHASl©, 

Manufactured  at 

516  Broadway,  opp.  St.  Nicholas  Hotel, 

NEW   YORK. 


WILLIAM    SELPHO 

Continuea  to  manufacture  on  the  above  unerring  and  beautiful  principle,  through  which  he  has  been 
80  successful  for  the  past  nineteen  years  in  this  city.  It  is  worthy  of  note,  that  while  many  inventions 
of  Artificial  Legs  have  claimed  the  attention  of  the  pubhc,  few  have  realized  the  expectations  of  their 
wearers;  aod  none  can  claim  priority  or  superiority  over  the  Anglesey  Leg,  which  W.  S.  introduced  into 
this  country  as  far  back  as  the  year  1839,  and  which  has  successfully  stood  the  test  of  so  many  years' 
experience,  which  test  is  the  only  one  of  any  real  value  to  those  seeking  the  best  substitute  for  the 
great  loss  they  have  sustained.  It  is,  therefore,  a  source  of  much  pleasure  and  pride  to  the  subscriber, 
that  he  has  been  so  successful  in  his  endeavors  to  secure  for  those  who  have  suffered  the  severe  loss  of  a 
limb,  a  substitute  that  has  so  admirably  met  the  various  wants  of  the  different  classes  in  this  great 
country.  The  Anglesey  Leg  is  now  worn  by  persona  in  every  State  in  the  Union — some  walking  ten  miles 
and  upwards  daily — many  walking  with  pairs  below  the  knee,  without  a  cane — and  there  is  one  case 
where  the  person  has  neither  knee-joint,  and  consequently  walks  on  two  Artificial  Knees;  this  is  be- 
lieved to  be  the  first  instance  of  the  kind  on  record;  and  the  patient  has  walked  at  least  four  miles  a 
day  with  these  Limbs  for  the  past  eight  years.  Numerous  other  instances  of  its  merits  might  bo  men- 
tioned, but  having  been  so  long  before  the  public,  ^'f.  S.  deems  it  unnecessary  to  further  recapitulate  or 
classify  the  qualities  of  the  Anglesey  Leg.  lie  has,  however,  the  gratification  of  announcing  that  after 
many  experiments,  he  has  succeeded  in  imitating  the  elastic  lateral  or  side  motion  of  the  natural  ankle- 
joint,  which  invention,  having  been  thoroughly  and  carefully  tested  for  the  past  eighteen  mouth.s,  is 
offered  with  confidence  as  a  really  valuable  improvement,  while  at  the  same  time  all  the  well-tried  ad- 
vantages of  the  Anglesey  Leg  are  very  carefully  retained. 

The  following  are  some  of  the  advantages  of  thia  new  improvement: 

FiBST— An  elastic  life-like  feeling  at  every  step,  by  which  means  the  stump  has  an  easier  bearing,  and 

is  less  liable  to  injury  from  sudden  shocks,  such  as  jumping,  kc. 
SICOND — The  ankle-joint  having  a  side  motion  combined  with  the  elastic  cushion,  the  foot  retains  its 

hold  firmer  in  walking  up  hill  or  where  the  ground  is  uneven;  consequently  it  is  much  easier 

to  the  wearer. 
Third — The  step  is  more  elastic  and  natural,  because  it  is  a  closer  approximation  to  nature. 
FocBTH — Its  beautiful  simplicity  of  construction,  its  lightne.ss,  strength  and  durability,  and  the  ease 

with  which  the  wearer  can  keep  it  in  order. 

The  above  are  some  of  its  merits,  but  as  it  is  difficult  to  do  them  justice  in  print,  W.  S.  will  be 
happy  to  show  a  specimen  to  any  person  interested  in  this  invention. 


's  Pit  ill  liTiniiii,  uii. 


W.  S.  desires  also  to  call  the  attention  of  those  who  have  had  the  misfortune  to  lose  a  Hand,  to 
hl«  newly  invented  Patent  Artificial  Hand,  which  is  truly  the  most  useful  and  practicable  substitute  for 
a  lost  Hand  ever  submitted  to  the  consideration  of  the  unfortunate.  This  Hand  is  so  constructed  that 
the  wearer  can  open  and  shut  it  without  assistance  from  the  remaining  Hand;  can  pick  up  and  hold 
various  articles,  such  as  knife,  fork,  hat,  &c. ;  can  write  with  surprising  facility,  and  use  it  in  various 
ways  with  great  satisfaction;  and  in  shape  or  form  it  is  in  close  imitation  of  the  natural  hand.  The 
principle  on  which  it  is  constructed  is  simple  and  strong;  it  is  not  hable  to  get  out  of  order,  and  can  be 
worn  with  but  little  inconvenience. 

For  further  information,  terms,  &c.,  call  or  address, 

WII^I^IAM   SEJLPHO, 

5X6  Broadway,  New  York. 
94 


G^.  E.  M^ENDXTIVI, 

Importer  and  Jobber  of 

J^rnp  Mins, 

BRANDIES, 

KABISCHINO,  BITTERS, 
PICKLES,  «cC., 

FOREIGHLEUID  PORTER. 

SOLE  AGENT  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  FOR  THE  SALE  OF 

Widow  Lavergne's  W.  I.  Bay  Rum, 

JVo.  90  Cedar  Street^ 

Cor.  Broadway,  SJIW   ^©ISSq 


*  *•*  - 


[We  have  very  favorably  known  Geo.  E.  Mendum,  in  the  above-named 
business,  for  ten  years  past,  during  which  time  he  has  filled  innumerable 
orders  received  through  the  Express  Companies.] 

95 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  95 

Thompson  &  Co.'s  (Boston)  Western  Express. 
This  Express  was  commenced  in  1841,  by  William 
F.  Harnden.  Its  route  was  from  Boston  to  Albany, 
via  Springfield,  Mass.  Henry  Wells  was  its  orig- 
inal agent  in  Albany.  James  M.  Thompson,  its 
agent  at  Springfield,  (1842,)  had  been  a  clerk  in  the 
Boston  office.  These  facts,  with  the  more  pertinent 
one,  that  in  1844  Harnden  &  Co.  sold  this  Western 
Express  to  J.  M.  Thompson,  we  have  already  re- 
lated in  our  history  of  Harnden's  enterprise.  The 
new  proprietor  was  shrewd,  systematic  and  perse- 
vering, regular  in  his  habits  and  very  gentlemanly, 
though  rather  reserved  in  his  address.  His  social 
position  has  always  been  superior,  and  his  word  has 
been  considered  as  good  as  his  bond.  The  good 
effect  of  his  management  of  the  Boston,  Springfield 
and  Albany  Express  became  manifest  almost  im- 
mediately. Order,  promptness,  fidelity,  and  a  spirit 
of  accommodation  characterized  aU  his  offices.  At 
the  outset  he  had  no  partner,  nevertheless  his  Express 
made  use  of  the  style  of  "  Thompson  &  Co."  as  at 
present. 

E.  Lamb  Stone,  Thompson's  earliest  agent  in 
Albany,  was  succeeded  in  the  autumn  of  1844, 
by  Robert  L.  Johnson,  then  only  17  years  of  age. 
This  smart,  enterprising,  and  faithful  young  man — 
since  so  successful  in  this  kind  of  business — had 
been  for  a  year  or  two  a  clerk  for  Pomeroy  &  Co.'s 
Express,  (a  daily  line  to  New  York,  and  semi-month' 
ly  to  Buffalo;)  and  when,  in  May,  1845,  T.  &  Co. 


96  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

and  P.  &  Co.  occupied  the  same  premises  in  Al- 
bany, he  acted  as  agent  for  both. 

In  1844,  J.  M.  Thompson  started  an  Express  by 
stage  and  boat,  from  Springfield  to  Hartford,  and 
by  stage  from  Springfield  to  Northampton,  Green- 
field, and  Brattleboro^  Yt.  When  the  Railroads 
were  completed,  these  Expresses  were  conveyed 
upon  them,  and  still  continue  in  successful  opera- 
tion. 

In  1846,  WiUiam  N".  Melcher,  formerly  of  Ham- 
den  &  Co.^s  Express,  became  a  clerk  for  Thompson, 
in  the  Boston  office,  at  No.  8  Court  Street.  There 
never  was  a  more  quiet,  yet  careful  and  efficient 
agent  than  Melcher.  Some  five  or  six  years  ago 
he  became  a  partner  with  his  employer. 

In  1847,  R.  L.  Johnson,  the  Albany  agent,  start- 
ed an  Express  between  Albany  and  Troy,  over  the 
Troy  and  Greenbush  Railroad;  running  as  his  own 
messenger,  and  making  the  Bank  exchanges  be- 
tween the  two  cities  the  main  part  of  his  business. 
He  continued  in  this  service  until  the  spring  of 
1853,  when  he  had  the  good  fortune  to  be  taken 
into  the  co-partnership  of  Thompson  &  Co.  We 
say  good  fortune,  because  that  Express  was  doing 
a  very  extensive  and  remunerative  business,  and  it 
has  been  materially  augmented  since  that  time,  by 
reason  of  judicious  management,  superior  agents, 
and  the  growing  prosperity  of  the  communities 
which  it  serves. 

Thompson  &  Co.  connect  with  the  Adams  Ex- 


YOUR  CUSTOM  SOLICITED 

BY 

FRANCIS   &   LOUTREL, 

STATIONERS, 

LITHOGRAPHERS  AND  BOOKBINDERS, 
JVo.  45  JfEaiden  JLane^  JVew  Ik^orlc. 


^LLeli^  SFtij^Le:  af  .^Lcuik-J^aak,  Sfa/tcf^  and  S^tcLtiaiLatij. 

foi-  /t^iLhiiLcliA,  S^lofeSALOJLalf  cuuL  S^lLiiate  flLe, 

Sold  in  quantity  to  suit,  at  lowest  price. 

Use  Francis'  Manifold  Letter  Writer,  by   which  letters  and  copies  are 
written  at  same  time.     Price,  from  $1  to  $5. 

OiiBIii  III  iillY  liUiillS. 

i^>x|)fiibL-  Kooks,  Time  Books,  Hotel  Registers,  Wash  Books,  Interest  Tables, 

Casli  and  Deed  Boxes,  Drawing  Papers  and  Materials,  Scrap 

Books,  Portfolios,  Writing  Desks,  Wallets,  Note  Papers, 

Envelopes,  and  every  variety  of  FANCY 

STATIONERY.    Copying  and  Seal 

Presses,  Notes,  Drafts,  etc. 

The  entire  building  fitted  up  expressly  for  the  various  branches  of  our 
business.  New  and  improved  machinery,  and  every  requisite  for  executing 
the  best  work  with  promptness,  at  low  price. 

Merchants,  Bankers,  Factories,  Public  Offices.  Express,  Railroad,  and  In- 
surance Companies,  as  well  as  individuals,  are  solicited  to  favor  us  with 
their  orders.     Prompt  and  personal  attention  given. 

FRANCIS  &  LOUTREL, 

Stationers,  Steam  Printers,  litiiograpliers  and  Bookljinders, 
^K^h'^Srel.  }  45  Maiden  Lane,  N.  Y. 

96 


I 


iiiTii  Piif 

(Daily,)  $8  per  year,  one-half  in  advance. 

THE   PEESS  AND   POST, 

(Serai-Weekly,)  $4  per  year,  one-half  in  advance. 

THE    BOSTON    STATESMAN, 

AIVD     WEEKLY    POST, 

(Weekly,)  $2  per  year,  in  advance. 


^S&*CLU£]S  taking  ten  or  more  copies  of  the  Weekly  in  one  package,  will  be  supplied 

at  ONE  DOLLAR  AND  A  HALF  A  YEAR,  and  a  gratuitous 

copy  to  the  getter  up  of  the  Club. 

^2?.^  These  papers  are  Clled  with  a  great  variety  of  useful  and  entertaining  muuer. 
Their  (  dltorials;  domestic  and  foreign  correspondence;  reports;  marine  de- 
partment;   daily  monetary  article  and  weekly  linancial  review: 
literary  notices;  poetic  contributions  and  humorous  mat- 
ter, form  a  variety  designed  to  meet  every  taste. 

TO  ADVERTISERS. 

j^i^  As  Advertising  mediums  these  papers  are  unsurpassed,  penetrating  as  they  do 

into  sucli  a  variety  of  households  scattered  over  the  whole  Union;  and  read  as 

the}'  are  by  all  classes  of  the  community,  they  furnish  an  opportunity  for  the 

dilfusion  of  information  which  can  scarcely  be  obtained  elsewhere. 

THE  CIRCULATION  OP  THE 

BOSTOJV  POST 

is  nearly  doitble  that  of  any  Commercial  paper  in  Boston;  while  the  extent  and 
character  of  the  circulation  of  the  Statesman'  and  Weekly  Post  over  the  country, 
together  with  the  limited  amount  of  advertisements  inserted — never  exceedifig  two 
ro/vwns—ivndci'  it  a  most  valuable  medium  for  advertisers,  seeking  a  general  circu- 
lation over  thewuoLE  Union. 

EATES  OF  ADVEETISING. 

In  /;aiVy— First  insertion,  $1.00  per  .Square,  (space  of  twelve  solid  lines  Agate.) 
Second  and  each  succeeding  insertion,  50  cents  per  Square. 

A  liberal  discount  made  from  lengthy  or  continued  advertisements. 

In  Weekly— "V^n  cents  a  line  each  insertion. 

DEALS,  GREENE  &  CO., 

40  and  42  Congress  St.,  Boston. 

97 


EXPRESS      HISTORY.  97 

press  Co.  at  Worcester  and  Springfield,  where  they 
have  large  and  commodious  offices;  at  Albany,  they 
connect  with  the  American  Express  Co.;  and  at 
Boston,  with  the  Eastern  Expresses.  The  excellent 
agent  in  Worcester,  J.  H.  Osgood,  since  1854,  has 
had  the  supervision  of  the  General  Express  Agency 
in  that  flourishmg  interior  city,  and  has  acted 
equally  for  the  Adams  Express  Co.,  Thompson  & 
Co.,  and  Fiske  &  Co.  His  office  is  one  of  the  most 
useful  in  the  country. 

Thompson  resides  in  Springfield,  and  the  busineae 
there  is  under  his  immediate  supervision.  When 
he  first  began  the  business  there,  he  occupied  a 
space  of  only  15  feet  by  7  feet,  in  the  lobby  of  the 
Post  Office,  and  did  all  the  work  himself.  Since 
then,  he  has  built  a  commodious  office,  65  feet  by 
50  feet,  and  now  gives  employment  to  13  men  and 
4  horses,  at  that  point.  It  was  our  purpose  to  say 
something  in  this  connection,  in  reference  to  the  re- 
markable growth  of  Springfield  since  the  origin  of 
the  Express;  but  want  of  space  will  not  admit  of 
it.  We  will  venture  to  say,  however,  that  not  one 
of  it«  numerous  important  business  establishments 
has  contributed  more  to  its  prosperity  than  the  lib- 
eral, enterprising,  and  public-spirited  James  M. 
Thompson. 

Thompson  &  Co.  have  large  offices,  also,  in  Bos- 
ton, Albany,  Palmer,  Westfield,  Springfield,  North 
Adams,  Chicopee,  Holyoke,  Northampton,  Green- 
field, Keene,  N.  H.,  Brattleboro'  and  Bellows  Falls. 


98  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

The  Eastern  Express  Company,  founded  in  May, 
1857,  with  a  capital  of  $100,000,  is  a  Boston  joint- 
stock  concern — a  consolidation  of  the  Express  en- 
terprises of  Carpenter  &  Co.,  Winslow  &  Co.,  and 
Hodgman,  Carr  &  Co.  Carpenter  &  Co.  were  for 
about  ten  years  in  the  Express  business  between 
Boston  and  the  towns  on  the  Kennebec  River. 
Winslow  &  Co.  (J.  R.  Hall,  Boston  manager)  suc- 
ceeded in  1850,  or  not  long  afterwards,  to  a  business 
between  Boston,  Portland  and  Waterville,  Me., 
once  operated  by  Longley  &  Co.  F.  W.  Carr  has 
been  in  the  Maine  Express  line  about  seven  years. 
Some  four  or  five  years  ago  he  became  a  partner 
with  Hodgman  &  Co.,  and  the  style  was  changed  to 
Hodgman,  Carr  &  Co.  Their  Express  business  was 
between  Boston  and  the  towns  on  the  Penobscot 
River. 

John  R.  Hall,  the  Superintendent  of  the  Eastern 
Express  Company,  has  been  an  expressman  ever 
since  the  days  of  Harnden's  Original  Express.  The 
associate  managers  and  proprietors  are  J.  R.  Hall 
and  F.  W.  Carr,  Boston;  J.  N.  Winslow,  Portland; 
C.  S.  Carpenter,  Augusta;  and  F.  H.  Hodgman, 
Bangor.  Upon  their  different  routes  they  have 
about  570  miles  of  steamboating  and  380  miles  of 
Railroad  travel.  They  employ  upwards  of  eighty 
agents  and  messengers,  and  from  fifteen  to  twenty 
drivers. 

Mr.  Tucker,  in  their  Boston  office,  has  been  an 
express  clerk  for  many  years. 


MAILLER,  JLORD  Sl  QUERE AU, 

SHIFPIIsTG^ 

AND 

108  VTaU  Street,  New  7ork. 


1<S#> 


PROPRIETORS    OP   THE 

KANGAROO  LINE  OF  PACKETS 

sailing  from  New  York  for  Melbourne,  Australia,  monthly;  established 
1853.  Vessels  first  class,  and  the  lowest  rates  of  passage  and  freight 
charged.  Lord  &  Co.,  Agents,  Melbourne,  who  receive  consignments  on 
commission;  also,  Regular  Packets  from  New  York  to  Baltimore,  Charles- 
ton, and  Savannah. 

AGENTS  FOR  THE  SALE  OF 


FOR   FAMILY   USE. 

WILL  JTC-VD  ARTICLKS  IX 

IVood,  licather.  Crockery,  Glass,  Ivory, 

Bone,  Alabaster,  Marble,  Rubber, 

Gatta    Percha,    Clotb,  Paper, 

Papier  Macbe,  Sbeil,  Horn, 

Hone,  Plaster,  Sic. 

And  indeed  there  is  scarcely  an  article  in  the 
whole  range  of  domestic  economy,  whether  it  be 
for  use  or  ornament,  which,  when  broken,  cannot 
with  this  preparation  be  restored  to  its  original 
Talue.  It  challenges  the  world  for  its  superior.  It 
is  indispensable  in  every 

HOUSE,  WORKSHOP,  COUNTING-ROOM, 
And  no  person,  after  a  trial  of 

STARR'S  CHEMICALLY  PREPARED  GLUE. 

would  willingly  dispense  with  it  for  four  times  its 
cost.  It  is  always  ready,  and  always  reliable.  It 
is  not  offensive  to  the  smell,  and  is  not  affected  by 
climate,  and  where  known  it  has  become  a  FIX- 
ED FACT. 


Is  sold  by  all  Druggists,  Furniture  Dealers,  Gro- 
cers, Fancy  Goods  Dealers,  Hardware 

Dealers,  Stationers,  and 
by  country  Merchants  generally. 

Price  25  Cents  per  Bottle. 

A  brush  goes  with  each  bottle. 
Put  up  for  dealers  in  cases  from  1  to  12  dozen. 
A  splendid  Lithographic  Show  Card,  printed  in 
colors,  given  with  each  package. 

All  orders  or  letters  of  inquiry  by  mail,  addressed 
to  the 

STUB  ilil  SilPilY, 
51  Liberty  St.,  N.Y., 

will  receive  prompt  attention. 
j|Sp>A  liberal  discount  to  the  trade. 

98 


THE  BEST  FAMILY  PIPER  i  THE  UNION. 


THE  NEW  YORK  SPECTATOR. 

The  New  York  Spectator  is  the  pioneer  of  American  Semi- Weekly  Newspapers,  having  been 
established  sixty-three  year«.  It  is  unsurpassed  by  any  of  its  contemporaries  in  the  value  and 
variety  of  its  contents,  having  attained  its  present  popularity  by  its  prompt  adoption  of  every 
improvement  and  the  infusion  of  modern  taste  and  talent  into  its  columns.  The  New  York 
Spectator  has  no  superior  as  a 


or  Record  of  Events.  It  is  published  every  MONDAY  and  THURSDAY,  and  contains  the 
latest  Domestic  and  Foreign  News  up  to  the  vei^  hour  of  publication,  including 

Pull  Reports  of  all  Matters  of  interest  in  Ne-w  York  and  neighboring 
Cities. 

Reliable  Correspondence  and  Congressional  Reports  from  Wasldngton. 

Public  Documents,  both  State  and  National 

A  Correspondence  of  unusual  merit  from  London,  Paris,  and  other  Euro- 
pean Cities. 

The  latest  Telegraph  Dispatches  received  by  the  Associated  Press. 

An  Accurate  "Wholesale  Price  Current,  Daily  Sales  of  Stocks,  and  ample 
daily  reports  of  everything  connected  -with  Trade  and  Commerce. 

AS  A  FAMILY  PERIODICAL, 

the  New  York  Spectator  is  very  confidently  recommended.  The  severest  supervision  is 
exercised  over  its  columns,  so  that  it  shall  be  a  safe  as  well  as  an  entertaining  and  instructive 
family  companion.  Its  editorial  comments  are  written  under  a  deep  sense  of  responsibility; 
its  notices  of  New  Books  and  Periodicals  are  liberal  and  honest;  its  Agricultural  Intelligence 
is  compiled  by  a  competent  gentleman;  while  its  tales,  fugitive  poetry  and  Literary  Glean- 
ings, are  confessedly  of  a  very  high  order,  and  are  alwaj^  selected  with  a  view  to  inculcate 
high-toned  and  pure  morality. 

These  characteristics  of  the  New  York  Spbctatob  it  will  always  be  the  aim  of  the  Pro- 
prietors to  maintain,  and  they  enter  upon  a  new  year  with  a  determined  purpose  to  keep  in 
the  ran  of  newspaper  advancentent,  and  to  make  the  SPECTATOR  worthy  of  the  wide  and 
increasing  jiatronage  it  receives. 


One  copy  one  year $3.00 

Two  copies  one  year 5.00 

Fire  copies  one  year 11.00 


Ten  copies  one  year,  (seat  to  obc  address) I20.0O 

Fifteen  copies  one  year,        "           "        ....  28.00 
Twenty  copies  one  year,        "  "        35.00 


Payable  invariably  in  advance  at  the  oflSce.or  remitted  by  mail  to  the  office  direct.    Any 
person  sending  us  a  Club  of  Twenty  or  more  will  be  entitled  to  an  extra  copy. 

FRANCIS  HALL  &  CO., 

nro.  46  PIi\E  ST.,  IVew  York. 


To  subscribers  in  Canada  there  will  be  an  additional  charge  of  fifty  cents  each,  to  meet 
the  United  States  Postage,  which  has  to  be  paid  in  New  York. 


THE  NEW  YORK  OOMMEECIAL  ADVEETISER 

if  published  daily  at  the  office  of  the  Spectatoh,  at  Ten  Dollars,  or  Nine  Dollars  in  advance, 
per  annum.  Contains  regularly.  Letters  from  England.  France,  California,  &c.  Has  a  very 
hne  digest  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  News;  Reprints  of  all  Public  Documents  of  interest  and 
importance ;  contains  Special,  Full  and  Accurate  Reports  of  Commercial  and  Financial 
Affairs;  New  York  Markets,  &c. 

99 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  99 

Before  taking  a  final  leave  of  the  subject  of  the 
transportation  business  in  New  England,  during  the 
latter  days  of  the  stage-coach  lines,  and  while  the 
earlier  Railroads  were  only  in  embryo,  we  will 
quote  two  or  three  facts,  for  the  accuracy  of  which 
we  have  the  authority  of  the  Boston  Daily  Advertiser: 

"In  1827,  when  careful  inquiries  for  ascertaining 
the  amount  of  travel  and  transportation  were  made 
on  the  Providence  and  Western  routes,  preparatory 
to  a  determination  of  the  question  of  the  practica- 
bility of  maintaining  railroads,  it  was  reported  that 
the  number  of  passengers  conveyed  in  that  year 
between  Boston  and  Providence,  by  the  Commer- 
cial and  Citizens'  daily  line  of  stage  coaches,  was 
24,100;  and  that  in  the  same  year  1706  tons  of 
merchandise  were  transported  between  the  two  cit- 
ies in  baggage  wagons,  and  3400  tons  in  sea  vessels 
passing  round  Cape  Cod,  a  distance  of  210  miles — ■ 
the  distance  by  the  turnpike  road  being  but  42 
miles.  Subsequently  to  the  date  of  the  opening  of 
the  Providence  R.  R.,  the  travel  and  transportation 
on  the  line  were  a  good  deal  increased  beyond  the 
above  amounts.  Much  of  the  journeying  through- 
out the  Commonwealth  was  performed  at  that  pe- 
riod in  private  carriages,  instead  of  stage  coaches, 
and  a  great  part  of  the  transportation  of  merchan- 
dise was  done  by  teams  specially  employed  for 
each  job.  The  only  inland  navigation  in  the  State 
was  that  of  the  Middlesex  Canal,  on  which  was  a 
packet  boat,  which  left  Charlestown  for  Chelmsford 
every  Tuesday,  Thursday  and  Saturday,  and  re- 
turned on  Mondays,  Wednesdays  and  Fridays;  and 
at  certain  seasons  considerable  boating  of  heavy 
merchandise  on  the  Connecticut  River." 


100  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

.  Wells,  Fargo  &  Co. — The  very  extensive  Cali- 
fornia Express  establishment,  now  so  well  known 
throughout  the  civilized  world  as  Wells,  Fargo  & 
Co.,  was  commenced  in  New  York  in  the  spring  of 
1852,  by  Henry  Wells,  W.  Gr.  Fargo,  Johnston  Liv- 
ingston, A.  Reynolds,  and  E.  B.  Morgan.  It  was  a 
joint-stock  Company;  capital  $300,000,  subsequent- 
ly increased  from  time  to  time  to  $600,000.  Its 
original  managers  were  E.  B.  Morgan,  of  Aurora, 
N.  Y.,  President;  James  McKay,  Secretary;  John- 
ston Livingston,  Treasurer.  The  other  directors 
were  A.  Reynolds,  Wm.  G-.  Fargo,  Henry  Wells, 
and  E.  P.  Williams.  Several  of  these  gentlemen 
were  prominent  managers  of  the  American  Express 
Company,  and  the  numerous  offices  of  the  latter 
Express  were  made  use  of  to  facilitate  the  business 
of  Wells,  Fargo  &  Co. — a  very  great  advantage,  and 
calculated  to  place  the  new  California  Express  upon 
the  footing  of  a  long-established  concern.  W.,  F. 
&  Co.  began  by  reducing  the  price  of  express 
freight  from  this  port  to  San  Francisco,  from  sixty 
cents  to  forty  cents  per  pound,  and  their  competi- 
tors (who  had  been  paid,  in  1849  and  ^50,  as  high 
as  seventy-five  cents  per  pound,)  were  compelled 
to  do  the  same. 

The  managers  of  the  new  company  being  ener- 
getic men,  well  known  in  New  York  for  their  re- 
sponsibility, and  famihar  with  "  all  the  ropes,"  soon 
succeeded  in  obtaining  a  large  patronage  in  the  city. 
Add  to  this  what  was  sent  in  from  the  American 


JAMES  A.  CL.ARK, 

COMMISSION 

No.  39  ANN  STREET, 


Constantly  on  hand  or  made  to  order,  at  short  notice,  every  description  of 

MANILLA., 

HARDWARE  AND  DRUGGISTS'  PAPERS. 

ALSO, 


OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 


N.  B. — Cash  paid  for  Rags,  Rope,  Waste  Paper,  and  Old 

Bagging. 

100 


ASAHEL  JONES,  SAMUEL  S.  WHITE, 


ifntel  IPtnots, 


658  BROADWAY,  NEW  YORK ; 

528  ARCH  STREET,  PHILADELPHIA  j 
16  TREMONT  ROW,  BOSTON  j 

102  RANDOLPH  STREET,  CHICAGO,  HI. 

JOHN  P.  COHBAK, 

%iimq  ^  i^mmstlk  at  f  ato. 

Legal  Business  trsnsaeted  in  tlie  Freneb,  German  and  Spanish  Langnageiy 

NOTARY  PUBLIC  OF  ST.  LOUIS  COUNTY. 

Office  South-^East  cor.  of  3d  and  market  Street 9^ 


J     m 


101 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  101 

Express  offices  in  the  West,  and  the  reader  will 
readily  conceive  that  Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.  made  a 
very  prosperous  beginning.  About  that  time 
Adams  &  Co.  removed  to  their  present  quarters,  and 
Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.  located  themselves  in  the  old 
express  premises,  No.  16  Wall  Street.  J.  McKay 
was  the  agent  there;  S.  P.  Carter  and  R.  W.  Wash- 
burn were  the  San  Francisco  agents.  The  latter 
gentleman,  formerly  a  bank  cashier  in  Syracuse,  N. 
Y.,  now  has  charge  of  the  Exchange  department  of 
the  Company,  in  San  Francisco.  Wells,  Fargo  & 
Co.  remained  in  Wall  Street  several  years,  and  then 
removed  to  No.  82  Broadway,  their  present  office. 

The  original  Board  of  Direction  were  succeeded 
by  the  following,  viz:  D.  N.  Barney,  President;  T. 
M.  Janes,  Treasurer:  D.  N.  Barney,  W.  G.  Fargo, 
Henry  Wells,  E.  P.  Williams,  J.  Livingston,  Benj. 
P.  Cheney,  N.  H.  Stockwell,  T.  M.  Janes,  and  Jas. 
McKay,  Directors.  Louis  McLane,  Jr.,  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  responsible  post  of  Agent  in  San 
Francisco.  Up  to  that  time,  we  believe,  Wells, 
Fargo  &  Co.  had  not  owned  any  lines  in  the  inte- 
rior of  California;  but  for  the  sake  of  greater  secu- 
rity in  the  receipt  and  delivery  of  valuable  parcels 
in  places  beyond  San  Francisco,  they  adopted  the 
policy  of  buying  out  the  local  expresses  in  Califor- 
nia, or  establishing  new  lines,  which  they  gave  in 
charge  of  their  own  agents. 

Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.'s  Express  lines  within  the 
limits  of  California  have  become  very  numerous, 


102  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

and  radiate  throughout  the  state.  Under  the  su- 
pervision of  Louis  McLane,  Jr.,  the  experienced 
and  judicious  General  Agent,  and  the  immediate 
management  of  Samuel  Knight,  the  very  worthy  and 
efficient  Superintendent  of  the  Express  department, 
these  interior  expresses  are  admirably  operated  and 
rendered  profitable.  They  are  so  many  channels 
for  the  streams  of  gold  dust  which  pour  into  the 
Company's  coffers  at  San  Francisco,  and  thence,  in 
half-million  shipments,  twice  a  month,  are  consign- 
ed to  the  house  in  New  York.  The  Company  have 
quite  a  number  of  express  offices  in  Oregon  and  on 
the  South  coast.  They  run,  also,  an  express  to 
Frazer  River. 

Among  the  most  useful  and  highly  valued  of  the 
many  employees  who  have  distinguished  themselves 
by  their  fidelity  to  Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.,  in  Califor- 
nia, besides  those  already  mentioned,  are  G.  W. 
Bell,  Superintendent  of  the  Express  Package  De- 
partment, J.  J.  Kelly,  Henry  Norton,  A.  B.  McNiel, 
W.  H.  Simmons,  J.  M.  Yansyckle,  T.  B.  Anthony, 
and  Edw.  W.  Tracy,  Travelling  Agent.  The  lat- 
ter gentleman,  for  several  years  the  very  popular 
and  efficient  Agent  of  Adams  &  Co.,  at  Shasta,  has 
two  brothers,  also,  in  Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.'s  employ, 
viz.,  Theodore  F.  and  Felix  Tracy.  In  an  earlier 
part  of  this  History,  we  have  confounded  the  two, 
supposing  Felix's  first  name  to  be  Theodore. 

Wm.  H.  Harnden,  a  clerk  in  their  San  Fran- 
cisco office,  is  a  son  of  The  Original  Expressman. 


THi  p; 


I».A.TE:2>JT3ES3D    3VC.^^:£1.0X=C,    3.B58 


Complete— Price  $40. 


Economical,  portable,  and  durable,  requiring  only  two  horse-power  to 
work  it.  The  grinding  part  having  six  stationary  and  four  movable  plates, 
dressed  or  grooved  on  both  sides  like  mill-stones,  moving  with  an  oscillating 
instead  of  rotary  motion,  thus  obviating  the  objections  to  Cast  Iron 
Rotary  Mills;  it  grinds  all  kinds  of  grain,  and  makes  good  Meal  from  the 
hardest  Corn  at  the  rate  of  one  bushel  in  eight  minutes.  Many  kinds  of 
grain  it  grinds  much  faster;  it  can  be  attached  to  any  kind  of  power.  Per- 
sons wanting  a  Good  Miia  to  grind  any  kind  of  Grain,  Plaster,  Salt,  Malt, 
Peas,  Flaxseed,  or  for  chopping  Feed,  will  do  well  to  examine  this.  It  is 
the  cheapest  Mill  ever  made,  considering  capacity,  simplicity,  durability, 
and  regularity  of  its  grinding,  not  requiring  a  person  understanding  the  art 
of  grinding  to  use  it.  It  grinds  either  coarse  or  fine.  Examine  one  in  use 
at  17  Spruce  Street,  N.  Y.,  where  all  orders  can  be  supplied. 

M.  C.  CHADWICK  $c  CO., 

17  Spruce  Street,  N.  Y, 

Silver  Medal  awarded  it  at  American  Instituto,  N.  Y.,  as  best  Mill  ex- 
hibited. 

102 


NASSAU  WHITE  LEAD 


AND 


mm®  [p^affiOT  M®KKga 


C.  H.  t(  A.  T.   BAXTER   ^  CO., 

No.  82  MAIDEN  LANE, 


AND 


No.  19  CEDAR  STREET,  New  York, 

Offer  the  Trade,  on  accommodating  terms,  the  following  Brands  of 
in  Oil  of  their  own  manufacture: 

Island  City,  ^ 

Premium  Pure, 
Nassau, 

East  Rirer, 

Ne^  York  City, 

Western  Empire, 

American  Wliite  Lead. 
Pore  Vielle  Montage  French  Zinc, 

Pure  Penui  and  Lehigh  and  New  Jersey  Zinc* 

All  Colors,  Dry  and  in  Oil ;  also,  a  general  assortment  of 

AU  GOODS  WABBANTED  TO  GIVE  SATISFACTIOB. 

103 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  103 

^'Old  Block,^^  (Delano,)  whose  thrilling  sketches  of 
California  Hfe,  from  1849  to  1854,  rendered  him 
a  prodigious  favorite  throughout  the  "diggins," 
after  having  served  Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.  for  a  long 
time  as  messenger,  and  afterwards  as  a  local  agent, 
at  length  retired  from  the  business,  and  settled 
down  at  Grass  Yalley,  where,  in  1858,  he  was  still 
residing. 

During  three  or  four  years  past,  Wells,  Fargo  & 
Co.  have  had  offices  of  their  own  in  the  principal 
Atlantic  cities,  entirely  independent  of  other  Ex- 
press Companies.  Aug.  2,  1858,  they  made  a  semi- 
annual dividend  of  five  per  cent.,  and  the  annual 
exhibit  of  their  Treasurer  showed  the  amount  of 
gold  transported  by  this  Company  over  the  various 
lines  within  the  State  of  California,  during  the  year 
ending  Dec.  31,  1857,  to  have  exceeded  fifty-nine 
millions  eight  hundred  and  eighty-four  thousand 
dollars.  Their  ocean  transportation  of  the  precious 
metal  must  have  been  about  nine  milHons  of  dollars. 

The  New  York  office  of  this  immense  business  is 
remarkable  for  the  thoroughness  of  its  details  and 
the  superiority  of  its  management.  The  same,  we 
are  told,  may  be  said  with  truth  of  the  San  Fran- 
cisco office. 

In  a  Supplement  to  this  work,  we  shall  publish 
a  Gazetteer  of  express  towns,  in  which  will  be  in- 
cluded a  list  of  the  offices  of  Wells,  Fargo  &  Co., 
and  the  other  places  in  California  to  which  they 
forward. 


104  EXPRESS     HISTOEY. 

The  United  States  Express  Company. — The 
present  Company  bearing  this  name  (another,  it  will 
be  remembered,  had  been  previously  merged  in  the 
American  Express  Company,)  was  organized  in 
1854,  with  the  view  of  doing  a  Western  business 
over  the  N*.  Y.  &  Erie  Railroad.  Its  capital  stock 
is  $500,000.  D.  N.  Barney  is  its  President;  H. 
Kip  its  Superintendent;  and  Theo.  B.  Marsh  its 
Treasurer.  This  well-conducted  Express  has  about 
200  agencies,  and  many  employees  worthy  of  par- 
ticular mention  for  their  fidelity  and  untiring  ser- 
vice. Its  field  of  operations  includes  the  most  re- 
mote settlements  in  the  Western  country.  It  is 
very  prompt  in  delivery,  and  its  rates  are  low.  T. 
B.  Marsh,  who  has  acted,  at  No.  82  Broadway,  as 
its  New  York  agent  for  several  years  past,  to  the 
entire  satisfaction  of  the  Directors  and  the  public, 
was  for  some  time  previously  one  of  the  most  valu- 
able men  in  the  American  Express  business.  In 
his  excellent,  well-managed  office  he  is  assisted  by 
W.  H.  Murphy,  and  several  other  efficient  men. 
Myron  E.  Cole,  at  Elkhart,  is  one  of  the  many 
agents  of  this  Company.  H.  Kip,  the  Superintend- 
ent, resides  at  Buffalo,  where  he  has  long  enjoyed 
an  enviable  reputation  as  an  express  manager.  He 
has  been  in  the  business  since  1846,  being  about 
that  time  a  pioneer  expressman  in  the  Western 
Express  of  Livingston  &  Fargo. 

A  material  addition  has  been  made  to  the  U.  S. 
Express  business  lately. 


A.  L,  STIISON, 


^Jm 


AND 


No.  77  Cedar  Street,  New  York, 

WILL  BITY  AND  SELL 

^Mm  i\mm  m^m^m  mm 


to  order,  aud  purchase  and  forward 

i  iiiiilES, 


Farming  Implements,  &e, 


when  wanted. 


He  also  gives  attention  to  the  sale  of  consignments  of 

PEACHES,  PBIRS,  APPLES,  AND  OTHER  FRUIT, 


FOR  CASH. 
104 


iiPMS  Ai  lIMiS. 

320  Chestnut  Street,  Philadelphia, 

ADAMS'  EXPRESS  BUILDINGS, 

For  supplying  the  Trade  with  Newspapers,  Magazines,  Cheap  Publications, 
&c.  Orders  from  Booksellers,  Postmasters,  and  Newsmen,  attended  to 
with  promptness  and  dispatch. 

Subscriptions  received  for  Newspapers  and  Magazines,  American  and 
Foreign.    Trade  Lists  supplied. 


Samuel  Lover's  Book  of  Irish 

Songs 12 

The  Shilling  Song  Book,  175 

Songs 12 

Berry's  Comic  Songs 12 

Johnson's         "         12 

Wood's  Minstrels'  Songs 12 

Wood's  Plantation    "     12 

Bryant's  Old  Virginia  Songster  12 

"       Power  of  Music 12 

Burnt  Cork  Songster 12 

Mat  Peel's  Melodies 12 

Charley  White's  Bijou  Songster  1 2 

"      Ethiopian     "  12 


Gus  Shaw's  Comic  Songs. 
"         New  Comic  . . 

Pete  Morris'  Comic 

Charley  Foxe's  Bijou 

Sharpley's  Sable  Songster . 
Boyd  and  Enoch's  Songs  . 


CT3. 

12 
12 
12 
12 
6 
6 


Dixey's  Essence  of  Burnt  Cork  12 

George  Christie's  Joke  Book. .  12 

The  Magic  Oracle 12 

Charley  White's  Joke  Book. .  12 

Wy man's  Hand  Book  of  Magic  12 

Wizard's  Book  of  Conundrums  12 


The  Trade  supplied  at  a  liberal  discount. 
COPIES  MAILED  (Post  Paid)  ON  RECEIPT  OF  THE  PRICE. 

A.  WINCH, 

390  €he§tniit  Street,  Philadelphia, 

Adams'  Express  Buildings. 

105 


EXPRESS      HISTORY.  105 

The  N.  Y.  &  Erie  R.  R.  Co.,  in  1854  or  '55,  de- 
cided  to  do  the  Express  business  on  their  route 
themselves,  and  did  so,  accordingly;  making  H.  D. 
Rice,  (since  deceased,)  its  Superintendent.  The  ex- 
periment, however,  as  might  have  been  expected 
by  any  one  entirely  familiar  with  the  details  of  ex- 
press business,  was  not  destined  to  be  successful, 
although  managed  during  the  last  year  or  two  by 
a  very  able  man,  to  the  best  of  his  ability.  The 
liability  of  their  Express  to  make  good  any  loss  of 
money  parcels  intrusted  to  it  for  conveyance,  be- 
came a  cause  of  serious  concern  to  many  of  the  N. 
Y.  &  Erie  R.  R.  stockholders,  and  finally,  the  Di- 
rectors determined  to  give  it  up  and  stick  to  their 
legitimate  business.  Accordingly,  on  the  first  of 
August,  1858,  their  Express  was  transferred  to  the 
United  States  Express  Company,  by  whom  it  is 
now  operated  in  connection  with  their  Western 
lines.  An  experienced  expressman,  C.  A.  De  Witt, 
is  Superintendent  of  the  Erie  R.  R.  Division. 

Howard  &  Co.'s  Express,  Philadelphia. — We 
have  before  referred  to  N.  G.  Howard,  as  the  Agent 
of  Harnden  &  Co.,  at  Albany,  N.  Y.,  in  the  summer 
of  1842.  In  the  following  year,  he  became  associ- 
ated with  E.  C.  Bailey,  a  very  worthy  and  enter- 
prising young  man  from  Boston,  under  the  style  of 
Bailey  &  Howard.  B.  had  a  warm  personal  friend 
in  Nat.  Greene,  who  was  then  in  the  firm  of  Harn- 
den &  Co.    Owing  to  his  variance  with  Henry  Wells, 

12* 


106  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

in  1843,  to  which  allusion  has  already  been  made 
in  our  history  of  him,  Harnden  was  desirous  of  '  *  con- 
necting," at  Albany,  with  some  other  Express  than 
Pomeroy  &  Co/s;  and  it  was  at  his  instigation  that 
Bailey  k  Howard  attempted  to  establish  an  Express 
line  to  Buffalo  in  competition  with  that  successful 
concern.  B.  &  H.  soon  dissolved  their  co-partner- 
ehip,  and  Bailey  returned  to  the  Boston  Post  Office, 
where,  a  few  years  later,  he  became  Postmaster ; 
and  so  continued,  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  the 
merchants  and  citizens,  until  he  resigned  in  1857, 
to  make  room  for  Nahum  Capen.  He  is  now  editor 
and  proprietor  of  a  penny  newspaper  of  large  cir- 
culation and  influence — The  Boston  Daily  Herald. 

Shortly  after  abandoning  his  Albany  and  Buff'alo 
enterprise,  Howard  joined  E.  H.  Virgil  in  running 
an  express  between  Albany  and  Montreal;  but  this, 
too,  was  up-hill  work,  and  having,  in  the  spring  of 
1844,  a  good  offer  from  Harnden,  he  went  to  Phil- 
adelphia and  took  charge  of  Harnden  &  Co.'s  Ex- 
press in  that  city. 

The  Pottsville  and  Reading  Express,  via  Phila- 
delphia and  Reading  R.  R.,  was  commenced  by 
Livingston,  Howard  k  Co.  shortly  after  this.  A  few 
years  alter,  E.  W.  Earl,  of  Reading,  Pa.,  purchased 
an  interest,  and  the  firm  became  Howard,  Earl  &  Co. 
The  business  was  under  the  immediate  superintend- 
ance  of  one  of  the  partners  at  each  principal  place; 
Howard,  at  Philadelphia;  Earl,  at  Reading;  and  R. 
F.  Weaver,  at  Pottsville. 


HENRY  WELLS, 

PRBSIDBNT    OF    THB    AMBRICAN    BXPRBSS   COMPANY. 


LYON   &   BROWN, 

Importers,  Manufacturers  and  Dealers  in 

FRENCHAl  AMERICAN  WIIOWGLASS, 


WHITE   LEAD,   ZINC   PAINTS, 

CHROME  AND  PARIS  GREENS,    ' 

1  SlillRf EilTIii  MB. 

VANDYKE   BROT^N, 

And  a  full  assortment  of 
Also, 

Glaziers'    Diamond^  Ground,  Colored  and  Enamelled  Glasst 

jj^*  Glass  cut  and  packed  free  of  charge. 
All  orders  executed  with  accuracy  and  dispatch.     Send  for  a  circular  con- 
taining prices. 

171  Duane  Street,  New  York. 

106 


NORWICH,  CONN. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF  THE 


IMPROVED  CMDiR  CARTRIDGI  FISW, 

URGE  SINGLE  CARTRIDGE  PISTOL. 

Small  Single  Cartridge  pistol 


These  Arms  are  the  most  perfectly  finished  and  complete  in  all  respects 
of  any  ever  offered  to  the  public. 

The  Company  would  particularly  call  attention  to  their  Improved 
Cylinder  Cartridge  Pistol,  an  arm  which  is  admitted  to  be  unrivalled  for 
accuracy  of  aim,  length  of  range,  durability,  and  convenience  for  prompt 
and  effectual  use. 

107 


EXPRESS      HISTORY.  107 

In  January,  1854,  Earl  disposed  of  his  interest 
to  the  remaining  partners,  and  the  firm  became 
Howard  &  Co.  In  November,  1854,  the  Catawissa, 
WiUiamsport  and  Erie,  and  the  Williamsport  and 
Elmira  Railroads  formed  a  connection  with  the  Phila- 
delphia and  Reading  R.  R.  at  Port  Clinton,  and  How- 
ard &  Co.'s  Express  ran  through  to  Elmira,  N.  Y., 
daily;  there,  forming  a  connection  with  the  Ameri- 
can Express  Co.,  and  opening  a  new  and  more  direct 
route  from  Philadelphia  to  the  Northwestern  States. 

Howard  &  Co.'s  Easton  Express  was  commenced 
on  the  completion  of  the  Belvidere  and  Delaware 
Railroad  to  Lambertville,  N.  J.,  and  thence  by 
wagons  to  Easton,  a  distance  of  36  miles.  The 
Railroad  being  gradually  opened,  the  distance  for 
wagoning  was  lessened,  until,  in  the  latter  part  oi 
the  year  1853,  the  Belvidere  and  Delaware  Rail- 
road was  completed  to  Phillipsburg,  (opposite  Eas- 
ton). The  Express  was  then  run  to  Easton  entirely 
by  Railroad.  The  firm  was  represented  by  N.  G. 
Howard  and  A.  L.  Randall,  at  Philadelphia,  and 
John  Smylie,  Jr.,  at  Easton.  At  this  time  the  Le- 
high Valley  Railroad  was  being  constructed,  and 
Howard  &  Co.  placed  their  teams  on  the  route  from 
Easton  to  Mauch  Chunk.  In  1855,  the  Lehigh  Val- 
ley Railroad  being  completed,  the  Express  was  run 
through  from  Philadelphia  to  Mauch  Chunk  by  Rail- 
road. 

Howard  died  of  consumption  in  1859.     F.  Love- 
joy  is  the  Superintendent. 


108  EXPRESS    HISTORY. 

The  Howard  Express  Company  (P.  Janney,  Phila. 
Agent,)  is  another  institution,  having  its  headquar- 
ters in  the  same  office  in  Philadelphia  with  the 
Harnden  and  Howard  &  Co.,  where  Geo.  R.  Dunn 
is  general  agent  of  all  three.  F.  A.  Phillips  is 
chief  clerk. 

Edwards,  Sanford  &  Co's  European  Express, 
favorably  known  for  a  few  years  prior  to  1855,  be- 
came in  that  year,  by  a  union  with  Livingston,  Wells 
&  Co.,  "the  American-European,"  under  the  man- 
agement of  H.  S.  Lansing.  Subsequently  the  style 
was  changed  to  H.  S.  Lansing  &  Co.  This  firm 
abandoned  the  business  a  year  or  two  ago. 

W.  Williams  &  Co's  European  Express,  now  in 
successful  operation,  was  established  in  1854.  His 
Agent  in  Boston,  W.  H.  Pillow,  an  active  and  re- 
liable business  man,  is,  like  Williams,  a  native  of 
England.  He  is  also  engaged  in  the  Custom  House 
Brokerage  business,  being  one  of  the  firm  of  John 
K.  Stimson  &  Co.,  in  that  city. 

The  Globe  Express,  at  28  Broad  Street,  corner 
of  Exchange  Place,  was  established  by  L.  W.  Mor- 
ris, on  the  1st  of  May,  1859,  as  a  transatlantic  line. 
It  carries  to  all  parts  of  Europe,  and  to  foreign 
countries  generally.  Morris,  the  proprietor,  has 
long  been  in  the  shipping  and  forwarding  business, 
both  in  Europe  and  in  this  country. 


WHEELER  &  DIXON, 


TEACHERS     OF 


xuiml  ^oflk-^ujing, 


T^O.    83S 


Corner  of  13th  Street, 


A.  H.  WHEELER.  }  ^^^\|®^\B^® 


HIRAM  DIXON  &  SON, 


luMir  l^xauiitatits 


AND  TRADE  ASSIGNEES, 
Nos.  59  ANJ)  835  Broadway, 


108 


AUSERT  H.  NICOLA7, 

|^ttctifln«r  t!^  ^kk  §rokr, 

No.  52  William  Street, 

Near  Wall  Street,  SIW    ?dBS. 


REGULAR  AUCTION  SALES 


OF 


STOCKS  AND  BONDS, 


EVERY 

Monday  and  Thursday, 

(Which  have  been  the  regular  established  days  of  sale  for  many  years),  or 
every  day,  whenever  required,  at  12 J  o'clock,  at  the  Stock  Sales  Room, 
No.  62  William  Street,  or  at  the  Merchants'  Exchange,  as  desired. 
Stocks  and  Bonds  bought  and  sold  at  private  sale,  and  at  the  Brokers^ 
Board.  Interest  allowed  on  deposits  and  dividends  collected;  also,  Real 
Estate  at  public  and  private  sale. 

109 


EXPRESS    HISTORY.  109 

The  European  Agents  do  not  only  forward  par- 
cels and  Express  packages,  but  are,  at  the  same 
time,  Shipping  Agents  of  merchandise,  at  current 
rates  to  this  country,  by  either  steamer  or  sailing 
vessel,  according  to  instructions.  Upon  arrival, 
the  packages  are  cleared  at  the  New  York  Custom 
House  by  the  Globe  Express,  and  forwarded  to  des- 
tination, for  ordinary  commissions  only. 

A  particular  feature  of  this  establishment  is  the 
attention  it  pays  to  the  Passage  business. 

The  Globe  has  arrangements  with  almost  all  the 
Steamships  and  Sailing  Packet  Lines  between  this 
country  and  Europe,  and  with  the  different  Rail- 
road Companies  to  the  interior,  and  is  thus  enabled 
to  bring  passengers  from  any  place  in  Europe  to 
any  destination  in  the  United  States,  at  Companies^ 
rates,  safely,  and  unmolested  by  runners. 

Passengers  to  California  and  to  Europe  are  also 
taken  care  of  by  the  Express,  and  berths  provided 
for  them  in  advance  of  their  coming  to  New  York. 

Jones'  New  Orleans  and  Texas  Express  is 
owned  and  conducted  by  Starr  S.  Jones,  who  has 
been  located  at  Galveston  and  New  Orleans  for 
several  years  past,  and  is  very  favorably  known  in 
that  quarter.  He  dispatches  his  freight  once  or 
twice  a  week  from  New  Orleans  to  Galveston,  per 
steamship,  and  forwards  packages  for  the  interior 
by  steamboats  and  the  most  available  conveyances. 
The  business  of  his  line  is  conducted  with  com- 
mendable regularity  and  method. 


110  EXPRESS    HISTORY. 

There  are  in  New  England  numerous  small  indi- 
vidual expresses,  some  of  them  of  many  years' 
standing  and  very  useful.  There  are  some  of  more 
note,  which  we  will  very  briefly  mention. 

The  Earle  Express  Company,  whose  headquar- 
ters are  at  Boston  and  Providence,  R.  I.,  is  a  con- 
solidation of  several  long-established  local  con- 
cerns. B.  D.  &  L.  B.  Earle,  pioneers  of  the  Ex- 
press business  in  Rhode  Island,  were  formerly  bank 
messengers,  and  went  over  the  route  daily  in  that 
capacity,  from  the  time  that  the  B.  &  P.  R.  R.  was 
opened,  (1835,)  until  they  started  what  they  called 
Earle's  Express.  It  has  always  been  a  prompt, 
responsible  and  reliable  concern.  The  present 
Company  include  in  their  line  of  operations,  also, 
a  line  between  Providence,  Warren,  and  Bristol, 
R.  I.;  and  another  between  Providence,  Stonington 
and  New  London,  Conn. 

Osgood's  Express  operates  efficiently  on  the 
route  between  Providence  and  Worcester,  Mass., 
where  J.  H.  Osgood,  a  very  capable  and  experi- 
enced general  express  agent,  is  its  manager. 

Hatch,  Gray  &  Co's  Express,  from  Boston  to 
New  Bedford  and  Martha's  Vineyard,  was  com- 
menced in  1840,  by  that  energetic  and  wide-awake 
local  celebrity,  Col.  A.  D.  Hatch,  of  New  Bedford. 
The  terminus  of  his  route  at  that  time  was  Nan- 
tucket.    The  New  Bedford  and  Taunton  Branch 


EDWARD  EARLB.  T.  K.  EARLR 

T.  K.  EARLE  &  CO., 

WORCESTER  CARD-CLOTHING  &  BELT  MAIFICTORY, 

GILATTOIO'   STREXST, 

Near  the  Western  Railway  Depot,  WORCESTER,  MASS. 


MANUFACTURERS  OP  ALL  KINDS  OP 


COTTON  AND  TXTOOLLEN 

Of  the  best  quality,  from  Leather  and  all  varieties  of  Cloth  used  for  that  purpose. 

Angular  Wire  Cards  for  Tnmhiers,  Icaders-in,  and  Feed  Rolls;  also,  a  very  coarse 

article  for  Carding  Waste,  Old  Rags,  &c.;  Doffer  Rings  of  the  most 

perfect  qnality;  also,  the  most  approved  Napper  Cards, 

In  connection  with  the  above,  they  are  manufacturinpj  all  kinds  of 

OAE-TANNED  LEATHER  BELTING 

Of  the  very  best  quality;  Covering  Feed  Rolls,  Buff-Wheels,  Pulleys;  makliig^  all 
kinds  of  Loom  Straps  for  manufacturers'  use,  &c. 

They  have  received  Medals  from  all  the  principal  Fairs  ia  the  country,  as  also  one 
from  the  World's  Exhibition,  held  at  London,  1851. 

These  awards  of  excellence,  together  with  a  steady  and  constant  increase  of  busi- 
ness, {which  is  the  true  test.)  have  led  them  to  build  a  new  and  commodious  Factory, 
and  to  increase  their  Machinery,  so  as  to  make  their  Establishment  the  most  perfect 
one  of  the  kind  in  the  world;  and  they  are  therefore  prepared  to  execute  all  orders 
with  promptness,  and  in  the  most  perfect  manner. 


ANDREWS   &   JESUP,  Agents, 

]¥EW  YORK  CITY, 


I^EFEI^ElSrCES 


NouKSK,  Mason  &  Co.,  " 

Fox  h  Rice, 

Daxiel  Tainter,  f  Worcester,  Mass. 

F.    WiLLARB  &  Co.. 

H.  N.  BiGELOW,  Clinton,  Mass. 
J.  H.  SiocKTO.v  &  Co.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
J.  F.  Tow.vKR  k  Co.,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Waterman  Smitu,  Manchester,  N.  H. 


John  Gardner,  Boston,  Mass. 

W.  A.  Robinson  &  Co.,  Providence,  R.  I. 

J.  L.  SLOCUM,  if  :::i.r    U. 

Edward  Harris,  Woonsocket^. .-:  ,•;  v"  i 

J.  W.  Andrews  &  Co.,   'I 

Murray  &  Davis.  ^New  York. 

Charles  W.  Hoi.brook,J 

L.  S.  Hargocs.  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico. 


110 


^ 


d^ 


.^0  x^^'^^^'^^  oo^ 


NEW  VORK  CtTV, 

JTo.    18     W\a£,Ij    STKEET. 


<^ 


> 


OASH   OAI>ITA.I.,  S250,000, 

With  a  large  and  accumulating  Surplus. 


FIRE  INSURANCE  IN  ALL  ITS  BRANCHES. 


Taken  upon  Hulls  and  Cargoes,  upon  the  Lakes,  Rivers  and  Canals. 


OPEN  POLICIES  ISSUED  TO  COVER  SHIPMENTS  MADE  BY  FORWARDERS. 

RICHARD  A.  OAKL.EY,  Secretary. 

AliBERT  IVARD,  President. 


BRANCH  OFFICE,  A.  T.  CO.,  No.  7  Coenties  SHp. 

XS.  lux.  CAXiEB,  USarine  Inspector. 


DIRECTORS: 


Hetky  GmsyHix, 

Caleb  Barstow,  President  St.  Nicholas  Bank. 

Edmund  Pknfold,  firm  of  Penfold,  Schuyler  &  Co. 

Hanson  K.  Corning, 

OODKN  Haggertt,        "    Haggerty  &  Co. 

Thomas  Monahan,  President  Fulton  Bank. 

Albbrt  Ward, 

Chas.  Easton,  firm  of  Eastons,  Cahoone  &  Kinney. 

L.  L.  Sturgbs,  firm  of  Sturges,  Clearman  &  Co. 


W.  R.  &  C.  B.  Fosdick. 
W.  W.  De  Forest  &  Co. 
Thayer,  Denning  &  Co. 
Taylor,  Hubbell  &  Co. 


Wm.  R.  Fosdick,   «' 

Gko.  F.  Thomab,      " 

Embrt  Thatkr,       " 

Zalmon  Tatlob,      ** 

BiNj.  F.  Wardwell, 

Louis  Lorut,  firm  of  Louis  Lorut. 

A.  R.  Frothingham, 

Thomas  F.  Youngs,  firm  of  Youngs  &  Co. 

Sam'l  L.  MrrcHiLL,'       ♦  *      Sam'l  L.  MitchiU  &  Co. 


Joshua  L.  Popb,   firm  of 
RuFus  R.  Graves,        " 
Henry  Davis,  " 

Hknry  K.  Bogkrt,       " 
Samuel  G.  Gliddkn,     " 
Stephen  Cambrelkno, 
Thomas  Scott,  " 

ABM.  R.  Van  Nest,      " 
Wm.  a.  Sale,  " 

La  WHENCE  TURNURE,      " 

Daniel  G.  Bacon,        " 
WiLUAM  H.  Gary,       *' 

Theo.  Polhkmus,  Jr.,  " 
Elisha  K.  Morgan,      " 
Thomas  S.  Nelson,     " 
Henry  G.  Eilshemius, 
William  E.  Shsfabd. 


Barstow  &  Pope. 
R.  R.  Graves*  Co. 
Davis,  Morris  k  Co. 
Bogert  &  Kneeland. 
J.  0.  Baker  k  Co. 
Lawyer. 
Thomas  Scott. 
A.R.  VanNest&Co. 
Wm.  A.  Sale  &Co. 
Moses  Taylor  &  Co. 

D.  G.  &  W.  B.  Bacon. 
Gary,  Howard,  Sanger 

[&  Co. 
Fox  &  Polhemus. 

E.  E.  Morgan  k  Co. 
Holbrook  &  Nelson. 


Ill 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  Ill 

Railroad  had  just  been  put  into  operation.  The 
stage-drivers  whom  it  deprived  of  business,  ob- 
tained situations  upon  the  Railroad  as  conductors 
and  brakemen.  The  lines  of  stages  thus  broken 
up  were  owned  by  Elias  Sampson  k  Co.  and 
Jesse  Smith.  Sampson  soon  added  his  strength  to 
Hatch's,  and  (in  1843,  we  think  it  was,)  the  firm 
became  Hatch  &  Co. 

Col.  Hatch  acted  as  his  own  messenger  for  several 
years,  at  any  rate,  and  still  does  so,  we  think. 
Rapid  in  his  movements,  zealous  in  everything  he 
undertook,  and  thoroughly  experienced  as  a  man 
of  business,  he  accomplished  more  work  than  half 
a  dozen  ordinary  employees  could  have  done,  and, 
in  the  face  of  much  discouragement,  established  his 
Express  upon  a  durable  foundation. 

FiSKE  &  Co.'s  Express  had  its  head-quarters  in 
the  Railroad  Exchange  Building,  which  forms  upon 
Court  Square,  the  rear  of  the  admirable  Museum 
edifice,  owned  by  David  and  Moses  Kimball.  The 
premises  were  originally  leased  by  Benjamin  F. 
Cheney,  of  Cheney  &  Co.'s  Express,  for  the  accom- 
modation of  his  own,  and  numerous  local  Express- 
es, and  under  his  judicious  management  it  became 
a  sort  of  Express  Arcade. 

The  founder  of  Fiske  &  Co.'s  business  was  L. 
Bigelow,  who  had  a  contract  for  express  facilities 
upon  the  Boston  and  Fitchburg,  Mass.,  Railroad, 
and  Worcester  and  Nashua  Railroad,  as  early  as 


112  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

July,  1848,  and  this  was  continued  until  March  let, 
1851,  when  Bigelow  having  sold  out  to  them,  Fiske 
&  Rice  obtained  the  same  privileges.  This  was  con- 
tinued until  November  30th,  1854,  when  from  the 
date  of  a  new  contract  with  the  Worcester  and 
Nashua  Railroad,  we  find  that  the  firm  had  been 
changed  to  Fiske  &  Co.  That  is  still  the  style  of 
it.  Bigelow 's  main  route  was  from  Boston  to  Bur- 
lington, Yt.,  and  Montreal.  When  he  commenced, 
the  Worcester  and  Nashua  Railroad  was  open  only 
from  Groton  Junction  to  Clinton,  Mass.:  December 
18th,  1848,  it  was  opened  for  travel  the  entire  dis- 
tance from  Worcester  to  Nashua;  connecting  at 
different  points,  upon  the  route,  with  the  Boston 
and  Fitchburg  Railroad,  and  the  Stony-Brook  Rail- 
road. No  better  built  railway  was  to  be  found  in 
America,  and  the  world  could  not  show  an  avenue 
having  a  more  picturesque  and  charming  series  of 
landscapes  to  pass  through.  Old  travellers  upon 
this  route,  before  railways  had  been  projected,  will 
remember  that  its  beautiful  scenery  well  repaid  the 
labor  of  a  long  coach-ride.  The  numerous  ever- 
lasting hills  which  Genery  Twichell  and  John  C. 
Stiles  tried,  and  not  in  vain,  to  make  easy  with 
their  fine  teams  and  stages,  and  entertaining  talk, 
are  now  circumvented  of  all  their  difficulties  by 
the  Worcester  and  Nashua  Railroad.  The  gratified 
traveller,  skimming  along  at  the  rate  of  25  or  30 
miles  an  hour,  sees  only  the  agreeable  side  of  them, 
with  the  verdant  meadows  at  their  feet,  intersected 


^  "^^  445,  447  and  449  ^'^ 

"^  FIRST    AVENUE,  ^ 

Cor.  Enst  2Tth  Street,  ]¥E1V  YORK  CITY. 


This  establishment  presents  to  Builders  superior  advantages  over  any  other; 
here  they  can  obtain  at  all  times  an  assortment  of 

Seasoned  Lumber,  White  Pine,  Spruce,  Hemlock, 

AND  A  STOCK  OF 

w^iLaiii,  mmm  Mm  mum  mm  mmm. 

The  stock  of  finished 

WOOD  MOULDINGS 

is  of  the  best  (|iiality  of  seasoned  Pine,  and  embraces  over  600  patterns. 


9 

of  any  style,  worked  to  order,  at  short  notice. 

Sash,  Blinds  and  Doors 

on  hand  and  made  to  order  with  dispatch.     The  friends  of  H.  V. 
Mandeville  will  find  hira  here,  ready  to  fill  any 
orders  they  may  favor  him  with. 

J.  F.  CUNNINGHAM, 

Proprietor* 

112 


PATENT 


I  MtBf 


SECURED    WITH   THE    BEST 

PiWBli  ill  Mlli.il^"'**^™'^  ■ 


If&'AI 


IB.    C3-.    -V^IHiIDESn.    dfc    CO., 

AGENTS  FOR  THE  PATENTEE  AND  MANUFACTURERS, 

DEPOT,  191   BKOAD^VAY,  cor.  of  DEY  ST.,  New  Voik, 


197  SOUTH  WATER  STREET,  Chicago,  111. 
Cflanufactory^  Third  •Ivenue,  cor.  l^th  Street,  JSrooklyn. 


NoTiCK.— This  celebrated  Fire-rroof  Safe  is  no  longer  made  and  sold  by  Silas  C.  Herring,  his  licen.>e 
having  expired. 

CAUTION     TO     THE     PUBLIC. 


The  world-wide  reputation  ol"  the  WILDER  PATENT  SALAMANDER  FIRE- 
PROOF SAFE  has  led  other  Safe  Makers  in  this  City  to  taf>e  withmit  aiUhurity 
the  name  of  "  WILDER,"'  to  help  them  to  dispose  of  their  WORTHLESS  TRASH . 
and  to  impose  upon  the  community.  That  we  may  not  be  misunderstood,  we  would 
state  that  the  7iame  of  the  firm  above  alluded  to  is  TILTON  &  McFARLAND,  and 
that  their  place  of  business  is  at  No.  26  Cedar  Stubet,  in  the  City  of  New  York. 
The  Safes  are  generally  disposed  of  through  third  parties,  who  are  irresponsible. 

WE  CAUTION  THE  PUBLIC  to  be  on  their  guard  when  purchasing  Safes,  as 
the  celebrated 


WILDER  PATENT  SALAMANDER  SAFE 


Known  to  be  the  great  Fire-Proof  Safe  of  the  World,  IS  MARKED   -WILDER'S 
PATENT,"  and  is  for  sale  only  by 

Messrs.  STEARNS  &  MARVIN,  No.  40  Murray  Street, 
Messrs.  QUIRK  BROTHERS,  No.  98  Maiden  Lane, 

And  at  our  Warehouse,  Wo.  191  BROAD  VTA  V,  corner  of  Dey  Street, 
New  York,  where  a  full  assortment  can  always  be  found. 

B.  O.  WIIiDJCR  &  CO. 

113 


EXPRESS      HISTORY.  1 1  (J 

by  babbling  brooks  and  still  rivers.  And  now,  in 
place  of  those  admirable  stage-men,  who  gave  such 
a  dignity  and  popularity  to  their  calling  in  that 
olden  time,  we  have  conductors,  Lyman  Brooks 
and  Aaron  King,  whose  care  and  attention  to  the 
accommodation  of  travellers  are  no  less  than  theirs. 
For  many  years  those  gentlemen  have  been  serv- 
ing the  public  upon  this  admirably-managed  road, 
"  winning  golden  opinions  from  all  sorts  of  people,'' 
by  their  uniformly  agreeable  and  correct  deport- 
ment. Lyman  Brooks  has  been  upon  this  Railroad 
from  the  commencement.  G.  W.  Bentley,  the  su- 
perintendent of  the  Worcester  and  Nashua  Rail- 
road, became  connected  with  its  direction  in  1849, 
and  has  labored  zealously  ever  since,  to  promote 
its  popularity  and  increase  its  revenue.  The  clean- 
liness of  the  cars,  the  neatness  and  orderly  system 
of  the  offices,  and  the  thorough  repair  in  which  the 
track  and  rolling-stock  are  kept,  speak  his  praises 
louder  than  words  can  do.  J.  G.  Stiles,  to  whom 
we  have  alluded,  is  now  superintendent  of  one  of 
the  Horse  Railroads,  in  Boston. 

The  original  Worcester  Expressman  was  S.  S. 
Leonard.  He  started  it  as  long  ago  as  1840;  pass- 
ing, as  his  own  messenger,  over  the  Boston  and 
Worcester  Railroad  twice  a  day.  Fuller,  a  con- 
ductor upon  the  Worcester  and  Norwich  Rail- 
road, (we  learn  from  Albert  Roath,  one  of  the  best 
conductors  ever  upon  that  route,)  did  a  kind  of 
Express  service  about  the  same  time,  between  the 

13 


114  EXPRESS    HISTORY. 

two  latter  cities.  Fuller^s  Express  is  now  well 
known. 

Benjamin  P.  Cheney,  since  famous  in  the  East  as 
an  Express  pioneer  and  proprietor,  was  formerly  a 
stage-driver.  Cheney  &  Co's  express  lines  are  very 
useful  in  Massachusetts,  New  Hampshire  and  Ver- 
mont; as  those  of  the  Hope  Express  are  in  New 
Jersey,  Delaware  and  Pennsylvania. 

Pullen  &  Co's  Harlem  R.  R.  Express,  No.  2  Tryon 
Row,  was  originated  by  E.  T.  Dudley  in  1850.  In 
1858,  after  passing  through  divers  hands,  it  became 
the  property  of  Pullen  &  Co.  It  is  ably  conducted 
by  Fred.  T.  Pullen,  a  son  of  the  veteran  Major  J. 
A.  Pullen.  The  line  is  upwards  of  130  miles  in 
extent,  and  includes  about  seventy  places  of  deliv- 
ery en  route. 

Brees  &  Co^s  line,  founded  by  Bailey  Brees,  in 
1855,  and  now  conducted  by  his  son,  Stephen  B. 
Brees,  extends  from  this  city  to  Hackettstown,  N. 
J.,  over  the  Morris  &  Essex  R.  R.,  and  by  the  Sus- 
sex R.  R.  to  Newton,  N.  J. 

The  Baggage  Express  business  was  originated  by 
Arnoux.  Warren  Studley,  in  1852,  made  it  quite 
an  institution,  for  the  accommodation  of  the  pas- 
sengers of  the  N.  Y.  and  N.  Haven  R.  R.  He  now 
employs  many  elegant  wagons.  Every  large  city 
in  this  country  now  has  its  baggage  expresses.  The 
charge  for  the  transportation  of  baggage  between 
the  railroad  depots  and  hotels,  or  other  residences 
in  the  corporation  limits,  is  25  cents  per  package. 


IUb 


f  iiii  1^  ^if  n 


MANUFACTURED  BY 


FHIUDELPHIA,  FA, 


The  Celebrated  Elliptic  Lock  Stitch  and  Improved  Shuttle  Sew- 
ing Machines 

manufactured  by  this  House  are  sold  by  their  Agents  in  every  large  city  and  town 
in  America,  and  they  are 

WARRANTED  TO  EVERY  PURCHASER !!!! 

They  have  been  tested  in  the  most  thorough  manner,  and  the  manufacturers  having 
in  every  case  defeated  competition, 

Challenge  the  World 

to  produce  their  equal  in  the  rapidity  and  beauty  of  execution,  the  elegance  of  work 
upon  all  fabrics,  and  in  their  simplicity  of  construction  and  ease  of  operation;  and 
they  further  claim  for  them,  that  in  all  the  Sewing  Machines  now  before  the  people, 
they  are  universally  admitted  THE  NEATEST  !  THE  CHEAPEST ! !  THE 
BEST!!! 

No.  1129  Beach  Street, 

PHIIiAD£LPHIA. 

lU 


W.  p.  UHLINGER  &  CO., 

MANUFACTURERS    OF    ALL   KIXDS  OF 


o  y 

OFFISE  m^  SALESROOM, 
628  Arch  Street,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


Our  LOOP-STITCH  SEWING  MACHINES  have  now  been  before  the  public  some 

years,  and  have  established  a  reputation  for  themselves  wherever 

they  have  been  introduced.    The  three  qualities, 


Simplicity,  Durability  and  Cheapness 


requisite  for  a  FIRST-CLASS  SEWING  MACHINE,  have  been  combined  in  ours, 

which  all  those  using  them  will  admit.     They  are  adapted  to  all  kinds 

of  work,  whether  for  Private  F.\miues  or  Maxufactcreiw. 

Of  late  we  have  also  commenced  to  manufacture 

Wm\i  UR  lOCKSTITOH  MACHii. 

in  order  to  offer  our  customers  every  variety  of  Sewing  Machines;  and  we  can  say 
without  boasting,  that  we  have  succeeded  in  producing  one  that  has  been  pronounced 
by  COMPETENT   JUDGES  the  MOST  PERFECT  Sewing  MACHINE  cvcr  invented. 

MANUFACTURERS;OF  LEATHER  WORK 

will  please  notice  that  we  guarantee  this  Machine  to  be  better  adapted  for  Leather 
Work  than  any  other  Sewing  Machine.  Finer  grades  of  sewing  it  will  do  equally 
as  weU. 

For  further  particulars,  please  address  as  above.     A  few 
Agencies  open  yet  in  different  parts  of  the  Unioui 

W.  p.  Uhlinger  &  Co.  Hermann  Albrecht. 

115 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  115 

The  Baggage  Express  has  a  contract  for  exclusive 
privileges  on  the  railroad  with  which  it  connects, 
and  on  every  train  has  a  messenger,  who  applies 
to  each  passenger  just  before  the  cars  reach  their 
destination,  and  receives  bis  checks  and  orders  as 
to  the  delivery  of  his  trunks,  &c.  The  customer 
then  has  no  further  care  in  the  matter,  but  as  soon 
as  he  arrives  may  proceed  directly  to  his  residence 
or  hotel,  with  the  assurance  that  his  baggage  will 
follow  him  in  quick  time  and  good  order.  By  this 
means  the  hackney-coach  nuisance  is  almost  en- 
tirely abated,  and  we  rarely  hear  now  of  imposi- 
tions by  drivers  upon  passengers. 

The  Manhattan  Express  Company  (Westcott, 
Dodd  &  Co.,  Proprietors,)  has  its  main  office  at  'No. 
168  Broadway,  but  it  is  in  fact  almost  ubiquitous 
on  this  great  little  island  of  Manhattan,  as  well  as 
in  the  neighboring  cities,  which  its  numerous  hand- 
some green  wagons,  lettered  in  gold,  and  drawn 
by  some  of  the  best  horses  in  the  world,  are  con- 
stantly traversing,  for  the  delivery  and  collection 
of  baggage  and  other  packages. 

This  Company,  now  so  extensive  and  invaluable 
in  its  metropolitan  operations,  had  its  origin  in  the 
smallest  possible  beginning.  It  was  commenced  in 
1851  by  Robert  F.  Westcott,  (now  the  senior  mem- 
ber of  the  prosperous  and  enterprising  firm  of 
Westcott,  Dodd  &  Co.,)  with  a  single  horse  and 
wagon.  In  1855,  A.  S.  Dodd,  at  that  time  con- 
nected with  the  National  Express  Company,  and 


116  EXPRESS    HISTORY. 

principal  manager  of  the  New  Jersey  Express  Com- 
pany, became  associated  with  him  in  his  city  ex- 
press business,  at  which  time  Westcott  had  largely 
increased  his  operations.  He  foresaw  that  a  grand 
business  might  be  made,  with  the  aid  of  judicious 
headwork  and  more  capital,  and  was  fortunate  in 
securing  both.  ■  It  was  known  for  a  time  as  the 
Westcott  Express,  but  on  account  of  a  consolida- 
tion and  new  organization,  it  assumed  in  1858  the 
style  of  "The  Manhattan  Express  Company." 

Westcott,  Dodd  &  Co.  have  at  present  50  branch 
offices  throughout  the  cities  of  New  York,  Brook- 
lyn, Williamsburgh,  Jersey  City,  Hoboken,  Staten 
Island,  and  at  Long  Branch.  Their  wagons  make 
delivery  every  two  hours.  The  Manhattan  Com- 
pany's Baggage  Agents  may  always  be  found  upon 
the  trains  of  the  Hudson  River  Railroad,  the  New 
York  and  Erie  Railroad,  the  New  Jersey  Railroad, 
and  the  New  Jersey  Central  Railroad;  the  Long 
Branch  line,  the  North  River  boats  Thomas  Pow- 
ell and  Daniel  Drew,  the  Norwich  and  Worcester 
line  for  Boston,  and  the  New  Haven  steamboats 
Elm  City  and  Traveler;  also  upon  the  New  York 
and  Savannah  steamers,  Mitchill  line  and  Crom- 
well line,  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia,  and 
Florida  steamboats. 

To  render  the  operation  of  their  various  lines 
and  fifty  offices  entirely  perfect,  the  Manhattan 
Express  Company  now  use,  between  their  distant 
offices  in  the  metropolis,  a  Telegraph,  by  means  of 


STUART  &  PETERSON 


MANUFACTUKE 


Cooking  aiiir  lark  ^taks, 


TINNED  IRON  HOLLOW^  WARE, 


Turned  Iron  Hollow  Ware, 
Plain  Iron  Hollow  Ware, 
Heavy  Iron  Hollow  Ware, 


Ia  m 


MISCilili/iMOOS  HARBWARi  GOODS, 

mn%,  i®l  AHi  MEAL  illLLi, 

13th   and  Willow  Streets, 

PHILADELPHIA, 


116 


STIMSON,  YALENTINE  &  CO., 


FaCIOKT,    KlV£Kt3IUB,   fiRIGHTON. 


Stuks,  30  Isdul  Strekt. 


COACH-MAKERS'  VARfilSH   km  JAPAN, 

Fnrniture-Manufactnrers',  Painters',  and  Builders'  Matnred  Varnishes, 

of  finest  quality,  luit&ble  for  the  Home,  Tropical,  and  ail  Foreign  Markets. 


IfHlTE  COACH  BODY, 
BEST  WEARING  BODY, 
RAIL  ROAD  CAR, 
ELASTIC  COACH  BODY, 

A.  G.  STIMSON, 


IMPERIAL  COACH  BODY, 
CARRIAGE  FINISHING, 
BODY  FINISHING, 


LIGHT  RUBBING, 
No.  1  COACH, 
ENAMEL  LEATHER, 
IMPERL^  COACH  JAPAN. 


L.  VALENTINE,        H.  C.  VALENTINE. 


"  7%«  New  York  Coach-Makers^  Magazine,^  in  the  course  of  a  long  article 
upon  the  manufacture  of  Yarnishes,  devotes  considerable  space  to  a  notice 
of  Stimson,  Valentine  &  Go's  extensive  and  flourishing  factory,  near  Bos- 
ton, where  a  celebrated  Newark  Varnish  maker,  Mr.  John  Babcock,  is  the 
chief  operator  and  superintendent.     The  Magazine  closes  by  saying: 

"  This  firm  do  a  large  business  in  the  common  grades  of  Varnish.  Their 
*  Rail  Road  Car  Varnish '  is  preferred  to  the  best  of  English.  Their  Piano- 
polishing  and  flowing  Varnishes  are  used  all  over  the  country.  Their  sup- 
ply of  stock  and  tools  used  by  both  house  and  carriage  painters  is  equal  in 
<juality  and  quantity  to  any  other  House  in  New  England.  An  abundance 
of  testimonials  are  shown  to  the  visitor,  all  speaking  highly  of  the  quality  of 
their  varnishes;  and  a  majority  of  these  are  from  men  occupying  the  prin- 
cipal stations  in  the  most  noted  carriage  shops  of  Boston,  New  Haven,  and 
other  places.  They  have  every  advantage  over  competition,  the  senior  mem- 
ber having  been  engaged  in  the  business  nearly  30  years,  and,  until  they 
lately  moved,  had  been  located  in  one  store  27  years,  and  that  the  oldest  in 
New  England  in  the  trade.  They  have  spent  a  fortune  in  bringing  their 
establishment  to  its  present  perfection,  and  are  now  reaping  the  fruits  of  a 
long  and  faithful  service  devoted  to  the  interests  and  advantage  of  their 
nu  icrous  patrons." 

118 


EDWARD  A.  WARNE, 


IMPORTER  AND  MANUFACTURER  OF 


-  M  m, 


35  South  Third  St.,  above  Chestnut, 


THOMPSON,  RICHARDSON  &  CO., 

nxAsruFACTuxizsRs  or 

<JOLD  JEWELRY, 

No.  35   South   Third   Street, 


Address 

EDAv^RD  A..  'wajrn:e. 


Agent. 


118 


IMPROVED 


i?^ 


112  SOUTH  THIRD  STREET, 
PHIL.ADEJLFIIIA. 


E 


9 


Having  been  successfully  engaged  in  the  GIFT  BOOK  TRADE  since 
1854,  I  have  had  ample  opportunity  to  perfect  my  business  in  all  its  de- 
tails. 

By  selling  immense  numbers  of  Books,  I  have  been  able  to  buy  at  the 
very  lowest  prices. 

Experience  has  proved  that  the  greatest  liberality  induces  the  greatest 
trade,  and  it  is  a  matter  of  fad  that  the 

^^§«^  %^^^^«^^  m  ^'\m^ 

secure  a  continuance  of  patronage. 

MY  SYSTEM  OF  DISTRIBUTION  has  been  perfected,  so  as  to  al. 
low  the  largest  possible  per  centage  for  Gifts;  and  by  this  system,  the 
largest  gifts,  such  as 

ioIt(  anb  Sillier  ^att|{s,  art  as  sure  to  k  §istril)«felr 

as  the  smaller  gifts.  This  fact  is  worthy  of  the  consideration  of  those  who 
may  have  come  to  the  conclusion  that  all  gift  euterprises  forget  this  part 
of  the  distribution. 

I  save  over  $40,000  annually  by  making  my  Gift  Book  Store  advertise- 
ments short  and  to  the  point,  and  this  amount  is  added  to  the  value  of  my 
Gifts. 

My  terms  to  agents  are  not  excelled,  and  my  orders  are  filled  with 
promptness,  care,  and  impartiality. 

Express  agents  and  all  others  interested  will  find  it  to  their  advantage 
to  address  me  for  further  particulars. 

Address,  R.     MELVIN, 

BULLETIN    BUILDING, 

112  South  3cl  Street,  Pliiladelphia,  Pa. 

119 


APPENDIX. 


The  Liability  of  Express  Propuietors  as  Carriers.  Some  Important 
.Judicial  Decisions  in  relation  to  it.  Express  Routine.  Usefut. 
Hints  to  Express  Employees.  A  mass  of  interesting  and  amusing 
Sketches  and  Anecdotes,  illustrating  Express  and  Railroad  Pecu- 
liarities.   Robberies  of  tub  Express. 

Having  given  the  history  of  the  origin  of  Rail- 
roads in  America,  and  the  rise  and  progress  of  the 
Express  business,  it  will  be  appropriate  to  devote 
the  closing  portion  of  the  work  to  some  mention  of 
matters  incidental  to  those  institutions.  Express 
affairs  being  the  subject  more  especially  under  cont 
sideration,  what  we  shall  have  to  say  now,  will  have 
particular  reference  to  them. 

We  propose  to  speak  first  upon  a  point  of  the 
last  importance  to  Express  proprietors,  viz.,  their 
liability  as  Carriers;  then  of  some  interesting  facts 
in  Express  routine,  and  afterwards  devote  about  40 
pages  to  curious  and  useful  facts  and  entertaining 
sketches  and  anecdotes,  illustrating  the  peculiarities 
of  Express  and  Railroad  life. 

The  Liability  of  Expressmen  as  Carriers. 

For  many  years  expressmen  were  universally 
regarded,  not  as  ''  Common  Carriers,"  but  as  For- 


120  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

warders  or  Agents  of  those  sending  by  :hem:  hence 
the  terms  "Express  Agents"  and  "Express  For- 
warders." All  that  they  promised,  and  all  that 
was  expected  of  them,  was  to  use  due  diligence  and 
fidelity  in  the  execution  of  the  business  intrusted  to 
them  by  their  customers.  If  by  storm  or  fire,  or 
any  accident  beyond  the  control  of  themselves  or 
their  employees,  any  parcel  or  package  in  their 
charge  was  damaged,  lost  or  destroyed,  they  were 
not  held  liable  to  make  it  good  or  pay  for  it.  They 
held  that  the  Railroad  or  Steamboat  Company  own- 
ing the  cars  or  boats  in  which  the  goods  were  convey- 
ed, were  common  carriers;  but  expressmen  were 
merely  messengers.  In  one  or  two  instances  only, 
in  the  early  stages  of  the  Express  business,  was  this 
position  contested  in  a  court  of  law.  Of  late  years, 
there  have  been  several  cases  of  the  kind,  (to  be 
quoted  in  the  following  pages,)  but  the  instances 
are  rare. 

Express  proprietors  are  now  beginning  to  regard 
themselves  as  carriers  under  special  contract  with 
their  customers:  that  is  to  say,  whenever  they  take 
a  package  or  parcel  for  transportation,  they  give  a 
receipt  for  it,  in  which  they  state  precisely  what 
they  undertake  to  do  with  it,  and  the  limit  of  their 
pecuniary  liability  in  the  case. 

The  Adams  Express,  in  receipting  for  a  package, 
uses  the  simplest  form  possible,  giving  the  marks 
of  it,  and  specifying  the  value,  if  it  is  stated.  The 
following  printed  clause  is  included  in  the  receipt: 


GIFTS  RARE  AND  BEAUTIFUL 

GIVEN  INDISCRIMINATELY 

WITHOUT  MONEY  TO  ALL  PERSONS  ORDERING  BOOKS 

FROM 

CLARK'S 


No.  806  SPRING  GARDEN  STREET, 

PHILADELPHIA. 


This  establishraeut  is  conducted  on  a  scale  of  unsurpassed  magnificence 
and  liberality, 

AS     THOUSANDS     CAN     TESTIFY, 

and  universally  acknowledged  to  be  the  most  liberal  and  punctual  Gift  en- 
terprise in  the  United  States. 

Copies  of  my  new  and  Classified  Catalogue  of  Books  sent  free  to  any 
address. 


IlSriDXJOE3Sd:E3SrTS- 

More  liberal  inducements  are  offered  to  agents  than  by  any  other  simi- 
lar establishment  in  the  United  States. 

Agents  wanted  in  every  town  in  the  United  States.  One  trial  will  con- 
vince you  that  the  best  place  to  get  your  Books  is  at  Clark's  Gift  Book 
Store  and  Publishing  House,  where  you  get  a  book  worth  the  money  in- 
vested and  often  a  valuable  gift,  such  as  Gold  and  Silver  Watches,  Gold 
Lockets,  Breast  Pins,  Ear  Drops,  Gold  Pencils,  Pens,  Silk  Dress  Patterns, 
&c.     «@*  Send  for  a  Catalogue. 

X>.    -SAT.    <DJLBjA:FLlES.y 

806  Spring  Garden  Street, 

PHILADELPHLi,  Pi- 
120 


--,         QUAKER  CITY  -- 


BOOKS.  PHILADELPfflA.  Pa.  GIFTS. 


With  Books  of  every  standard  Author,  in  all  the  departments  of  Literature,  at  Publishers' 
lowest  prices,  you  will  obtain 

Elegant  Presents  from  the  Quaker  City  Publishing  House,  Philadelphia. 

The  oldest  Publishing  House  in  America  conducting  the  Gift  Book  Business. 

A  NEW  AND  ENUABGED  LtST  OF  SPLENDID  GIFTS, 

KMBRACINO 

VaUiable  and  appropriate  GIFTS  for  MOTHERS. 
Valuable  and  appropriate  GIFTS  for  FATHERS. 
Valuable  and  appropriate  GIFTS  for  SISTECS. 

Valuable  and  appropriate  GIFTS  for  BROTHERS. 

Valuable  and  appropriate  GIFTS  for  SWEETHEARTS. 
Valuable  and  appropriate  GIFTS  for  LOVERS. 
Valuable  and  appropriate  GIFTS  for  WIVES. 

Valuable  and  appropriate  GIFTS  for  HUSBANDS. 
This  List  will  be  sent  free  to  all.    Send  for  it.    A  new  edition  of  the  Quaker  City  Publish- 
ing House  Catalogue  has  just  been  issued,  comprising 

Ti  if  ME,  m  STMiO  ME,  Ti  MlSmiilS  WE, 

In  all  the  departments  of 

Not  an  exceptionable  volume  can  be  found  in  the  entire  Catalogue.    It  is  richly  worthy  the 
attention  of  the  Scholar  and  general  reader,  and  is  sent  free  to  any  address.    Write  for  it. 

It  contains  books  of 
HISTORY,  TRAVEL.  HUMOR.  FACT.  DEVOTION, 

BIOGRAPHY,  POETRY,  ADVENTURE,         FICTION,         AMUSEMENT. 

It  contains  books  for  Old  and  Young,  Boys  and  Girls.  Farmers  and  Mechanics,  Merchants 
and  Physicians,  Lawyers  and  Statesmen,  Soldiers  and  Sailoi-s. 

Remember  that  all  books  are  sold  as  low  as  at  any  other  establishment,  and  a  handsome 
present  accompanies  each  book  sold. 

ALBUMS,  of  all  sizes  and  styles,  with  splendid  Engravings. 

PRESENTATION  BOOKS,  in  every  beautiful  style  of  Binding. 
PRAYER  BOOKS,  Protestant  and  Catholic. 
HYMN  BOOKS,  of  all  denominations. 
POEMS,  of  all  tbe  authors. 

JUVENIl.E  BOOKS,  in  almost  endless  variety. 
BIBLES,  of  all  sizes  and  qualities. 
All  sold  at  the  lowest  prices,  and  a  beautiful  gift  presented  with  each  book. 

The  Quaker  City  Publishing  House  Guarantees  the  most  Pcrfert  Satisfaction 

to  all  of  its  patrons. 

BEAR  IN  MIND  THAT  you  can  order  any  books  which  are  in  print,  and  they  will  be  fur- 
nished at  the  Publishers^  Prices,  and  promptly  sent  to  any  destination. 

MONEY  MAY  BE  SENT  AT  OUR  RISK,  provided  it  is  inclosed  in  presence  of  a  reliable 
person  and  properly  registered.  But  the  best  and  safest  mode  is  to  remit  by  Draft  on  Phil- 
adelphia or  New  York,  and  made  payable  to  my  order. 

TO  THOSE  WHO  WILL  ACT  AS  AGENTS— Send  for  a  Catalogue  and  private  Circular, 
which  contain  inducements  not  to  be  excelled,  if  equaled,  by  any  other  establit.hment,  with 
full  directions  and  particulars.    Address  all  orders  to 

Proprietor  of  the  Quaker  Citj  Publishing  Ifonae, 

No.  33  South  Third  Street,  Philadelphia,  Pa* 
121 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  121 

"  To  be  forwarded  to only. 

It  is  further  agreed,  and  is  part  of  the  consideration  of  this  con- 
tract, that  the  ADAMS  EXPftESS  COMPANY  are  not  to 
responsible,  except  as  Forwarders,  for  any  loss  or  damage 
arising  from  the  dangers  of  Railroad,  Steam,  or  River  Naviga- 
tion, Leakage,  Fire,  or  from  any  cause  whatever,  unless  the  same 
be  proved  to  have  occurred  from  the  fraud  or  gross  negligence  of 
ourselves,  our  Agents  or  Servants;  and  we,  in  no  event,  to  be  lia- 
ble beyond  our  route,  as  herein  receipted.  Yalued  under  fifty 
DOLLARS,  unless  otherwise  herein  stated.  All  articles  of  glass 
will  be  taken  at  shippers'  risk  only,  the  Company  refusing  to  be 
responsible  for  any  injury  by  breakage  or  otherwise." 

The  "American/'  "United  States,"  and  "Nation- 
al" Express  forms,  instead  of  saying  ''  Received  of, ^^ 

use  the  words  " has  delivered  to  us.''^     The 

American  Express  form  contains  the  annexed 
clause,  which  does  not  vary  materially  from  the 
above,  except  in  the  amount  of  Hability  assumed. 
They 

"  undertake  to  forward  to or  to 

our  agency  nearest  or  most  convenient  to  destination  only,  perils 
of  navigation  and  transportation  excepted;  and  it  is  hereby  ex- 
pressly AGREED,  and  IS  PART  OF  THE  CONSIDERATION  OF  THIS  CON- 
TRACT, that  the  said  AMERICAN  EXPRESS  COMPANY 
are  not  to  be  held  liable  for  any  loss  or  damage  except  as  For- 
warders only;  nor  for  any  loss  or  damage  of  any  box,  package  or 
thing  for  over  one  hundred  and  fifty  dollars,  unless  the  just 
and  true  value  thereof  is  herein  stated ;  nor  for  any  loss  or  dam- 
age by  fire ;  nor  upon  any  property  or  thing  unless  properly  packed 
and  secured  for  transportation;  nor  upon  fragile  fabrics;  nor  upon 
any  article  consisting  of  or  contained  in  glass. 

CONTENTS  UNKNOWN." 

And  such  are  the  forms  in  common  use.  If  the 
value  of  the  package  exceeds  the  sum  mentioned 
in  the  regular  printed  form,  the  company  is  willing 
to  assume  the  extra  liability,  but  the  amount  must 


122  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

be  written  in  the  receipt  by  the  company's  agent 
or  clerk,  at  the  time. 

In  case  the  article  receipted  for  is  a  money  par- 
cel, or  negotiable  paper,  its  envelope  should  be 
marked  with  its  value,  and  sealed  hy  the  person  in- 
trusting it  to  the  Express.  This  is  an  important 
precaution,  both  for  the  customer  and  the  company. 

Insurance  of  packages  is  sometimes  endorsed 
upon  the  receipt,  when  the  customer  orders  it  and 
pays  the  insurance  premium;  the  Express  Com- 
panies having  what  are  well  known  as  "  Open  Poli- 
cies" at  the  Insurance  Offices,  in  which  to  enter  the 
risks  so  assumed. 

Having  premised  thus  much,  to  show  the  nature 
and  extent  of  the  responsibility  assumed  by  the 
Express  Companies  in  behalf  of  their  customers, 
we  will  proceed  to  quote  a  few  trials  and  decisions, 
to  indicate  the  judicial  view  of  Express  Carriers' 
duties  and  liability: 

Russell  &  Annis  v.  Livingston  &  Wells. 

Where  a  package,  delivered  to  common  carriers  for  transportation 
along  their  route,  on  its  way  to  a  consignee  upon  a  lateral 
route  branching  off  from  that  of  the  carriers,  is  addressed  to 
the  care  of  the  agent  and  representative  of  the  carriers  at  the 
place  where  the  carriage  by  them  is  to  terminate,  such  address 
is  to  be  regarded  as  a  direction  to  have  the  package  stopped  at 
the  place  were  such  agent  is  in  charge  of  the  carriers'  business, 
and  does  not  import  that  upon  receiving  it  he  ceases  to  be  the 
agent  of  the  carriers  in  respect  to  its  custody  and  becomes  that 
of  the  consignee. 


FRAZIER,   MILLS   tc   CO., 

Successors  to  Conrad  &  Frazier, 

MANUFACTURERS  AND  WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL  DEALERS  IN 


iROBERlTS'  PATENT 


iS^.E^^M^Ni^^EI^^OHBE. 


SUPERIOK   I»i*LTENT 

mm  nRBTCHEi  leatbeii  seits. 

FRAZIER'S  PATENT  RAW-HIDE  BELT  CLASPS, 

Hides,  Leather   and  Findings,  Lace  Leathers,  French  and 
American  Calf-Skins, 

184  State  and  119  Front  Streets, 


Wm,  Frazier. 


G,  D.  Mills. 
122 


0.  H.  Whitmore. 


-titactmt lug  ©I) 


n 


HARTFORD,  CONN. 


ALBATA  GERMAN  SILVER 


AND 


iLif[i[a=^L^Tii)  wm 


SAMPLE  ROOM  IN   NEW  YORK, 

182  BROADWAY,  cor.  John  Street,  (up  stairs.) 


Ji/l  ^QinnuuilcatLQjTA  Jiaitlcl  /le.  acLcLi£.AAed 
ta  Mailfaldy  ^ana. 


E.  HURLBURT,  Pres.;  H.  E.  ROBBINS,  Sec;  J.  H.  ASHMEAD,  Treas. 

123 


EXPRESS      HISTORY.  123 

Appeal  from  the  Supreme  Court.  The  action 
was  brought  to  recover  the  value  of  a  package  of 
money  delivered  to  the  defendants,  as  common 
carriers,  to  be  carried  to  the  plaintiffs,  and  which 
was  lost.  Upon  the  trial  at  the  Ontario  circuit,  the 
plaintiffs  proved  the  delivery  at  Amsterdam,  by  the 
teller  of  the  Farmers^  Bank  of  Amsterdam,  to  a 
messenger  in  the  employment  of  the  deiendant:>, 
and  then  in  a  railroad  car  used  by  the  defendants 
for  the  transportation  of  packages  intrusted  to 
them,  of  a  package  of  money  containing  $981. 
The  package  was  marked  and  directed : 

"  Russell  &  Annis, 
"  Care  of  Dawley,  *'  Port  Gibson. 

*' Express  Agent,  Vienna.— $981.' 

and  was  so  directed  in  pursuance  of  the  order  of 
the  plaintiffs.  It  was  proved  that  the  defendants' 
business  was  carried  on  along  the  line  of  the  Cen- 
tral Railroad  from  Albany  to  Buffalo,  and  that  they 
had  agents  and  kept  offices  in  the  cities  and  princi- 
pal villages  along  the  line  of  the  railroad,  solely 
for  their  Express  business.  The  agent  at  Canan- 
daigua  was  a  witness  for  the  plaintiffs,  and  testified 
that  he  was  in  the  habit  of  receiving  packages  at 
the  cars;  if  the  place  of  destination  was  on  a  side 
route,  off'  from  the  railroad,  he  kept  them  till  they 
were  called  for;  if  directed  to  persons  in  his  village 
he  delivered  them  personally;  he  had  an  iron  safe 
to  keep  them  in,  which  was  the  joint  property  of 
himself  and  the  defendants;  he  frequently  received 
Express  packages  addressed  to  consignees  oft'  the 
railroad,  and  further  addressed  to  his  care  as  "Ex- 
press agent,"  and  that  he  treated  and  delivered 
them,  as  he  did  all  other  r)acka2:es,  as  before  men- 


124  EXPRESS      HISTORY. 

tioned.  Dawley,  the  defendants'  agent  at  Vienna, 
was  also  a  witness  for  the  plaintiffs.  He  proved 
the  receipt  of  the  packages  in  question  by  him; 
the  package  was  kept  over  night,  in  his  office,  in  an 
iron  safe  belonging  to  the  defendants.  He  cor- 
roborated the  testimony  of  the  agent  at  Canandai- 
gua  as  to  the  defendants'  mode  of  doing  their  busi- 
ness. He  further  testified  that  he  was  in  the  habit 
of  sending  packages  to  Port  Gibson,  which  is  off 
the  line  of  the  railroad,  by  a  stage  line;  the  pack- 
age in  question  was  sent  in  that  manner  the  next 
morning  after  it  arrived  at  Vienna,  and  was  lost. 

The  defendants'  counsel  asked  the  court  to  non- 
suit the  plaintiffs,  on  the  gi'ound  that,  from  the  evi- 
dence, the  duty  of  the  defendants  was  to  carry  the 
package  to  Vienna  and  there  deliver  it  to  Dawley, 
and,  having  done  that,  their  liability  was  at  an  end. 
The  judge  decided  that  the  defendants  were  to  be 
held  as  common  carriers  from  Amsterdam  to  Vien- 
na, but  not  from  Amsterdam  to  Port  Gibson;  and 
that  the  evidence  established  that  Dawley  was  the 
agent  of  the  plaintiffs  to  receive  from  the  defend- 
ants the  package  in  question  at  Vienna,  and  that 
it  was  delivered  by  the  defendants  to  him,  and  held 
by  him,  as  such  agent,  for  which  reasons  the  defend- 
ants were  not  Hable.  He  directed  a  nonsuit,  and 
the  plaintiffs  took  exceptions.  The  judgment 
thereupon  entered  for  the  defendants  was  on  ap- 
peal affirmed  by  the  Supreme  Court,  at  general 
term  in  the  seventh  district,  and  the  plaintiffs  ap- 
pealed to  this  court. 

Henry  R  Selden,  for  the  appellants. 

Cambridge  Livingston,  for  the  respondents. 

Johnson,  Ch.  J.     The  plaintiffs  were  nonsuited 


^s©  ^r^^ 


HOTEL, 


B"S- 


iiStl^M     111 

Mem  I'Wft  '^Sr '*!>     mmm 


mmiM 


liWf  \&i,ai 


'M'^mi^wi 


No.    26    State    Street, 


&/z/LQAlte  the  c^'late  JSniACj 


124 


ROGERS  BROTHERS  MT6  CO. 

Manufacturers  of  Superior  Quality  of 

SILVER'PLATED  WARE 

IN  GREAT  VARIETY, 

HARTFORD,    Conn. 


No.    17  MAIDEN  LANE,  New  York. 
145  WASHINGTON  ST.,  Boston. 


SAMPLE    ROOMS,  I  ^^"^    "'  — —  ^.-...^, 


IN  OUR  ASSORTMENT  MAY  BE  FOUND 

Spoons;  Forks;  Ladles;  Fish  Carvers  and  Forks;  Knives  tor  Pic,  (Jake, 
Fish,  Ice  Cream,  Pudding   and   Crumb;    Aspara<^us    and   Ice  Tongs; 
Dining  and  Dessert  Knives,  in  variety;   Napkin  Rings;  Knife  Rests; 
Call  Bells;  Card  Baskets;  Cups;  Goblets;  Spoon  Cups;  Egg  Cups; 
Toast  Racks;    Salt   Cellars;    Mustard    Cups;  Sugar   Baskets; 
Butter  Coolers  ;    Butter   Boats;  Gravy  Tureens;   Berry  or    * 
Preserve  Dishes;   Syrup  Cups;   Bouquet  Yases;    Casters; 
Cake  Baskets;  Fruit  Stands;  Ice  Bowls;  Pickle  and  Pre- 
serve Stands;  Wine  Stands;  Communion  Ware;  Soup 
and  Oyster  Tureens;  Vegetable  and  Steak  Dishes; 
Entree  Dishes  ;    Dish  Covers  ;    Wine   Coolers; 
Pitchers;    Ice  Urns  and  Pitchers;    Tea  Sets; 
Urns;  Kettles;  Waiters,  <fec.;   with  all  else 
necessary  to  make  a  complete  assortment. 


All  orders  for  Goods  should  be  addressed  to  the  Factory  at  Hartford, 
Conn. 

Catalogue  and  Price  List  furnished  to  customers  only. 

125 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  125 

at  the  trial,  upon  the  ground  that  the  evidence  es- 
tablished that  Dawley  was  their  agent  to  receive 
the  package  in  question  at  Vienna,  and  that  it  was 
delivered  by  the  defendants  to  him,  and  received 
mid  held  by  him  as  the  plaintiffs'  agent. 

The  testimony  of  defendants'  agent  at  Canan- 
daigua  showed  that  the  practice  at  his  agency  was 
to  retain  packages  addressed  to  persons  and  pla- 
ces not  on  the  direct  line  of  the  Express  routes, 
antil  they  were  called  for,  or  written  directions 
were  received  from  the  consignee;  and  that  pack- 
ages so  directed,  and  further  addressed  to  his  care 
as  "  Express  agent,"  were  dealt  with  in  the  same 
manner.  Dawley,  the  agent  at  Vienna,  likewise 
stated  that  he  treated  and  delivered  packages  ad- 
dressed to  consignees  off  the  line  of  the  railroad, 
and  to  his  care  as  "Express  agent,"  in  the  same 
way  as  he  did  all  other  Express  packages.  He  also 
stated  that  he  had  heard  the  testimony  of  the  Ca- 
nandaigua  agent,  and  agreed  with  him  as  to  the  de- 
fendants' mode  of  doing  their  business.  So  far  as 
his  recollection  served  him  to  specify  cases  in  which 
he  had  such  packages  addressed  to  persons  off  the 
direct  line,  he  had  received  specific  instructions  from 
the  consignees;  but  in  one  case  he  thought  he  had 
sent  a  package  to  persons  whom  he  named,  and  could 
not  say  whether  or  not  they  had  given  him  any  in- 
structions. It  is  manifest,  therefore,  that  the  ruling 
at  the  trial  was  based  upon  the  legal  effect  of  the  di- 
rection upon  the  package;  for  all  the  other  evidence 
in  the  case  tended  to  show  that,  according  to  the 
usual  course  of  the  defendants'  business,  what  Daw- 
ley did  at  Vienna  with  this  package  was  done  as 
the  agent  of  the  defendants  and  not  of  the  plaintiffs. 

Ordinarily,  the  address  of  a  package  to  the  care 

14 


126  EXPRESS      HISTORY. 

of  any  one  is  an  authority  to  the  carrier  to  deliver 
it  to  such  person;  but  when  the  person  to  whom  it 
is  thus  addressed  is  the  agent  and  principal  repre- 
sentative of  the  carrier  himself,  at  the  point  where 
the  carriage  is  to  terminate,  it  may  be  regarded  as 
a  mere  expansion  of  the  ordinary  direction  to  have 
it  stopped  at  the  place  on  the  route  where  that 
agent  is  in  charge  of  the  business.  It  should  be  so 
regarded;  for  there  is  no  probable  reason  why  a 
person  sending  a  package  should  be  supposed  to 
choose  to  terminate  the  carrier's  responsibility  and 
substitute  that  of  the  carrier's  agent,  when  by  such 
change  no  new  duty  would  be  created,  and  the 
package  would  be  dealt  with  in  either  case  by  the 
same  person  and  in  the  same  way.  The  only  ob- 
ject in  giving  such  a  direction  which  could  be  sup- 
posed would  be  to  change  the  responsibility  from 
the  carrier  to  the  agent  appointed  by  the  carrier; 
and  as  such  a  change  would  usually  impair  the  se- 
curity of  the  owner,  as  he  must  be  taken  generally 
to  know  more  about  the  carrier  whom  he  employs 
than  about  the  carrier's  agent,  of  whom  he  will  com- 
monly know  only  the  name,  it  would  be  acting 
against  the  natural  presumptions  which  arise  from 
the  situation  of  the  parties  to  attribute  to  the  owner 
such  an  intention. 

It  was  therefore  erroneous  to  hold  as  matter  of 
law  that  Dawley  received  the  package  as  the  plaint- 
iffs agent,  and  there  must  be  a  new  trial. 

Selden,  J.,  expressed  no  opinion.  All  the  other 
judges  concurred,  intending,  however,  to  exclude 
any  implication  that  the  defendants  were  under  an 
obligation  to  transport  the  package  to  Newark. 

Judgment  reversed  and  new  trial  ordered. 


The  oldest  Establishment  in  the  United  States  engaged  in  this  business, 

which  was  commenced  by  Normand  Smith,  August,  1794.     We 

still  manufacture  and  keep  constantly  on  hand,  and 

make  to  order,  a  larire  assortment   of 


O" 


Riding  Saddles,  comprising: 

English  and  American  Styles  of  Gent's  Saddles, 
Spanish  and  Mexican        "  V 

Side  Saddles, 

Boys'  and  Misses'  Saddles,  and  Saddles  adapted  to  every  market  in 
the  World. 

Riding  Bridles  and  Martingales,  Surcingles,  Girths,  Halters,  Saddle-bags, 
Fancy  Enameled  Bridles,  Housings  and  Bridle  Fronts. 

Harnesses  of  all  kinds,  such  as  Stage,  Double  and  Single  Buggy,  Ex- 
press, Coach,  Hack,  Gig,  Team,  Cart,  Georgia  Wagon,  and  Farmers' 
Wagon  Harness. 

Horse  Collars  in  great  variety,  such  as  Case,  Short  Straw,  Long  Straw, 
Wool  for  Coach,  Gig  or  Buggy,  Stage,  Team,  Cart  or  Wagon;  also, 
Plantation  Collars  of  all  kinds. 


ALSO,  DEALERS  IN 

Whips,  Bitts,  Stirrups,  Harness  Leather,  Bridle  Leather,  both  russet  and 

black;  Patent  Leather,  Enameled  Leather,  black  and  fancy  colors, 

with   a  general  assortment  of  Saddlery  Hardware, 

SMITH,  BOURN  &  CO., 

142  and  144  Asylum  St.,  Hartford,  Conn. 

126 


f30.  ^30. 

MOORE'S 

THIRTY  DOLLAR  DOUBLE  LOCK  STITCH 


SECURED  BY  RECENT  LETTERS  PATENT. 


'SM  laAsassi'  M.mm  wHii^  i§isg®. 


The  introduction  of  this  most  beautiful  and  eminently  practical  Machine  will  bring  joy  and  glad- 
ness to  the  hearts  of  thousands  of  our  countrywomen  throughout  the  land.  It  is  pronounced  by  the 
best  judges  to  be  the  most  simple,  practicai.,  and  durablk  Machine  now  before  the  public,  and  the  mo.'st 
desirable  for  family  use,  being  rgmarlg  and  accurate  on  ai.i.  ki.nps  of  work,  u.siug  any  size  and  kind  of 
tlireadfroni  No.  8to  200.  It  will  sew,  with  equal  facility,  the  TiiiCKEST  and  tuixxest" goods  used  in  a 
family.     We  enumerate  a  few  of  its  superior  advantages. 

1st. — It  makes  the  strongest,  most  klastic,  and  durable  stitch  of  any  Sewing  Machine  yet  made. 

2d — It  has  the  best  and  mo.st  reliable  feed  ever  constructed,  and  does  not  break  needles. 

od. — It  sews  from  two  common  spools,  without  rk-wixdixg,  and  sews  perfectly  with  linen,  silk, 
or  cotton  thread,  on  all  kinds  of  goods. 

4th. — It  U.SIS  NO  OIL  ox  TOP,  thus  preventing  the  damaging  of  goods. 

5th. — It  runs  with  great  ease  and  very  quietly. 

fith. — It  can  be  understood  and  operated  with  vert  little  instruction. 

7th. — In  beauty  of  design  and  perfect  mechanism  it  cannot  be  excelled. 

Sth. — It  combines  durability,  simplicitj',  and  practicability,  to  a  greater  degree  than  any  other 
Machine  extant. 

9th  —It  is  sold  for  the  low  price  of  THIRTY  DOLL.\RS. 

The  rights  for  a  few  tjtates  and  Counties  may  be  secured  upon  early  application.  Our  terms  are 
very  reasonable.     An  energetic  man  can  soon  realize  a  fortune. 

AGENTS'  WANTED  in  every  Town  and  County  in  unsold  Territory,  to  whom  we'offer  very  liberal 
inducements.     The  Machines  sell  rapidly,  and  give  universal  satisfaction. 

We  will  send  a  Machine  securely  boxed,  in  complete  order  for  immediate  use,  to  any  address,  upon 
receipt  of  THIRTY  DOLLARS. 

Please  send  for  a  descriptive  Circular  and  samples  of  Sewing.     Address 

H.  C,  BURTMAN,  Sole  and  Exclusive  Agent  for  the  United  States, 

92  WEST  FOURTH  ST.,  CINCINNATI,  O., 


p.  S.     Every  Machine  is  fully  warranted! 


127 


Opposite  the  Post  Office. 


EXPRESS      HISTORY.  127 

HoLFORD  V.  Adams  and  others. 

The  defendants,  an  Express  Company,  received  from  the  agents  of 
the  plaintiff,  at  New  Orleans,  a  package  valued  at  $40,000,  to 
be  transported  and  delivered  to  the  plaintiff  at  New  York. 
By  the  terms  of  the  receipt  given  for  the  package,  the  defend- 
ants were  not  to  be  responsible  for  any  loss  or  damage  not 
arising  from  their  own  fraud  or  gross  negligence,  or  that  of  their 
servants;  and  it  was  proved  that  there  was  the  same  care  in 
the  transportation  of  all  articles  without  regard  to  their  value. 
When  the  package  arrived  at  New  York,  the  defendants  refus- 
ed to  deliver  it  to  the  plaintiff,  unless  upon  the  payment  of  $400, 
being  1  per  cent,  upon  its  estimated  value. 

Heldy  that,  under  these  circumstances,  there  was  no  reason  for 
enhancing  the  charge  for  transportation  in  proportion  to  the 
value  of  the  articles  transported,  and  that  the  charge  made  was 
therefore,  prirtm  facie,  unreasonable  and  extravagant. 

Hdd,  also,  that  the  charge  was  not  justified  by  usage,  the  usage 
proved  not  being  general,  but  that  of  the  defendants  alone,  and 
there  being  no  proof  that  it  was  known  to  the  plaintiff  or  his 
agents. 

(Before  Oakley,  Ch.  J.,  and  Emmet,  J.) 
November  11;  December  10,  1863. 

Appeal  by  plaintiff  from  a  judgment,  at  special 
term,  upon  exceptions  taken  at  the  trial. 

The  action  was  for  the  delivery  of  personal  prop- 
erty, with  damages  for  its  detention. 

The  complaint  charged  that  Robb  &  Co.,  agents 
of  the  plaintiff  at  New  Orleans,  on  the  11th  of  De- 
cember, 1851,  delivered  to  the  defendants,  trans- 
acting business  under  the  name  of  Adams  k  Co., 
a  package  containing  Arkansas  bonds  of  $1,000 
each,  with  coupons  attached,  belonging  to  the  pliant- 
iff,  to  be  transported  by  the  defendants,  by  steam- 
er from  New  Orleans  to  the  City  of  New  York. 


128  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

and  there  to  be  delivered  to  the  plaintiff  for  a  rea- 
sonable consideration,  to  be  paid  by  him  to  the  de- 
fendants. That  when  the  package  was  so  delivered 
the  agent  of  the  defendants,  at  New  Orleans,  signed 
and  delivered  a  receipt  therefor,  by  which  it  was 
stipulated  that  the  defendants  should  not  be  respon- 
sible for  any  loss  or  damage  arising  from  the  dan- 
gers of  the  sea,  steam  or  river  navigation,  or  from 
any  cause  whatever,  unless  the  same  should  be 
proved  to  have  occurred  from  the  fraud  or  gross 
negligence  of  the  defendants,  their  servants  or 
agents. 

The  complaint  then  averred  that  the  defendants 
had  transported  the  package  to  New  York;  that  he, 
the  plaintiff,  had  tendered  to  them  a  reasonable 
sum  as  a  compensation  for  transporting  it,  and  had 
demanded  its  dehvery;  but  that  they  had  refused 
to  deliver  and  still  retained  it:  and  then  demanded 
judgment  in  the  usual  form. 

The  defendants,  in  their  answer,  denied  that  the 
package  containing  the  bonds  was  delivered  to  them, 
to  be  transported  to  New  York,  and  there  delivered 
to  the  plaintiff  for  a  reasonable  consideration.  They 
denied  that  any  receipt  was  signed  or  given,  as 
alleged  in  the  complaint;  and  that  the  plaintiff  had 
offered  to  pay  to  them  a  reasonable  sum  as  a  com- 
pensation for  transporting  the  package. 

They  averred  that  when  the  package  was  deliver- 
ed to  them  at  New  Orleans,  Robb  &  Co.  expressly 
stated  that  the  bonds  which  it  contained  were  of 
the  value  of  $40,000;  and  that  it  was  then  express- 
ly understood  and  agreed  between  them  and  Robb 
&  Co.,  that,  in  consideration  of  their  taking  charge 
of,  transporting,  and  delivering  the  package,  the 
plaintiff  would  pay  to  them,  upon  its  dehvery  to 


W.  S.  DICKIJ^SOJ*, 

No.  19  East  4tli  Street, 

Between  Main  and  Sycamore  Sts.,  OISOZB&AVIp  Oa 


Wholesale  and  Retail  Dealer  in  and  Manafactnrer  of 

SPRINMAIil,  MOSS,  COlIQHi  HUSK  MAITBES, 

ALSO 


OP  EVERY  KIND, 

Gilt,  Oil,  Dry,  Landscape,  <fec.,  on  hand,  or  large  Shades  for 
Churches  and  Offices  or  Stores  made  to  order.    I  also 
have  fine  stocks  of  Comforts,  Blankets,  Counter- 
panes, Sheets,  Towels,  Table  Linen  and 
Napkins,  Damask  and    Muslin 
Curtains,  Gilt  Cornices, 
Tassels,  Cords,  &c. 

FLAGS  MADE  TO  ORDER  OF  ANY  SIZE. 

All  of  the  above-named  goods,  with  great  many  other  articles  not 

mentioned,  for  sale  very  low,  to  which  I  would  call  the 

attention  of  Housekeepers,  Hotel  Proprietors, 

and  others  in  want  of  such  goods. 

Orders  from  a  distance  promptly  executed. 

128 


JAMES  POSTER,  Jr.,  &  CO., 

S.  W.  corner  Race  and  Fifth  Streets. 


MANtJFAOTURERS    AND    IMPORTEltS    OF 

Paljma&al,  |ljiIos(ip|«aI  ^  #pl«al  Instruments, 


ISjS'Z'ua^IlSXLiXSIZZXSX)    3.836. 


HAVE  ON  BAND  FOR  SALE  A  COMPLETE  ASSORTMENT  OF 

APPARATUS  FOR  ILLUSTRATING  THE  SCIENCE  OF  PNEU- 
MATICS, ELECTRICITY,   CHEMISTRY,  HYDROSTATICS, 
HYDRAULICS,   STEAM,    MAGNETICS,    ACOUSTICS, 
OPTICS,  MECHANICS,   METEOROLOGY, 
ASTRONOMY.  &c. 

ENGINEERS'  AND  SURVEYORS'  INSTRUMENTS 

For  field  use  or  instruction,  always  on  band. 

Particular  attention  paid  to  making  and  adjusting  Hydrometers  for 
measuring  the  strength  of  Whis-key,  Alcohol,  and  apparatus  for  guaging 
tbe  contents  of  barrels;  also, 

OlSTILLERi'  T}4Eiil®ilETiii, 

And  Thermometers  of  all  kinds,  at  wholesale  and  retail. 

fflCTAaiS  ®F  ALL  DMB& 

At  wholesale  and  retail.     Their  well-known  reputation  in  this  branch  of 
their  business  gives  assurance  that  it  will  receive  special  attention. 

Will  always  be  found  at  their  establishment,  of  warranted  quality. 
JAMES  FOSTER,  Jr.  HENRY  TWITCHELL. 

129 


EXPRESS      HISTORY.  129 

him  in  New  York,  one  per  cent,  upon  the  value  of 
the  bonds,  as  represented  and  fixed.  They  then 
insisted  that  they  were  entitled  to  retain  the  posses- 
sion of  the  bonds  until  this  sum,  amounting  to  $400, 
should  be  paid,  which  they  averred  was  no  more 
than  a  reasonable  and  usual  compensation  for  the 
transportation  of  similar  packages.  The  reply  took 
issue  upon  the  new  allegations  in  the  answer. 

The  cause  was  tried  before  Paine,  J.,  and  a  jury, 
in  December,  1862.  Upon  the  trial,  the  counsel 
for  the  plaintiff  read  the  following  stipulation: 

"  Whereas  this  suit  has  been  commenced  by  the 
plaintiff  to  recover  the  possession  of  certain  bonds 
and  coupons  in  the  complaint  described,  and  dam- 
ages for  the  detention  thereof,  and  the  defendants 
claiming  a  lien  on  said  bonds  and  coupons,  and  a 
right  to  detain  the  same,  for  their  labor  and  ser- 
vices in  the  transportation  thereof,  from  New  Or- 
leans to  the  City  of  New  York; 

"And  whereas  the  defendants  have  surrendered 
up  to  the  plaintiff  the  possession  of  said  bonds  and 
coupons  under  the  agreement  hereinafter  set  forth; 

"Now  it  is  stipulated  and  agreed  between  the 
attorneys  for  the  respective  parties,  that,  upon  the 
trial  of  this  action,  the  jury  shall  assess  the  amount 
to  which  the  defendants  are  entitled  for  such  labor 
and  service;  and  that  in  case  the  amount  so  as- 
sessed shall  exceed  the  amount  heretofore  tendered 
by  the  plaintiff,  namely,  twenty  dollars,  the  defend- 
ants shall  be  entitled  to  judgment  with  costs,  and 
the  plaintiff  shall,  upon  demand,  pay  to  the  defend- 
ants such  judgment,  and  the  costs  and  extra  allow- 
ance of  this  suit,  or  return  such  bonds  and  coupons 
to  the  defendants,  to  be  held  by  them  as  a  security 
for  the  payment  thereof,  in  the  same  manner,  and 


130  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

with  the  same  right  of  lien,  as  though  they  had 
never  parted  with  the  possession  thereof. 

"Dated,  New  York,  April  3d,  1852. 

*'  Tucker  &  Crapo, 

"Att'ysPltff. 

**E.  H.  Owen, 

''  Defts.  Att>." 

The  counsel  for  the  plaintiff  then  rested  his  case. 

It  was  then  admitted  by  the  counsel  for  the  de- 
fendants, that  a  receipt  for  the  package  had  been 
given  by  their  agent  at  New  Orleans,  which  cor- 
responded in  its  terms  with  the  statement  in  the 
complaint. 

The  counsel  for  the  plaintiff  then  admitted,  that 
on  the  outside  of  the  envelope  which  contained  the 
bonds  was  endorsed  the  words  and  figures  "  James 
Holford,  Esq.,  49  William  Street,  New  York — value 
$40,000." 

The  counsel  for  the  defendants  then  called 
A,  L.  Stimson,  who,  being  sworn,  testified  as  fol- 
lows: I  am  an  expressman  in  Adams  &  Co.'s  office; 
I  have  been  there  about  three  years;  I  am  in  the 
New  Orleans  department;  I  have  charge  of  it;  the 
business  of  Adams  &  Co.  consists  in  transporting 
parcels  and  freight  to  most  parts  of  the  country, 
and  also  to  California;  they  also  transport  valuable 
packages,  which  compensates  for  the  small  amounts 
they  receive  for  the  carriage  of  articles  of  small 
intrinsic  value;  in  the  transportation  of  parcels,  the 
valuable  parcels  compensate  for  transporting  less 
valuable  packages,  and  enable  Adams  &  Co.  to 
transport  the  less  valuable  packages  cheaper  than 


C.  S.  IIIAL.TBT, 


T)EALER    IN 


riESH,  iPioEi  m§  mvE 


\/  'S  O  M 


No.  11  WEST  FIFTH  STREET, 


SOUTH  SIDE,  FOUR  DOORS  FROIVI  mAIl¥, 


CINCINNATI,  Ohio. 


ROBERT  ORR,  Agrent. 

130 


JOHN  D.   PARK 


(EstabUahed  in  1841,) 
WHOLKSALK    DEALKR  IN 


PATEiT  lEilC 


^ 


DRUGGISTS'  AETICLES,  FANCY  GOODS, 
Pomades,  Bair  Oils,  Hair  Dyes, 

mm,  MUSHES,  soaps,  perfumery,  cutlery, 

PORT  MONNAIES,  PURSES,  POCKET  BOOKS, 

Cigar  Cases,  Tobacco  Boxes,  Shaving  Boxes,  Variety  Goods,  Card  Cases, 

Tablets,  Hand  Mirrors,  Shawl  Pius,   Belts,    Steel   Pods,  Tweezers, 

Key  Rings,  Cosmetics,  Colognes,  Toilet  Articles,  Playing  Cards, 

Violin  Strings,  Coral  Necklaces,  Beads,  Dolls,  Hair  Pins, 

Garters,  Fans,  &c.,  &c. 

N.  E.  CORNER  FOURTH  AND  WALNUT  STREETS. 


iiEiiiii  Wins  ill 

PREPARED  BY  JOHN  D.  PARK, 
Cincinnati,,  Ohio. 

SPARKLING  CATAWBA, 

(Quarts  and  Pints.)    The  rival  of  French  Champagne. 

STILL  CATAWBA, 

Corresponding  to  German  Hock  Wines. 

CATAWBA  BRANDY, 

Distilled  from  Catawba  Wine.    Strictly  pure;  for  medicinal  purposes  unrivaled. 


19    v&Mi»iAwaiw  aiOiaiaA  Na^9    su/iiiiMi;j'o 

Alcohol,  76,  92,  and  98;  Cologne  Spirits;  Neutral  Spirits;  Camphene ; 
Burning  Fluid;  Coal  Oil;  Linseed  Oil;  Lard  Oil. 

JOHN  D.  PARK, 

N.  E.  Corner  of  Fourth  and  "Walnut  Streets, 
131 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  131 

they  otherwise  would;  we  have  agencies  at  the  prin- 
cipal points  of  the  Union. 

Being  asked  by  the  defendants'  counsel  what 
was  the  usual  compensation  of  Adams  &  Co.  for 
receiving  at  New  Orleans,  and  for  transporting  and 
dehvering  in  New  York,  packages  of  value;  the 
question  was  objected  to  by  the  plaintiff's  counsel, 
which  objection  was  overruled  by  the  judge;  to 
which  decision  of  the  judge  the  plaintiff's  counsel 
excepted.  The  witness  answered,  One  per  cent, 
on  the  value  of  the  package. 

Counsel  for  the  defendants  then  asked  the  witness: 

What  is  the  usual  charge  of  other  expressmen 
and  carriers,  for  transporting  packages  of  value 
from  New  Orleans  to  New  York  ? 

To  which  question  the  plaintiff's  counsel  objected, 
which  objection  was  overruled;  to  which  decision 
of  the  judge  the  plaintiff's  counsel  objected. 

The  witness  then  answered,  One  per  cent,  on  the 
value — that  is  the  usual  charge  of  Adams  k  Co. ;  it 
is  my  impression  that  the  steamships  charged  at 
the  same  rate;  it  is  invariably  our  customary  charge; 
we  make  special  bargains  with  people  sometimes. 

Being  cross-examined  by  the  plaintiff's  counsel, 
the  witness  testified: 

There  are  about  sixty  Express  offices  in  the  city 
of  New  York;  this  number  includes  all  sorts — the 
local  expresses  as  well  as  the  large  ones;  I  never 
was  employed  in  the  express  business  before  I  en- 
gaged with  Adams  &  Co.;  I  have  never  known 
Adams  &  Co.  to  transport  Arkansas  bonds  before; 
I  don't  remember  their  transporting  any  bonds  ex- 
cept some  Texas  bonds;  I  can't  say  whether  thejr 
did  or  not;  I  don't  remember  any  other  bonds  than 
the  Texas  and  Arkansas  bonds. 


132  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

Being  asked  by  plaintiff 's  counsel  what  articles 
of  value  the  defendants  have  forwarded,  he  says: 

I  cannot  name  any  articles  of  value  particularly; 
I  cannot  name  a  single  parcel;  I  remember  a  parcel 
of  gold  dust  worth  $1,000. 

Being  again  examined  hi  the  direct,  the  witness 
said: 

Packages,  when  brought  to  us  to  be  forwarded, 
are  usually  sealed;  we  rely  as  to  the  value  of  the 
package  on  the  declaration  of  the  party  employing 
us;  sometimes  he  don't  declare  its  value;  we  then 
let  it  go  as  a  common  parcel;  the  charge  on  these 
bonds  as  a  common  parcel  would  have  been  $1,50; 
there  is  no  diff'erence  between  parcels  of  valuable 
goods  and  common  articles  in  the  care  we  take  of 
them;  we  charge  one  per  cent,  on  the  value  over  a 
certain  amount;  1  remember  the  bill  of  this  parcel; 
when  this  package  was  I'eceived  it  was  sealed;  we 
always  ask  as  to  the  contents. 

Being  again  cross-examined,  the  witness  testified: 
w<i:We  did  not  insure  this  parcel;  I  remember  for- 
warding gold  dust;  they  sometimes  transport  goods 
for  jewelers,  and  we  generally  make  a  bargain  with 
them  as  to  compensation. 

In  answer  to  a  question  of  the  judge,  the  witness 
said,  The  receipt  produced  is  in  the  common  form 
of  the  receipts  we  give. 

In  answer  to  a  question  from  one  of  the  jury,  the 
witness  said,  I  do  not  remember  that  we  ever  car- 
ried anything  for  Robb  or  Holford  except  this  one 
package. 

The  defendants'  counsel  then  called 

William  McGill,  who,  being  sworn,  testified:  I 
am  an  expressman  in  the  employ  of  Adams  &  Co.; 
have  been  with  them  twelve  months  last  May ;  they 


APPLEQATE  Sc  CO., 

PRINTERS    AND    PUBLISHERS 

— OF — 

Clarke's  Commentary,  Dick's  Complete  Works,  RoUin's  Ancient  Historj,  Plaiarch't 
Lires,  Spectator,  Tatler  and  Guardian,  Mosheim's  Church  History,  Josephas, 
Gathered  Treasures  from  the  Mines  of  Literature,  Dick's  Theology,  Chain  of 
Sacred  Wonders,  Complete  Works  of  Lorenzo  Dow,  Farmer's  Hand 
Book,  Shakspeare,  Soden's  German  Grammar,  Peterson's  Familiar 
Science,  Speeches  of  Hon.  Thomas  F.  Marshall,  Life  of  Dr. 
Daniel  Drake,  Guizot's  History  of  the  Decline  and  Fall 
of  the  Roman  Empire,  Gibbon's  History  of  the  De- 
cline and  Fall  of  the  Roman  Empire,  Nightin- 
gale, Unirersal  Musician,  &c.,  &o.,  &c.,  Ac. 

— ALSO,  JUST   PUBLISHED — 

WBBB'S  F&BBBASOB'S  BtOBITOB, 

The  Bent  masonic  Book  extant. 

— DEALERS  IN — 

iUmdimmm  antr  Sc\)ooi  Boohs, 

Books  on  Theology,  llledicloe,  Law,  nechanlci,  Agrlcnltorei  Hbtoryi 
Travels,  Tales,  Memoirs,  PhOosophy,  lie*,  lie* 


IfANUFACTURERS  AND  DEALERS  IN 


ffU/V/r  BOOKS  OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION, 

With  or  without  Printed  Keadin^a. 

^x^wmm  Off  iitt  wxkU,  %tx\tx,  ^n  »»*  i^t^  iapw# 

Bnrelopes,  l^rapping  Paper,  Bonnet  Boards,  Ink,  4cc*t  4e«* 


PUBLISHERS,  PRINTERS,  STEREOTTPERS  AND  BINDERS, 
No.  43  Main  Street,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

Our  facilities  for  Pablishing,  Printing  and  Stereotyping  Now  Works,  are  unexccll' 
ed  by  any  House  at  the  East  or  West  Authors  are  referred  to  our  Tarious  Publiia- 
tions  as  samples  of  our  style. 

Booksellers  and  Dealers  are  invited  to  call  and  examine  our  Stock.  We  are  con- 
stantly enlarging  our  facilities,  for  supplying  our  customers  in  all  the  Tarioas  art!-* 
cles  pertaining  to  the  GENERAL  BOOKSELLING  AND  STATIONERY  TRADE. 
Those  who  purchase  from  us  will  have  the  advantage  of  selecting  from  the  largest 
and  best  assorted  Stock  in  the  West. 

132 


DRUGGISTS  AND  GODNTRV  MBRGHilNTS. 


We  ofifer  at  the  very  lowest  prices,  to  cash  or  prompt  short  time  buyers,  an 
excellent  assortment  of  everything  in  our  line,  consisting  in  part  of 

MiBCtliantonB  atib  Bcljool  BooUb, 

BUNK  BOOKS,  WRITIWC  PAPERS, 


All  of  which  have  heen  selected  with  special  reference  to  the  wants  of  the 

WEST  AND   SOUTH-WEST. 


ANDERSON,  GATES  &  WRIGHT, 

WHOLESALE 

lOiiiiLiiS.  Sfifi' 


AND 


BLANK  BOOK  MANUFACTURERS, 

No.  113  Main  Street, 

East  side,  let.  Third  ami  Fourth  Sts.,  lBII6IiiiTI|  Qi 


!•  Agents  wishing  to  sell  our  BooIls  by  subscription^  we  offer 
liberal  inducements! 

133 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  133 

are  at  59  Broadway;  I  am  employed  in  the  Califor- 
nia department,  in  the  general  department.  Being 
asked  what  is  the  usual  rate  of  charge  of  Adams 
k  Co.  for  valuable  articles  from  New  Orleans  to 
New^  York,  the  plaintiff''s  counsel  objected  to  the 
question,  which  objection  was  overruled  by  the 
court;  to  which  decision  the  plaintiff's  counsel  exr 
cepted.     The  witness  then  answered,  One  per  cent. 

Being  cross-examined  by  the  plaintiff's  counsel, 
the  witness  testified: 

That  he  had  never  been  in  the  express  business 
excepting  in  the  employ  of  the  defendants. 

The  plaintiff's  counsel  then  offered  to  show  that 
the  bonds,  to  recover  which  this  action  is  brought, 
were  actually  bought  by  the  plaintiff  in  December, 
1851,  for  $26,000. 

To  which  offer  the  defendants'  counsel  objectedy 
which  objection  was  sustained  by  the  court;  to 
which  decision  the  plaintiff's  counsel  excepted. 

The  cause  was  then  summed  up  by  the  counsel 
for  defendants  and  plaintiff. 

Whereupon  the  judge  charged  the  jury,  That  if 
they  believed,  from  the  evidence,  that  the  custom- 
ary charge  by  express  offices  was  one  per  cent,  on 
valuable  articles  from  New  Orleans  to  New  York, 
they  should  find  for  the  defendants  to  that  amount 
on  the  value  of  the  package,  as  the  same  was  mark- 
ed on  the  package,  and  declared  to  the  agent  in 
New  Orleans  when  the  receipt  was  taken.  That 
with  regard  to  the  value,  the  sum  of  $40,000,  de- 
clared to  the  agent  in  New  Orleans,  and  marked  on 
the  package,  and  inserted  in  the  receipt,  was  to  bd 
taken  as  the  value. 

That  if  the  jury  should  think  that  the  $20  tender- 
ed by  the  plaintiff  was,  under  th    evidence,  enough 


134  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

for  bringing  this  package,  they  would  find  for  the 
plaintiff. 

If  not,  they  would  find  for  defendants  what  they 
thought  a  proper  compensation. 

To  this  charge  of  the  judge,  and  to  each  and 
every  part  thereof,  the  counsel  for  the  plaintiff 
excepted. 

Whereupon  the  jury  found  a  verdict  of  $425  for 
the  defendants. 

jT.  Tucker,  for  the  plaintiff,  now  insisted  that  the 
judgment  entered  upon  the  verdict  ought  to  be  re- 
versed, the  verdict  set  aside,  and  a  new  trial  order- 
ed, and  rested  his  argument  upon  the  following 
points  and  authorities: 

I.  The  plaintiff  had  a  right  to  the  possession  of 
the  bonds  in  question,  upon  tendering  to  the  de- 
fendants the  sum  of  $20.  1.  The  evidence  does 
not  present  any  facts  from  which  the  plaintiff  can 
claim  compensation  for  more  than  a  common  par- 
Gel.  2.  It  appears,  from  the  receipt  given  by  the 
defendants,  that  they  were  not  responsible  for  any 
risk,  excepting  for  their  own  fraud.  3.  It  also  ap- 
pears, from  defendants'  receipt,  that  their  charge  in 
this  instance  was  not  for  insurance.  4.  It  was  also 
proved  that  the  defendants  bestowed  no  more  care 
on  this  than  they  would  have  given  a  common  par- 
cel. 5.  The  bonds  were  not  valuable  articles,  but 
mere  evidences  of  debt,  the  destruction  of  which 
would  not  have  involved  a  loss  of  their  nominal 
amount. 

II.  There  was  no  commercial  or  other  usage 
which  justified  the  defendants  in  charging,  or  obliged 
the  plaintiff  to  pay,  $400  for  the  transportation 
of  the  package  in  question.     I.  A  usage  like  that 


SAFES,  BANE  LOCKS,  VAULTS, 


HAIili,  CARKOLL  &  CO., 

Manufacturers  of  the  Celebrated  Hall's  Patent  Concrete 


Which  are  known  to  be  Fuperior  to  any  other,  and  are  perfectly  free  from  dampness. 
None  but  those  marked  ••  Hall's  Patent"  can  be  relied  on. 
We  are  also  sole  manufacturers  of  the  world-renowned 

BANK  LOCE,  <<  Lord's  Champion,"  with  HalPs  ImproTemeDt. 

The  advantages  this  lock  has  over  all  others  are: 

Ist.  It  has  an  outside  combination  key  that  will  baffle  the  most  expert  burglar  or 
ecientific  mechanic;  it  has  no  key-hole  or  stem,  spindle  or  dial  that  can  be  knocked 
off  or  po  defaced  as  to  prevent  the  person  having  the  key  and  combination  from  open- 
ing the  safe. 

2d.  It  is  impossible  to  get  any  explosive  sub.stance  into  the  lock,  or  in  any  way  de- 
face the  face  of  the  door  so  as  to  prevent  the  person  having  the  outside  key  and  com- 
bination from  opening  the  safe. 

3d.  It  has  no  springs,  and  for  this  reason  alone  places  it  above  any  lock  in  use,  as 
it  is  impossible  to  get  it  out  of  order,  and  it  has  greater  security  than  any  lock  known. 

We  invite  all  Bankers,  County  Treasurers,  Merchants,  and  others  to  call  and  ex- 
amine it. 

HALL,   CARROLL   &   CO,, 
Nos.  15  and  17  East  Second  Street,  Cincinnati, 
And  No«  17  Main  Street,  St.  Lonis* 

13i 


,gT;'  G.  W.  SHOIiL., 


MANUFACTURER    OF 


T^yiiS,  ¥ALI 


^ 


AND 


57  Walnnt^  cerner  of  West  Second,  and  507  PInm  Street, 


A  WEWI.Y  INVENTED  PATENT 

lEnm  milk  Bunmi  tmE, 


;:  INVENTED  BY  DAVID  SHOLL. 

This  Case  is  made  of  material  which  is  everlasting ;   neither  water  nor 

dampness  has  any  effect  upon  it.     We  warrant  them  to  neither  rust 

Dor  decay.    They  are  truly  the  everlasting  Burial  Case.     Persons 

wishing  to  obtain  the  right  of  any  State  will  call  upon 

a.  W.  SHOLL  &  CO., 
IV.  1¥.  corner  Second  and  li¥alnut  Streets, 


.Wii^'-' 


135 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  135 

claimed  by  the  defendants  must  be  so  well  settled, 
and  of  so  long  continuance,  as  to  raise  a  fair  pre- 
sumption that  it  was  known  to  both  contracting 
parties,  and  that  their  contract  made  reference  to 
it  {Eager  v.  Atlas  Insurance  Co,,  14  Pick.  143; 
Rayney  v.  Vernon,  9  Carrington  &  P.)  It  must  be 
60  uniform  and  universal,  that  every  one  in  the 
trade  must  be  taken  to  know  it  ( Wood  v.  Wood,  1 
Carr  &  Payne,  59;  3  Phil.  Ev.,  Cowen  &  HilFs 
Notes,  1422;  Story  on  Contracts,  sec.  650,  p.  5750, 
2d  ed.)  Neither  of  these  requisites  is  supplied  by 
the  defendants'  testimony.  2.  The  testimony  of 
the  defendants'  witnesses  was  not  competent  to  es- 
tablish the  existence  of  a  usage.  The  witnesses, 
two  in  number,  were  in  the  defendants'  employ; 
and  had  never  had  any  other  experience  in  the 
Express  business.  Their  experience  in  the  Ex- 
press business  did  not  exceed  one  year;  and  their 
knowledge  as  to  transportation  of  bonds  is  confined 
to  one  instance.  Evidence  of  a  few  instances  is  not 
sufficient  to  establish  a  usage  (3  Chitty  Com.  Law, 
45;  1  Marsh,  186.)  Usage  must  be  proved  by  wit- 
nesses who  have  had  frequent  and  actual  experi- 
ence of  the  usage  (2  Creen's  Ev.  208.) 

III.  The  defendants'  customary  charge  for  trans- 
porting packages  was  not  binding  upon  the  plaintiff, 
it  being  in  evidence  that  neither  he  nor  his  agent 
had  had  any  prior  dealings  with  defendants,  and 
there  being  no  evidence  that  the  plaintiff  knew,  or 
had  notice,  that  there  was  any  customary  charge. 
**  For  whatever  may  have  been  the  usage,  it  can 
have  no  effect  on  a  contract  unless  adopted  by  the 
parties,"  {Eager  \.  Atlas  Instance  Co.,  14  Pick.  143; 
Snowden  v.  Warner,  3  Rawle,  p.  106.)  The  usages 
of  individuals  cannot  affect  these  contracts,  unless  it 


136  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

appear  that  the  usage  was  known  to  the  parties 
with  whom  they  contracted  {Loring  v.  Guriwy,  5 
Pick.  16;  Garay  v.  Lloyd,  3  Barr.  &  Cr.  793;  Lau- 
rence V.  Stonmgton  Bank,  6  Cowen  R.  521;  Rus- 
forth  V.  Hadfield,  7  East.  225;  Kinkman  v.  Shadcross, 
6  T.  R.  4;  2  Phill.  on  Ev.,  p.  37;  Lewis  v.  Mars/iall, 
13  Lawson,  (N.S.);  Duer  on  Jus.,  vol.  i.,  pp.  179, 
182,  193,  254,  in  Notes  X.  toxiii.;  Wins/roopv.  Union 
Insurance  Co.,  2  Wash.  C.  C.  R.  16;  Astor  v.  Union 
Insurance  Co.,  7  Cowen,  202;  Syces  v.  Bridge,  2 
Doug.  627.)  There  must  be  a  general  usage,  or 
universal  custom,  brought  home  to  the  knowledge 
of  the  party  defendant;  or  it  must  be  the  special 
course  or  habit  of  dealing  with  one  of  the  parties, 
recognized  and  assented  to  by  the  other  (Story  on 
Contr.,  sec.  14;  Wood  v.  Hickock  §•  Harris,  2  Wend. 
501 ;  Child  v.  Sun  Mutual  Insurance  Co.) 

IV.  The  testimony  of  A.  L.  Stimson  and  W.  Mc- 
Gill  in  relation  to  the  usual  rate  of  charge  for  valu- 
able articles,  was  irrelevant,  and  ought  to  have 
been  excluded. 

V.  The  judge  erred  in  his  charge  to  the  jury, 
because:  1.  If  there  was  a  customary  charge  of  one 
per  cent,  on  valuable  articles  by  the  Express  office, 
the  plaintiff  had  no  knowledge  or  notice  of  it,  im- 
plied  or  direct,  and  is  not  bound  by  it.  2.  If  such 
a  charge  were  proper  for  valuable  articles,  it  could 
not  be  applied  to  the  transportation  of  Arkansas 
bonds,  these  having  no  intrinsic  value,  and  being 
evidences  of  value  merely.  The  plaintiff's  right  to 
recover  the  amount  specified  in  the  bonds  would 
atill  remain,  although  the  bonds  were  lost  or  de- 
stroyed. The  plaintiff  could  not  have  recovered  the 
stated  or  nominal  value  of  such  bonds  of  the  defend- 
ants, under  any  circumstances.     Such  bonds,  there- 


HENRY   WARE, 


9 


JVo.  7  fWJEST  FOURTH  STREET, 


CINCINNATI,   Ohio. 


:n:s-t£tl3llsli.ec3.  in.  .A., 


1B38. 


MANUFACTURER  AND  IMPORTER  OF 


#ptual,  Pat^euialkal  aiiJi  flilosopljial  Instruments, 


AND 


iiiiiiiL  iPMiif  ii. 

A    LARGE    ASSORTMENT    OF    APPARATUS    FOR    ILLUS- 
TRATING THE  STUDY  OF  THE  NATURAL  SCIENCES, 
ALWAYS  ON  HAND. 

Particular  attention  given  to  the  selection  of  Spectacles  for  defective 
sight;  also  to  the  repairing  of  Engineers'  Instruments,  and  all  Philosoph- 
ical and  Chemical  Apparatus. 

All  Instruments  warranted  correct  in  all  particulars. 


Illustrated  priced  Catalogues  furnished  on  application,  and  sent  by  mail, 
free  of  charge,  to  all  parts  of  the  Union. 

136 


We  would  recommend  to  your  particular  notice  the  Establishment 

OF 

T.  ^7.  SPRAGUE  &  CO., 

S.  E.  Corner  of  Fourth  and  Vine  Streets, 

OPPOSITJE}  POST  OFFICE, 

AS   THE    PLACE    TO 

REPLENISH  YOUR  WARDROBE. 

YOU    CAN   THERE    FIND,    AT   ALL   TIMES, 

THE  FINEST  CLOTHING 

READY  MADE  IN  THE 

MOST  FASHIOJ^ABLE  STYLES, 

Superior  to  anything  yon  can  find  clsc^vhcrr. 

We  can  recommend  Mr.  Sprague  to  you  with  confidence,  as  a  man  who 
will  serve  you  honorably.  You  can,  if  you  wish,  leave  your  measure,  and 
he  will  make  for  you  a  suit 

20  per  cenl.  Cheaper  kn  llie  usual  Custom  Prices. 

SPRAGUE  &  CO. 

Are  now  doing  a  very  prosperous  busiuess.     They  keep  the 
And  do  business  on  the 

EIGHT    FJRINOIPLE. 

137 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  137 

/ore,  are  not  valuable  articles  upon  which  the  defend- 
ants can  charge  a  per  centage.  3.  The  plaintiff  was 
not  excluded  from  proving  the  actual  value  of  said 
bonds  by  the  amount  stated  in  the  receipt;  there 
being  no  evidence  of  the  manner,  or  by  whom  such 
statement  was  made,  or  that  the  plaintiff  or  his 
agent  ever  assented  to  it.  4.  There  was  no  evi- 
dence that  any  declaration  whatever  was  made  in 
New  Orleans  by  the  plaintiff's  agent. 

G.  F.  Belts,  for  the  defendants,  contra. 

I.  The  charge  of  the  judge  was  correct,  in  leav- 
ing it  to  the  jury  to  determine  what  was  the  proper 
compensation  (Chitty  on  Contracts,  p.  547;  Chap- 
man V.  De  Tastel.  2  Stark.  295;  Bryan  v.  Flight, 
5  Mees.  &  W.  114.) 

II.  It  was  correctly  submitted  to  the  jury,  that 
if,  from  the  evidence,  they  believed  that  the  cus- 
tomary charge  by  Express  offices  was  one  per  cent. 
on  valuable  articles  from  New  Orleans  to  New 
York,  they  should  find  for  the  defendants  to  that 
amount  {Hinton  v.  Locke,  5  Hill,  437;  Vailv.  Rice, 
1  Seld.  155,  158.) 

III.  The  evidence  as  to  the  customary  charge  of 
Adams  k  Co.  was  competent:  1.  To  show  what  was 
a  reasonable  or  proper  compensation;  that  they 
only  asked  from  the  defendants  what  they  asked 
from  all  their  other  customers.  2.  It  was  not  offer- 
ed to  prove  a  local  usage  of  that  house,  nor  was  it 
so  submitted  to  the  jury  by  the  court.  3.  A  gen- 
eral usage  having  been  proved,  this  evidence  could 
do  no  harm,  being  included  in  the  other. 

IV.  The  sum  of  $40,000,  declared  to  the  agent 
of  Adams  &  Co.,  at  New  Orleans,  by  Robb  k  Co., 
marked  on  the  packages,  and  inserted  in  the  receipt, 


138  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

was  to  be  taken  as  the  value.  1.  Robb  &  Co.  were 
plaintiff's  agents.  (Letter  from  Tucker  &  Crapo.) 
And  their  declaration  and  contract  are  binding  on 
the  plaintiff  (Story,  Agency,  §  135.)  2.  This  was 
the  contract  between  consignor  and  carrier  (En- 
dorsement on  envelope;  Smith  v.  Jaines,  7  Cowen, 
328;   Woife  v.  Mi/ers,  3  Sand.  7-13.) 

Y.  If  the  bonds  had  been  actually  purchased 
by  plaintiff  for  $26,000,  that  was  not  evidence 
against  the  defendants.  1.  It  was  res  inter  alias  ,^. 
acta.  2.  The  plaintiffs  were  estopped,  by  their  ad-.  .^^ 
missions  and  contract,  from  showing  the  value  to 
have  been  other  than  $40,000  (Truscott  v.  Denis, 
4  Barb.  498;  Wetland  Canal  Co.  v.  Hathaway,  8 
Wend.  483.) 

By  the  Court.  Oakley,  Ch.  J. — As  no  proof 
was  given  on  the  part  of  the  defendants  of  the  Ex- 
press agreement  set  up  in  their  answer,  they  were 
entitled  to  demand  no  more  than  a  reasonable  com- 
pensation for  the  service  which  they  performed. 
By  the  receipt  which  they  gave  for  the  package, 
they  were  exempt  from  the  usual  liability  of  com- 
mon carriers  as  insurers.  They  were  not  responsi- 
ble for  any  loss  or  damage,  arising  from  any  other 
cause  than  the  fraud  or  gross  negligence  of  them- 
seves,  their  agents  or  servants;  and  their  witnesses 
proved  that  the  same  care  and  diligence  were  be- 
stowed in  the  transportation  of  all  articles  and  pack- 
ages intrusted  to  their  charge,  without  reference  to 
their  value.  It  is  not  perceived,  therefore,  that 
there  was  any  reason  for  enhancing  the  charge  for 
transportation  in  proportion  to  the  value  of  the 
articles  transported,  and,  consequently,  the  charge 
which  the  defendants  made,  which  even  exceeds 
the  usual  rate  of  insurance  from  New  Orleans  to 


EATEINTS' 


II  f llSil 


IF  f  OU  WANT  A 


LOD&E,  SOCIETY,  COURT,  NOTARIAL, 


OR 


^W  K^WKffi^^ 


9 


Address 


.  iB-^riEsiNrs,  j-r.. 


No.  64  West  Fourth  Street, 

CINCINNATI,  Ohio. 


Wax  Seals  and  Stamps  of  every  description. 

138 


A.  S.  BUTTERFIELD, 


^MMBIM.  MMM 


^Q     ^^<^^^<^^iSJQ 


AND 


Cnmk  Mamtfettam; 


No.  242  Main  Street,  four  doors  belo'w  Sisth, 

CINCINNATI,  OHIO. 

i^ No.  S29 

MAIN  STREET,  CINCINNATI,  OHIO, 

Is  the  only  place  in  the  Western  States  where  a  full  stock  of  the  celebrated 

SETH  THOMAS  GLOfiKS, 

TIME-PIECES  AND  REGULATORS, 

Can  at  all  times  be  found.     The  common  Weight  and  Spring  Clocks  and 
Time-Pieces,  of  every  style  and  quality,  with 

Can  always  be  had  at  the  above  stand,  at  the  lowest  market  price. 

Pedlers,  Jewelers,  and  Merchants  are  respectfully  invited  to  call  and  ex- 
amine the  Goods. 

M^^iM^  B.  BLAKESLBB. 

139 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  130 

New  York,  was  apparently  unreasonable  and  ex- 
travagant. 

We  are  not,  however,  to  be  understood  as  saying, 
that  the  charge  made,  unreasonable  as  it  seems, 
may  not  be  sanctioned  by  usage;  but  it  is  certain 
no  usage  could  justify  the  charge,  unless  its  charac- 
ter were  proved  to  be  such  as  to  warrant  the  pre- 
sumption that  it  was  known  to  both  parties,  and 
that  their  contract  was  made  in  reference  to  its  ex- 
istence; in  other  words,  that  it  was  known  to  Robb 
&  Co.,  the  agents  of  the  plaintiff,  when  they  deliv- 
ered the  package  to  the  defendants,  and  that,  by 
their  silence  at  that  time,  they  consented  to  be 
bound  by  it. 

Had  it  been  proved  that  there  was  a  general,  uni- 
form, and  notorious  usage,  justifying  the  charge 
made  by  the  defendants,  the  law  would  have  im- 
puted to  the  plaintiff  and  his  agents  a  knowledge 
of  its  existence;  but  there  was  no  pretence  for  say- 
ing that  any  such  evidence  was  given.  If  any 
usage  was  proved,  it  was  of  the  defendants  alone. 
It  was  special  and  particular,  not  general;  and  such 
being  its  character,  we  deem  it  needless  to  cite 
authorities  to  show  that,  to  render  it  binding  on  the 
plaintiff,  his  or  his  agent's  actual  knowledge  of  its 
existence  and  terms  was  necessary  to  be  proved. 
The  evidence,  even,  of  the  existence  of  this  limited 
usage  was  slight  and  unsatisfactory;  and  there  was 
none  whatever  from  which  a  jury  could  be  warrant- 
ed to  infer,  that  its  existence  was  known  to  the 
plaintiff  or  to  Robb  &  Co. 

The  judge,  however,  upon  the  trial,  charged  the 
jury,  that  if  they  believed,  from  the  evidence,  that 
the  customary  charge  by  Express  offices  was  one 
per  cent,  on  valuable  articles  from  New  Orleans  to 


140  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

New  York,  they  should  find  for  the  defendants  to 
that  amount,  on  the  value  of  the  package.  We 
think  that  this  charge  was  erroneous,  and  that,  upon 
the  evidence  before  the  court,  the  queston  of  usage 
ought  not  to  have  been  submitted  to  the  jury  at 
all.  We  have,  however,  no  right  to  say  that  it  was 
not  upon  this  evidence  that  their  verdict  was  found- 
ed, and  it  must  therefore  be  set  aside. 

The  judgment  set  aside,  and  a  new  trial  ordered; 
costs  to  abide  the  event. 

Note. — We  cannot  but  regard  the  judicial  decision  in  the  above 
case  as  wrong.  The  inference  of  the  honoraVjle  court,  that  the 
Express  charge  of  oue  per  cent,  was  exorbitant,  was  based  en- 
tirely upon  Judge  Oakley's  idea  that  "  the  bonds  were  not  valuable 
articles,  but  mere  evidences  of  debt"  We  must  respectfully  beg 
leave  to  say,  that  were  his  Honor's  premise  right,  his  deduction 
would  be  a  fair  one ;  but  his  basis  was  utterly  unsound.  Had  that 
package  of  Arkansas  bonds  been  lost  by  Adams  &  Co.,  it  would 
have  becu  optional  perhaps  with  the  State  of  Arkansas  to  substi- 
tute others  for  them;  and  at  the  best,  weeks  and  months  must 
have  elapsed  before  it  would  have  been  done.  In  the  meantime, 
Arkansas  bonds,  which  had  already  fallen  much  below  par,  might 
have  gone  down  to  a  much  lower  figure;  in  which  case  Holford 
would  have  undoubtedly  hold  Adams  &  Co.  liable  for  the  whole 
amount  of  the  decline  on  his  "  $40,000"  parcel  of  bonds  from  the 
time  when  in  due  course  they  should  have  been  delivered  to  him 
by  the  Express.  In  New  Orleans,  his  agent,  or  himself,  stated 
their  value  to  be  $40,000,  and  had  it  so  written  down  in  the  Ex- 
press receipt  then  given  him;  but  in  New  York,  in  the  trial  of 
the  case,  it  is  stated  by  his  counsel  that  they  were  worth  only 
$26,000 — a  fluctuation  in  their  value,  indicating  a  capacity  to  fall 
much  lower  yet.  In  the  jury  trial,  (in  which  the  verdict  was  it 
favor  of  the" Express  Company,)  the  jury  was  composed  mostly  of 
experienced  mercantile  men,  and  their  foreman  was  a  gentleman 
who  has  been  a  commercial  lawyer,  in  high  standing,  for  many 
years. — En.  Express  History. 


DUHME  &  CO., 

IMPORTERS  AND  MANUFACTURERS  OP 

WATCe  MOVEIHEKTS,  TOOLS  AND  MATERIALS, 

SILVER  AMD  PLATED  WARE,  SPECTACLES,  $,Z., 
S.  W.  cor.  Fourth  and  Walnut  Sts., 

G.  A.  MENZEL  &  GO'S 

(Formerly  l£lauprech  Sc  Iflenzel'n) 

LITHOGRAPHIC  ESTABLMIEE 

257  and  259  Walnnt  St., 

Opposite  WalDut  St.  Honse,  CISGIZISAVI)  On 


Portraits,  Conbscopcs,  SI)on3  Carbs,  iHaps, 

G&iiSi  isiii,  iu  eiiiSv 

Checks,  Drafts,  Labels  of  ^v^t^  kind,  &c.,  done  in  the 

best  style. 

140 


SMITH'S 


^ 


OLD   ESTABLISHED 

No.  19  Ea§t  Filth  St.,  Cincinnati. 

The  attention  of  bajers  is  respectfully  called  to  oar  onsarpassed  assortment  of 

Tlairty  ]>ar,  RIsht  Vay  and  One  Day  Office  Clocks,  Bank  and  Chnrrh  GIoclu» 

Railroad  Clocks,  Steamboat  Clocks,  Patent  l.erer  Clocks,  Alarm 

Clocks,  Clocks  Tor  Halls  and  Publir  Baildings.     Fine  JBegu- 

lators;  Parlor,  Chamber  and  Kitchen  Clocks,  Gilt 

W^auh  8igns,  Clock  'J'rimmings,  Arc,  &c. 

All  of  whi<ih  we  offer  to  Jewelers,  Merchasts.  Peddlers,  and  Dealers  generally,  at  a  rery  Bmall  advance 
opon  actual  cost  to  manufacture.  Be  sure  to  look  through  our  stock  and  prieea  before  purcbaaing  tbe- 
where.     49rAll  goods  warranted  and  carefully  packed.     Order*  promptly  executed. 


A.  D.  SMITH,  12  East  Fifth  St,  opp.  Dennison  House,  Cincinnati,  O. 


J.  LANGE  &  BROTHER, 


MANUPACTUBEBS  OP 


AND 


WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL  DEALERS  IN 


No.  52  FOURTH  STREET, 


Bet.  Walnut  and  Tine  Sis., 


eiiuiiAf  li  0 


I  wi 


141 


■M-:i 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  141 


Louis  Newstadt  v.  Alvin  Adams  and  others. 

In  an  action  against  the  carriers  of  goods  by  express,  to  recover 
the  value  of  a  diamond  pin,  received  at  New  York,  to  be  de- 
livered at  Philadelphia,  the  fact  that  the  complaint  states  a  de- 
livery to  the  carriers  at  59  Broadway,  while  the  proof  is  of  a  de- 
livery at  an  office  in  Canal  Street,  is  no  obstacle  to  a  recovery. 
The  variance  is  immaterial.  So  is  the  omission  to  state,  as  a 
part  of  the  carrier's  contract,  that  he  was  not  to  be  liable  for 
any  loss  or  damage,  unless  proved  to  have  occurred  from  his 
fraud  or  gross  negligence.  In  such  a  case,  proof  of  the  deliv- 
ery and  acceptance  of  the  goods  to  be  carried,  of  a  demand  of 
them  at  a  proper  time  and  place,  and  of  a  refusal  to  deliver 
them,  without  explanation,  is  sufficient,  in  the  first  instance,  to 
entitle  the  plaintiff  to  recover. 

It  is  only  when  an  actual  loss  is  shown,  that  a  plaintiff,  under  such 
a  contract,  is  bound  to  prove  that  the  fraud  or  gross  negligence 
of  the  carrier  caused  the  loss.  When  the  contract  limits  the 
liabiUty  to  $150,  unless  the  nature  and  value  of  the  property 
are  disclosed  when  delivered,  to  the  carrier,  the  plaintiff,  prima 
facie,  cannot  recover  beyond  that  sum,  though  the  property  is 
clearly  proved  to  be  worth  more. 

(Before  Duer,  Bosworth  and  Slosson,  J.J.) 
October  1,  1856. 

This  action  was  tried  before  Ch.  J.  Oakley,  and 
a  jury,  on  the  19th  of  March,  1856.  A  verdict  was 
taken  for  the  plaintiff  by  direction  of  the  judge, 
for  the  sum  of  $175,  subject  to  the  opinion  of  the 
court,  at  general  term,  upon  a  case,  with  power  to 
the  court  to  reduce  the  verdict  to  $150,  should  it 
think  proper. 

The  defendants  were  partners,  carrying  on  the 
Express  and  Forwarding  business  between  New 
York  and  Philadelphia.  The  complaint  alleges  that 
on  the  10th  of  December,  1854,  a  box  was  dehver- 

15 


142 


EXPRESS     HISTORY. 


ed  to  the  agent  of  the  defendants,  at  their  office, 
No.  59  Broadway,  in  New  York,  to  be  delivered  to 
the  plaintiff,  in  Philadelphia,  to  whom  it  was  direct- 
ed. A  receipt  was  given,  signed  by  one  Griffin, 
the  agent.  The  box  contained  a  diamond  ring  of 
the  value  of  $175.  The  box  was  a  small  flat  one, 
about  two  and  a  half  inches  long,  made  of  paper, 
and  had  paper  around  it.  It  was  delivered  at  what 
was  alleged  to  be  an  office  of  the  defendants,  in 
Canal  Street.  A  receipt  was  given  at  the  time, 
which  is  in  the  following  form: 


ADAMS  &  CO.'S 

GREAT   EASTERN,  WESTERN    AND   SOUTHERN   PACKAGE    EXPRESS. 

New  York,  October  im,  1854. 

Received  of  Emilia  Newstadt,  in  apparent  good  order,  to 
be  transported  by  our  Express  Lines,  the  undersigned  arti- 
cles, marked  as  per  margin,  which  we  promise  to  deliver  in 
like  order,  subject  to  the  agreement  now  made,  and  hereafter 
expressed,  to  Louis  Newstadt,  at  Philadelphia,  Pa.  It  is 
agreed,  and  is  part  of  the  consideration  of  this  contract,  that 
we  are  not  to  be  responsible  for  any  loss  or  damage  arising 
from  the  dangers  of  railroad,  steam,  or  river  navigation, 
leakage,  fire,  or  from  any  cause  whatever,  unless  the  same  be 
proved  to  have  occurred  from  the  fraud  or  gross  negligence 
of  ourselves,  our  agents  or  servants,  and  we  are  in  no  event 
to  be  liable  beyond  our  route,  as  herein  receipted.  Valued 
under  $150,  unless  herein  otherwise  stated. 

Freight  to 


marks. 
Louis  Newstadt,  Philadelphia, 
Pa.     To  be  called  for. 


PACKAGES. 

Little  box,  to  be  left  at  Adams' 
Express:  for  the  proprietor. 


Griffin,  who  signed  the  receipt,  was  an  agent  of 
the  defendants.  They  had  an  office  in  Canal  Street, 
where  articles  were  received,  and  from  which  they 
were  taken  to  the  office,  59  Broadway.     This  was 


WOERNER   ^   MUEHLE, 

MANUFACTURERS    OF 


Vfhotetate  and   JRelail^ 

Looking  Glass  and  Picture  Frames, 

AND 

ALL  KINDS  OF  GILDING  DONE  TO  OBDEE, 
No.  8  North  William  Street, 


IMPORTA-NT^NVENTION. 

J.  S.  &  R  BROMLEY,       . 

MANUFACTURERS    OF 

^fln-Carms|mg  Silto  fkteb  Wan, 

83  STATE  STREET, 


Important  to  Dealers. — By  our  inventioa  dealers  can  be  supplied  with  Silver 
Plated  Ware  that  will  remain  on  hand  for  any  length  of  time  without  tarnishing, 
and  therefore  does  not  require  cleaning.  In  case  of  dust  settling  upon  the  ware,  it 
can  easily  be  removed  by  wiping  or  dusting  with  a  clean  Chamois  Skin. 

^^  We  are  the  only  Manufacturers  of  Non-Tarnishino  Silver  Plated  Waab, 
either  in  this  or  any  other  country. 

MILO   PECK   ^  CO., 

MANUFACTDRERS   OP  THEIR 

POWER  AND  FOOT  CUTTING  PRESSES, 

OVAL  DIB  CHUCKS,  &o.,  &o. 

AGENTS    FOR   THE    SALE    OF    FIRST    CLASS 

Machinist  Tools,  Steam  Engines,  &  Woodworth  Planers, 

142 


MOORE,  WILSBACH,  KEYS  &  CO., 

|PttMrs|ers,  §0011561100  &  Stationers, 


AND  MllFACTmS  OF  PAGED  BLANK  BOOKS, 

No.  25  West  Fonrth  Street, 

CINCINNATI,  Ohio. 


Country  Merchants,  Booksellers,  and  Dealers  generally,  who  purchase 
Books  and  Stationery,  will  serve  their  own  interests  by  examining  'our 
stock  before  purchasing. 

No  more  complete  assortment  can  be  found  in  any  establishment  in  the 
United  States,  of  like  character.  It  has  been  purchased  and  manufactured 
with  great  care,  and  will  be  sold  at  uniformly  low  prices,  for  cash  or  ap- 
proved credit. 

We  publish  more  than  thirty  diflferent  styles  of 


all  of  which  are  superior  in  quality  of  material  and  workmanship  to  others 
of  similar  styles  and  prices  issued  in  the  country.     We  also  publish 

PULTE'S  HOM(EOPATHIC  DOMESTIC  PHYSICIAN. 

BEACH'S  AMERICAN  FAMILY  PRACTICE. 

THE  AMERICAN  DISPENSATORY,  by  John  King. 

THE  AMERICAN  ECLECTIC  PRACTICE,  by  Jones  &  Sherwood. 

BAYARD  TAYLOR'S  CYCLOPEDIA  OP  MODERN  TRAVEL: 
A  Record  of  Adventures,  Exploration  and  Discovery  for  the  past  fifty 
years.  Comprising  Narratives  of  the  most  distinguished  Travelers  since 
the  beginning  of  this  Century.  Prepared  and  arranged  by  Bayard  Tay- 
lor. 2  vols,  royal  8vo.,  1,000  pages.  Neatly  bound,  embellished  with 
seven  fine  portraits  on  steel  by  Buttre,  and  illustrated  by  fourteen  full- 
page  engravings,  and  over  forty  wood-cuts,  and  thirteen  authentic  Maps 
by  ScHONBERG.     Sold  to  Subscribers  only. 

Agents  wanted  in  all  parts  of  the  United  States  and  Canvas. 
SEND  FOR  CATALOGUES. 
143 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  143 

for  the  accommodation  of  up-town  people,  and  pack- 
ages were  received  there  when  the  goods  were  of 
small  value.  The  agent's  orders  were,  not  to  take 
articles  at  that  office  of  over  the  value  of  $150,  nor 
any  money.  He  was  authorized  to  sign  receipts  of 
the  character  of  that  produced,  for  packages  of 
small  value  to  go  to  the  lower  office.  Nothing  was 
paid  to  Griffin,  the  agent,  at  the  time,  for  carrying 
and  delivering  the  package,  or  agreed  to  be  paid. 
Nothing  was  said  at  the  time  of  the  value  of  the 
box.  The  agent  states  he  would  not  have  taken  it 
if  apprised  of  its  value.  He  supposed  from  its  ap- 
pearance it  was  not  valuable,  and  did  not  make  any 
inquiry  as  to  it.  It  was  the  custom  to  receive 
packages  at  the  office  in  Canal  Street,  and  send 
them  by  the  drivers  to  that  in  Broadway. 

The  defendants,  when  the  plaintiff's  testimony 
was  closed,  moved  for  the  dismissal  of  the  complaint, 
on  the  ground  that  no  delivery  of  the  box,  as  al- 
leged in  the  complaint,  had  been  proved;  and  that 
there  was  no  proof  of  compensation  or  hire  for  car- 
rying the  box,  paid  or  agreed  to  be  paid  by  the 
plaintiff  to  defendants;  that  the  complaint  did  not 
allege  the  defendants  to  be  common  carriers,  and 
that  no  negligence  had  been  shown  on  the  part  of 
the  defendants. 

The  Chief  Justice  refused  the  motion,  and  the 
defendants'  counsel  excepted. 

The  defendants  offering  no  evidence,  a  verdict 
was  directed,  as  before  stated. 

The  other  facts  sufficiently  appear  in  the  opin- 
ion of  the  court. 

L.  S.  Ashley,  for  plaintiff. 

/.  G,  Vase,  for  defendants. 


144  EXPRESS      HISTORY. 

By  the  Court.  Bosworth,  J. — The  complaint 
states,  and  the  answer  does  not  deny,  and  there- 
fore admits,  that  the  defendants  were  partners,  and 
as  such  were  ' '  carrying  on  the  express  and  for- 
warding business  between  the  cities  of  New  York 
and  Philadelphia."     They  were  common  carriers. 

When  they  took  goods  in  the  ordinary  course  of 
their  business,  to  be  carried  from  one  of  those  cities 
to  the  other,  in  the  absence  of  any  special  contract, 
the  implication  of  law  would  be,  that  the  defend- 
ants were  to  be  paid  the  usual  and  customary  com- 
pensation. 

If  die  defendants  received  the  goods  and  under- 
took to  carry  them,  although  they  were  paid  noth- 
ing, nor  promised  anything  for  doing  it,  they  would 
be  bound  to  use,  at  the  least,  as  much  care  and 
skill  as  they  stipulated  for  in  the  written  contract. 

The  fact  that  they  were  delivered  to  the  defend- 
ants at  Canal  Street,  instead  of  Broadway,  is  a  va- 
riance which  the  court  is  required  by  section  169 
of  the  Code  to  disregard. 

The  objection  that  the  legal  effect  of  the  contract 
proved,  varied  from  that  described  in  the  complaint, 
does  not  appear  to  have  been  taken  at  the  trial. 
Neither  was  the  objection  taken  that  the  complaint 
did  not  allege  any  fraud  or  gross  negligence  of  the 
defendants.  It  is  too  late  to  take  such  objections 
now.     (  Barnes  v.  Perine,  2  Kernan,  24,  25.) 

The  objection  taken  was,  that  no  negligence  had 
been  proved.  Proof  of  a  delivery  and  acceptance 
of  the  goods  to  be  carried,  and  of  a  demand  of  the 
goods  and  non-compliance  with  it,  without  any  ex- 
planation or  apology,  was  sufficient  proof  of  fraud 
or  gross  negligence,  until  some  evidence  of  care  or 
fidelity  had  been  given  by  the  defendants. 


CHEVALIER'S 


OPERATING  CASES  AND  CHAIRS, 

F@rtaiMi  laities  iii  Bi©ai«l©sts, 

TEETH,  GOLD  AND  TIN  FOIL, 

Gold  and  Silver  Plate  and  Solder,  and  every  other  article  used  by  the  Dental  Pro- 
fession, sent  to  all  parts  of  the  World. 


FRIGES     REDUCED 


CHEVALIER'S  WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL  DEPOT, 
639  Broadway,  IV.  Y. 

EST.AJBX,isia:Er>  iisr  i8ss. 


SPECtJiL,  J%'OTICE.—DISCOUJrT. 

I  have  heretofore  adhered  to  the  rule  of  making  no  discount  to  any  but  the  trade; 
but  being  convinced  of  certain  practices  amongst  most  of  the  dealers,  which  had  a 
tendency  to  increase  my  wholesale,  at  the  expense  of  my  retail  trade,  1  have  de- 
termined from  this  date  to  make  the  following  discount  to  dentisis,  viz: 

On  all  purchases  made  at  my  store  for  cash,  or  orders  by  mail  or  otherwise,  inclos- 
ing the  cash,  ten  per  cent,  on  all  sums  from  ten  to  seventy-five  dollars.  From  seven- 
ty-five to  two  hundred,  twelve  per  cent,  discount;  and  one  per  cent,  additional  on 
every  fifty  dollars,  up  to  five  hundred. 

JVo  discount  on  Gold  Foil,  Plate  or  Platina. 

Always  send  enough  money  to  pay  for  what  you  order,  and  the  surplus,  if  any,  will 
be  returned  in  specie  with  the  goods. 

144 


D.  BERRIEN  &  CO., 

252  and  357  Pearl  Street,  New  York, 

IMPORTERS  AND  MANUFACTURERS   OP 


Of  every  description.     Also,  Manufacturers- of 

BLMSim',  MOEDIRS',  11 KIMEN  BELLOWS, 

DEALERS  IN  DRESSED  AP  UNDRESSED  GIN  BRISTLES. 
BERRIEN'S  JUSTLY  CELEBRATED  FRICTION  MATCHES, 

Warranted  to  keep  in  any  climate. 


ESTABLISHED    IN    1819. 


We  would  call  the  attention  of  the  Trade  to  eur  large  and  extensive  assortment  of 

of  our  own  manufacture  and  importation,  feeling  confident  that  we  can  offer  as  great, 
if  not  better  inducements  to  purchasers,  than  any  other  House  in  the  city  for  the 
same  class  and  quality  of  goods. 

We  have  been  manufacturers  of  the  above-named  articles  for  over  forty  years, 
and  hav9  the  satisfaction  of  knowing  that  wherever  our  articles  of  manufacture  are 
introduced,  none  ever  take  their  place.  We  would  call  the  attention  of  purchasers 
particularly  to  our  large  and  great  variety  of 


especially  the  quality  of  the  same,  our 

CKLEBRATEB    B£JL£.OWS 

of  various  qualities,  and  to  our 

WORLD  REBrOWigSD  FRICTZON  MATCHZSS, 

warranted  to  keep  in  any  climate. 

The  trade  and  purchasers  are  respectfully  invited  to  call  and  examine  for  them- 
selves, before  purchasing  elsewhere.  Orders  carefully  and  promptly  filled.  Price 
Lists,  with  full  information,  sent  to  any  address. 

145 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  145 

As  the  case  presents  the  facts,  the  defendants 
received  the  goods  and  undertook  to  carry  them. 
They  stipulated  that  they  should  not  be  charged  for 
any  loss  or  damage  unless  caused  by  fraud  or  gross 
negligence,  and  that  the  plaintiff  should  be  requir- 
ed to  prove  fraud  or  such  negligence  in  order  to  be 
entitled  to  recover.  The  defendants,  if  made  liable, 
agreed  to  pay  whatever  might  be  shown  to  be  the 
value  of  the  property;  such  value,  at  all  events,  to 
be  deemed  less  than  $150.  The  plaintiff  has  de- 
manded the  goods  at  the  place  at  which  the  de- 
fendants have  agreed  to  deliver  them;  and  they 
have  not  complied  with  the  demand,  nor  assigned 
any  reason  or  excuse  for  their  failure  to  do  so. 

If  the  contract  had  been  set  out  according  to  its 
legal  effect,  as  evidenced  by  the  paper  signed  by 
Griffin,  no  other  proof  of  fraud  or  gross  negligence 
could  well  have  been  given,  than  such  as  was  fur- 
nished in  this  case. 

When  the  defendants  admit,  or  it  is  proved,  that 
they  took  the  goods,  and  agreed  to  carry  and  de- 
liver them  at  a  place  named,  and  they  admit  that 
they  did  not  carry  and  deliver  them  there — and  the 
only  question  is,  whether  their  default  results  from 
fraud  or  misconduct;  if  it  appears  that  the  plaintiff 
called  at  the  proper  place  and  demanded  his  goods, 
and  the  defendants  refused  to  deliver  them,  without 
explaining  or  apologising  for  their  conduce,  the 
plaintiff  would  seem  to  have  given  all  the  evidence 
of  fraud  or  negligence  that  should  be  required  in 
the  first  instance. 

Frankness  and  good  faith  require  that  carriers, 
under  such  circumstances,  should  give  some  expla- 
nation of  their  conduct.  It  is  known  to  themselves, 
and  cannot  be  presumed  to  be  known  to  the  plaint- 


146  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

iff.  It  is  easy  for  them  to  state  the  cause  of  the 
loss  or  injury,  and  thus  enable  a  plaintiff  to  exam- 
ine into  the  truth  of  their  statements. 

But  when  they  refuse  to  deliver  the  goods,  and 
fail  to  suggest  any  ground  for  such  refusal,  or  to 
give  any  explanation  of  their  conduct,  I  think  a 
plaintiff  has  proved  enough,  unexplained,  to  make 
a  prima  facie  case  of  fraud  or  gross  negligence. 
{Beardslee  v.  Richardson,  11  Wendell,  25;  Angel  k 
Ames  on  Carriers,  §  38,  n.  4,  ed.  of  1851.) 

The  defendants  did  not  object  that  they  were  not 
required  by  the  pleadings  to  come  prepared  to  try 
the  question  whether  their  conduct  had  been  fraud- 
ulent or  grossly  negligent;  but  the  objection  was, 
that  no  evidence  of  such  conduct  had  been  given. 

The  main  question  was,  whether  the  defendants 
had  undertaken  to  carry  and  deliver  the  goods,  and 
had  broken  their  contract. 

They  did  agree  to  carry  and  deliver;  but  the 
evidence  disclosed  that  this  agreement  was  subject 
to  the  further  agreement,  that  the  plaintiff  should 
have  no  claim  on  them  for  loss  or  damage,  unless 
he  proved  that  such  loss  or  damage  was  caused  by 
their  fraud  or  gross  neghgence. 

The  plaintiff  gave  all  the  proof  that  this  condi- 
tion required.  If  the  defendants  had  objected  that 
the  complaint  contained  no  averment  of  fraud  or 
gross  negligence,  the  court  might  have  ordered  an 
amendment  at  the  trial. 

All  that  the  complaint  alleged  was  proved.  The 
most  that  can  be  said  is,  that  the  agreement  pro- 
duced required  the  plaintiff  to  prove  more,  in  order 
to  recover,  than  he  had  averred.  To  this  it  may 
be  answered,  that  such  proof  was  given.  The  de- 
fendant did  not  object  that  the  plaintiff  could  not 


D.   D 


ILLER 


No.  190  Water  Street,  New  York, 


I'    f 


MANUFACTURER   OF 


SIGNAL  AND  HAND 


LTil!' 


|1L1 


i 


FIEEMEN'S  TRUMPETS,  TOECHES  &  SIGNALS. 


ALSO,   SOLE  MANUFACTURER  OP 


BLAKE'S  PATENT  ARM  LANTERN. 


N.  B. — Orders  by  Mail  filled  with  punctuality  and  dispatch. 
146 


GILCHRIST  &  DANIELS, 


OE^^JLERS  Ijr 


MMOGMY.  ROSEWOQO 


ZEBRA  WOOD,  SATIN"  WOOD,  HOLLY, 


AND  OTBEK 


Pi 


I 


Nos.  204  and  206  Franklin  Street, 


One  door  West  of  Washington, 


JOHN^L?  d'aniels!  [  ^S^  £i^  W!f     M.  ^^l^^^^S^Q 

147 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  147 

give  the  proof  because  he  had  not  alleged  the  fact, 
but  that  he  had  failed  to  give  the  necessary  proof. 
If  he  was  mistaken  as  to  the  effect  of  the  evidence, 
as  we  think  he  was,  the  objection  made  is  untena- 
ble. There  are  no  variances  between  the  pleadings 
and  proofs,  which  should  not,  under  the  circum- 
stances, be  disregarded.  (Code,  §§  169  and  170. 
2  Kernan,  24-25.) 

There  is  another  consideration  which  is  fatal  to 
the  defence.  The  complaint  does  not  allege,  nor 
was  there  any  evidence  tending  to  show,  that  the 
package  was  actually  lost.  The  complaint  states 
that  the  defendants  received  the  package,  and  un- 
dertook to  carry  it  and  to  deliver  it  at  Philadelphia. 
That  a  delivery  has  been  demanded  there,  and  at 
the  office  of  the  defendants  in  New  York,  and  that 
they  have  wholly  neglected  and  refused,  and  still 
refuse  to  deliver  it. 

To  make  the  qualifying  clause  of  the  contract 
available  to  the  defendants,  after  the  plaintiff  had 
proved  the  case  stated  in  the  complaint,  it  was  in- 
cumbent on  the  defendants  to  give  evidence  tend- 
ing to  show  that  it  was  lost,  or  that  they  were  not' 
able  to  deliver  it,  in  consequence  of  its  destruction, 
or  of  its  being  placed  beyond  their  control  by  some 
casualty  arising  "from  the  dangers  of  railroad, 
steam,  or  river  navigation,  leakage,  fire,  or  some 
other  cause." 

Then  it  would  be  the  duty  of  the  plaintiff  to  show 
that  the  cause  of  the  loss,  destruction,  or  other  dis- 
ability of  the  defendants  to  deliver,  occurred  from 
the  * '  fraud  or  gross  negligence  of  the  defendants, 
their  agents  or  servants." 

But  it  cannot  be  pretended  that  the  plaintiff  can- 
not recover,  for  a  refusal  to  deliver  the  article,  if 


148  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

the  defendants  have  the  power  to  deUver  it.  Nei- 
ther the  complaint  nor  the  answer  alleges  a  loss 
of  the  package,  nor  any  inability  of  the  defendants 
to  deliver  it. 

It  was  not  suggested  on  the  trial  that  it  had  been 
actually  lost. 

The  concluding  part  of  the  contract  is  inopera- 
tive, except  in  case  of  an  actual  loss  of  the  pack- 
age. When  the  proof  shows  a  loss  of  it,  that  an- 
swers the  plaintifi'^s  claim,  until  he  gives  proof  that 
the  loss  resulted  from  fraud  or  gross  negligence. 

As  the  case  is  presented  to  us,  it  is  simply  a  case 
of  a  refusal  to  comply  with  a  demand,  made  in  due 
form,  at  the  proper  place,  to  deliver  the  package. 
The  refusal  is  not  accompanied  by  any  explanation. 
No  suggestion  was  made  that  it  was  lost.  The 
case,  therefore,  as  far  as  the  rights  and  liabilities 
of  the  parties  to  this  action  are  concerned,  is  the 
same  as  if  this  qualifying  clause  was  out  of  the 
contract.  There  is  nothing  in  the  facts  of  the  case 
on  which  it  can  operate.  {Hearn  v.  The  London 
and  South'  Western  Railway  Co.,  29  Eng.  L.  and  Eq. 
R.,  494.) 

There  must  be  a  judgment  for  the  plaintiff;  but, 
as  the  value  of  the  property  was  not  disclosed,  the 
verdict  must  be  reduced  to  $149.99. 

Judgment  accordingly  for  plaintiff,  with  costs. 

Sweet  &  Faulkner  v,  Barney,  President  of  th 
United  States  Express  Company. 

Prima  facie,  a  person  receiving  money  is  entitled  to  it,  and  does 
not  become  a  debtor  to  the  person  delivering  it.  Some  evidence 
in  explanation  of  the  transaction  is  necessary,  to  establish  a  lia- 
bility by  the  receipt  of  the  money. 


^^;y^^^u5^ 


(^^^v; 


\?«\  .ViV^^-NVM. 


HEGEMIN,  €LAUK  &  CO'S  GENUINE  COD  LIVER  OIL 

has  stood  the  test  of  12  years'  experience,  and  proved  the  best  and  purest  in  use.    See 
that  it  has  the  signature  over  the  cork,  and  the  eagle  and  mortar  on  the  label. 


HEGEMAN  &  GO'S 

CATARRH  AND  BRONCHIAL  PASTILLES. 

For  Colds  in  the  Head,  Hoarseness,  &c.  25  cts. 
per  box. 

HEGEMAN  &  GO'S 

COMPOUND  CAMPHOR  ICE  with  GLYCERINE, 

For  Chopped  IlnndM  and  Face,  Sore 
L.ip8,  Sunburn,  &t.,  &c. 

The  virtues  both  of  Camphor  and  Glycekine  for 
the  above  affections  of  the  skin  aro  too  well  known 
to  need  comment — our  effort  has  been  to  combine 
them  in  a  convenient  and  agreeable  form  for  the 
toilet.  

HEGEMAN  &  GO'S 

Comp.  Wild  Cherry  Lozenges, 

For  Coughs,  Colds,  &c.      25  cts.  per  Box. 

HEGEMAir&  GO'S 

COMPOUND  ALUM  AND  KINO  LOZENGES, 

For  Sore  Throats,  Hoar-senrss,  &c. 


"Vsefnl  and  Economical." 
HEGEMAN   &  GO'S  BENZINE, 

for  the  instant  removal  of  grease  spots,  paints.&c, 
&c.,  and  for  cleaning  gloves,  silks,  ribbons,  &c,, 
equal  to  new,  without  injury  to  color  or  fabric. 
Sold  by  druggists;  only  25  cents  per  bottle.  Sea 
that  you  get  the  genuine  article. 


FLUID  EXTRACT  OF  ARNICA. 

For  Bruises,  Sprains,  &c. 
This  preparation  of  Arnica  Flowers  should  be  in 
every  family,  for  in  the  event  of  a  bruise  or  sprain, 
if  applied  immediately,  it  prevents  inflammation, 
and  saves  days  and  sometimes  weeks  of  pain  and 
suffering.     50  cents  per  bottle. 


HEGEMAN  &  GO'S 

Cordial  Elixir  of  Calisaya  Barl  (Peruvian Bark.) 

The  virtues  ot  Peruvian  Bark  as  a  Tonic  have 
been  too  long  known  to  need  comment.  The  Ca- 
lisaya (or  "  King's  Bark")  is  the  most  valuable  of 
the  numerous  varieties  of  the  Peruvian  Bark,  and 
in  the  Elixir  is  combined  with  other  ingredients 
that  increase  its  efficacy  and  at  the  same  time  over- 
come the  intensity  of  its  bitter,  rendering  it  a 
most  agreeable  cordial. 

For  persons  Hving  in  Fever  and  Ague  districts  it 
will  be  found  invaluable  as  a  preventive,  half  a 
wineglass  taken  night  and  morning,  rendering  the 
system  much  less  subject  to  the  unhealthy  influ- 
ence of  the  atmosphere.     $1.00  per  bottle. 


VKLPE  AU'S 

celi:bratf<:d 

Diarrhoea  Remedy  and  Cholera  Preventive. 

The  reraai-kable  success  of  this  remedy  during 
the  Cholera  of  l840  and  1865,  has  given  it  a  great 
celebrity,  and  a  single  dose  rarely  fails  to  check  » 
Diarrhoea:  it  is  no  .'.ecret  preparation,  but  the 
names  of  the  ingredients  are  on  each  label,  and 
highly  recommended  by  the  most  eminent  physi- 
cians.    50  cents  per  bottle. 


HEGEMAN  &  GO'S 

This  delightful  preparation  for  the  Hair  is  made 
from  Castor  Oil.  deprived  of  its  objectionable  prop- 
erties, and  combined  with  ingredients  calculated 
to  promote  the  growth  of  tlio  Hair,  and  keep  the 
head  entirely  free  from  dandruff;  and  while  it  be- 
stows a  most  beautiful  glo.ss,  it  is  not  so  greasy 
and  offensive  as  the  Pomatums,  &c.,  so  generally 
used.  It  has  a  most  agreeable  perfume,  and  U 
very  popular  with  Indies  for  Dressing  the  Hair. 
In  bottles  50  cents. 


148 


^t  gofuK-Cofon  Store  for  Pen's  Jurnisjing  ioobs, 

97  WILLIAM  ST.,  Established  in  1834. 


LITCHFIELD   &   DOYLE, 

MANUFACTURERS,  JOBBERS  AND  RETAILERS  OF 

iirs  risiiisiis  siiii. 

A  complete  assortment  always  on  hand,  and  offered  at  the 


SUPERIOR    SHIRTS    MADE   TO  ORDER. 


STIIES. 

3  Plait  Bosoms. 

i  Plait  Bosoms. 

T  Plait  Bosoms. 

9  Plait  Bosoms. 
11  Plait  Bosoms. 
13  Plait  Bosoms. 
Fine  French  Bosoms. 


STYLES. 

Cross  Plait  Bosoms. 
Diagonal  Plait  Bosoma. 
Ruffle  Bosoms. 
Marseilles  Bosoms. 
Embroidered  Bosoms- 
Fancy  Cbmbric   do. 
Fancy  Linen        do. 


WE  WOULD  INVITE  PARTICULAR  ATTENTION  TO  OUR 

The  reputation  this  establishment  has  already  acquired  is  evidence  of  their  superior- 
ity.   Our  arrangements  for  manufacturing  are  complete,  which  enables 
us  to  meet  all  orders  promptly,  and  in  every  instance  we  war- 
rant tatis faction.    A  full  line  of  samples  on  hand, 
to  which  we  solicit  an  examination. 

LITCHFIELD  &  DOTLE,  97  WiUiam  Street, 

(Old  Stand,  Established  in  18S4,)  between  Maiden  Lane  and  Jolin  St&.,  New  York. 

149 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  I49 

Hence,  a  bank  in  the  city  to  which  a  package  of  money  is  sent  by 
bankers  in  the  country,  by  Express,  being  considered  the  owner 
of  the  money,  may  authorize  the  same  to  be  delivered  at  the  of- 
fice of  the  Express  Company,  or  at  any  other  place  in  the  city, 
to  any  person  it  may  select;  and  the  Express  Company,  on  mak- 
ing such  a  delivery,  will  be  discharged  of  their  obligation  in  re- 
spect to  the  delivery,  whether,  their  obligation  be  that  of  common 
carriers  or  of  forwarders  only. 

The  substance  and  spirit  of  what  the  persons  sending  the  money, 
under  such  circumstances,  exact,  and  the  Express  Company  un- 
dertake, in  regard  to  a  delivery,  is,  that  there  shall  be  such  a 
delivery  in  the  city  as  will  charge  the  bank  there  with  the  re- 
ceipt of  the  money,  as  between  it  and  the  persons  sending  it. 

Where  a  package  of  money  thus  sent  is  directed  to  a  bank  in  the 
City  of  New  York,  at  its  usual  place  of  business,  it  is  the  duty  of 
the  Express  Company — in  the  absence  of  any  authority  from  the 
bank  for  a  different  mode  of  delivery — to  deliver  the  package  at 
the  banking  office,  to  the  officer  or  clerk  whose  business  it  is  to 
receive  money  for  the  bank. 

And  if  it  appears  that  it  is  the  usual  course  of  business  of  the  Ex- 
press Company  to  deUver  money  packages  according  to  their 
address,  it  will  be  assumed  that  any  particular  package  was  de- 
livered to  and  received  by  the  Company  in  any  reference  to  that 
practice,  where  there  is  no  express  contract  in  regard  to  the 
place  of  delivery,  or  the  officer  or  person  to  whem  the  delivery 
shall  be  made. 

In  case  of  a  package  of  money  sent  by  country  bankers  to  a  bank 
in  the  City  of  New  York,  directed  to  it  at  its  place  of  business, 
only  a  delivery  at  the  office,  to  the  proper  officer  of  the  bank, 
will  be  a  delivery  according  to  the  address  on  the  package,  or 
which  will  charge  the  bank  with  the  money. 

But  a  delivery  at  the  banking  office  to  the  general  receiving  agent, 
being  for  the  benefit  of  the  bank  alone,  the  bank  may  waive  the 
same,  and  receive  the  money  at  a  different  place  in  the  city,  and 
by  a  different  agent,  and  the  Express  Company  be  thereby  dis- 
charged from  liability. 
15* 


150  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

The  delivery  of  the  money  by  the  Express  Company,  at  their  of- 
fice, to  a  person  usually  employed  as  a  porter  at  the  bank,  being 
insuflBcient,  unless  it  was  authorized  by  the  bank,  it  is  incumbent 
on  the  Company,  for  their  defense,  to  prove  such  authority. 
This  may  be  direct  and  express,  or  implied  from  the  acts  of  the 
porter,  such  as  receiving  money  for  the  bank,  on  other  occasions, 
at  the  Express  office,  sent  to  it  in  a  similar  way  and  with  a  sim- 
ilar address  as  that  in  question,  with  the  knowledge  and  assent 
of  the  bank. 

Appeal  from  a  judgment  entered  at  a  special 
term,  after  a  trial  at  the  circuit.  In  November, 
1854,  the  plaintiffs,  being  bankers  in  Livingston 
County,  sent  by  the  United  States  Express  Compa- 
ny, of  which  the  defendant  was  president,  a  sealed 
package  of  bank  bills,  directed  on  the  cover  to 
•'People's  Bank,  173  Canal  Street,  New  York." 
The  agent  of  the  Express  Company,  on  receiving 
the  package  in  Livingston  County,  gave  the  follow- 
ing receipt: 

"United  States  Express  Company, 

"  Office,  No.  82  Broadway,  New  York. 
"Nov.  18,  1854. 
"  S.  Sweet  &  Co.  have  delivered  to  us  one  package 
money,  marked  as  follows:  'People's  Bank,  173  Ca- 
nal Street,  N.  Y.,'  and  said  to  contain  twenty-eight 
hundred  and  ninety-two  dollars,  which  we  under- 
take to  forward  to  New  York,  or  to  the  nearest 
agency  of  this  Company  only,  perils  of  navigation 
excepted.  And  it  is  hereby  expressly  agreed  that 
said  United  States  Express  Company  are  not  to  be 
held  liable  for  any  loss  or  damage,  except  as  for- 
warders only;  nor  for  any  loss  or  damage  of  any 
box,  package  or  thing,  for  over  $150,  unless  the 
just  and  true  value  thereof  is  herein  stated;  nor  for 


WM.  SIMMONS,  (late  of  564  Broadway,)  Importer,  Manufacturer  and  Wholesale 

Dealer  in  MILLINERY  AND  STRAW  GOODS,  No.  637  Broadway,  up 

stairs,  New  York. 


UNION  ADAMS,  MANUFACTURER  OF  SHIRTS  AND  HOSIERY  TO  ORDER, 


150 


NEW  YORK  MACHINERY  DEPOT. 


STEVENS,  BHOTHEH  &  CO., 

No.  222  Pearl  Street,  New  York, 

Uanufactnrers  and  Sealers  in  every  description  of 


I 


J^NJD    BOILERS, 


And  all   other  Wood  Working   MachincL^,  of  the  latest  improvements. 
Every  size,  kind,  and  quality  of 

LMES,  PMIRS,  DRILLS,  BOLT  CUTTERS,  &C.,  M. 

SUPERIOR  BELTING,  (Leather  and  Rubber,) 

ff/lffff/r  AND  OTHER  COMPOSITION  METALS, 

with  every  article  wanted  in  a  Machine  Shop. 


SOLE   MANUFACTURERS    OF 

13.     IDIOXS.  '  IS 

CELEBRATED  ANTI-FRICTION 

iiliii,  PiiilEi  ill  PiliiES. 

the  most  effective,  economical  and  labor-saving  machines  in  the  world. 

S.  B.  &  Co.  possessing  great  advantages  in  manufacturing  and  in  supplying  them- 
selves with  Machinery,  &c.,  pledge  themselves  to  fill  all  orders  sent  {o  them  at  prices 
that  cannot  but  give  satisfaction  to  all  who  favor  them  with  their  business. 

TERMS  CASH.  We  charge  no  extra  profit  for  risks  of  credit.  We  give  full  value 
for  the  money,  and  deal  honestly  with  all. 

151 


EXPRESS      HISTORY.  151 

any  loss  or  damage  by  fire;  nor  upon  any  property 
or  thing  unless  properly  packed  and  secured  for 
transportation;  nor  upon  frail  fabrics,  unless  so 
marked  upon  the  package  containmg  the  same;  nor 
upon  any  fabrics  consisting  of  or  contained  in  glass. 

**For  the  proprietors,     W.  W.  Finch,  Agt. 
"  Contents  unknown." 

This  action  was  brought  to  recover  damages  for 
the  non-delivery  of  the  package.  The  answer  ad- 
mitted the  receipt  of  a  package  from  S.  Sweet  & 
Co.,  directed  to  the  "People's  Bank,  173  Canal 
Street,  New  York,"  on  the  day  aforesaid,  but  de- 
nied any  knowledge  or  information  of  its  contents, 
and  put  in  issue  the  residue  of  the  complaint.  The 
defense  set  up  in  the  answer  was,  in  substance,  1. 
That  the  defendants  were  not  common  carriers,  but 
Express  forwarders;  that  their  undertaking  was 
evidenced  by  the  receipt  delivered  by  them  at  the 
time  of  receiving  the  package;  that  such  paper  cre- 
ated an  obligation  only  to  transport  to  New  York, 
which  was  done,  but  not  to  deliver  the  same  at  the 
bank,  or  to  the  officers  thereof,  and  averred  a  de- 
livery. The  cause  came  on  for  trial  at  the  Liv- 
ingston circuit,  before  Mr.  Justice  Johnson,  and  a 
jury,  on  the  9th  of  October,  1855.  The  plaintiff 
proved  the  receipt  of  the  package  by  the  defend- 
ants; that  it  contained  bank  notes;  that  the  plaint- 
iffs had  not  received  the  package  or  the  proceeds 
thereof  It  was  also  proved  that  the  Express  Com- 
pany forwarded  the  package  to  their  office  in  New 
York.  On  its  arrival,  (on  20th  November,)  a  per- 
son named  Messenger,  in  the  employ  of  the  Peo- 
ple's Bank,  called  for  it,  received  it  there,  aiid  gave 
a  receipt  for  it  in  the  book  of  the  Company.     The 


152  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

book  showed  that  he  had  thus  received  and  receipt- 
ed for  the  bank  every  package  directed  to  it,  and 
carried  by  the  Company  during  that  month;  this 
being  the  tenth  in  number.  It  was  further  shown 
that  this  Messenger  had  received  for  the  six  previ- 
ous months  more  than  half  of  the  packages  intend- 
ed for  the  bank;  that  this  mode  of  deUvery  to  him 
was  adopted  at  the  request  of  the  officers  of  the 
bank;  that  it  was  for  their  accommodation,  and  not 
for  that  of  the  Express  Company;  that  packages  so 
delivered  had  been  regularly  credited  by  the  bank, 
and  no  exception  taken.  This  package  thus  deliv- 
ered to  Messenger  was  stolen  from  him  before  he 
got  to  the  banking  house.  The  bank  then,  for  the 
first  time,  disowned  the  agency  of  Messenger,  and 
indemnified  the  plaintiffs. 

The  counsel  for  the  defendants  offered  to  show 
that  John  J.  Messenger  was  in  the  habit  of  receiv- 
ing from  the  defendants  packages  of  money  ad- 
dressed to  the  bank,  and  did  such  other  acts  out  of 
the  bank;  that  a  delivery  to  him  at  places  other 
than  at  the  bank  was  a  good  delivery  to  the  bank. 
The  counsel  for  the  plaintiffs  objected  to  any  evi- 
dence of  the  acts  of  Messenger  at  places  other  than 
at  the  bank,  or  of  a  deUvery  to  him  at  such  places, 
by  the  defendants,  of  packages  of  money  addressed 
to  the  bank  as  a  delivery  to  the  bank,  unless  they 
showed  it  was  with  the  knowledge  and  authority  of 
the  bank.  The  court  overruled  the  objection,  and 
held  that  the  defendants  could  show  the  nature  and 
character  of  Messenger's  employment  and  acts  for 
the  bank  outside  the  banking  house;  and  could  in 
this  connection  show  the  delivery  by  the  defend- 
ants to  Messenger  at  places  other  than  at  the  bank- 
ing house  at  No.   173  Canal  Street,  at  different 


EVANS   ^   WATSON'S 

SALAMANDER  SAFE. 


Oswego,  N.  Y.,  March  27, 1860. 
_  Gentlemen— It  affords  me  much  pleasure  to  inform  you  that  the  Safe,  No.  5,  [upright,] 
which  I  purchashed  of  B.  Stroud,  your  tniveliug  agent,  has  passed  through  an  exceediugly 
hot  lire,  in  a  three  story  brick  building,  which  heated  the  Safe  to  a  white  heat,  so  that  the 
corners  of  it  appeared  melted;  but  it  jjreserved  my  books  and  valuable  papers  to  the  amount 
of  several  thousand  dollars,  for  which  1  feel  thauktul. 

Yours,  respectfully,  J.  N.  ELDRIDGE. 

El  &  W»  haFC  a  lar^e  assortment  of  Salamander  Safes, 

AT  THEIE  STORE, 

JVo.  304  €lie§tnut  St.,  Pliiladelpliia,  Pa. 


GREAT  FIRE-AN OTHER  TRIUMPH  I 

IvNOxviLLE,  Tennessee,  March  13, 1859. 
Messrs.  Evans  &  Watson,  Phila.:  Gentlemen— It  atfords  me  great  pleasure  to  say  to  you 
that  the  Salamander  Safe,  which  I  purcliased  of  you  in  February,  Inos,  proved  to  be  what  you 
recommended  it — a  sure  protection  from  fire.  My  storehouse,  together  with  several  others, 
was  burntd  to  the  ground  in  March  last.  The  Sate  fell  through  into  the  cellar,  and  was  ex- 
posed to  intense  heat  for  six  or  eight  hours,  and  when  it  was  taken  from  the  ruins  and  open- 
ed, all  its  contents  were  found  to  be  in  a  perfect  state,  the  books  and  papers  not  being  injured, 
any  whatever.  I  can  cheerfully  recommend  your  Safes  to  the  community,  believing  as  I  do/ 
that  they  are  as  near  Qre-prool'  as  it  is  possible  for  any  Safe  to  be  made.    THOS.  J.  POWELL. 


Xjxst   of    X=Le»fex*exi.oes : 


United  States  Mint,  Philadelphia. 

do  Arwpuals,  Philu.  and  California. 

do  Navy,  Steain.-iliip  t^u.squehanna. 

Germanfown  and  Norrislown  K.  R.  Co.,  4  Safes. 
Pennsylvania  R.  R.  Co.,  20  Safes, 
City  Comptroller. 
Odd  Fellow.s'  Hall.  Sixth  St. 
Nat.  Fund  and  Loan  Asso.,  3d  and  Walnut  Sts. 
Phila..  Wilming  on  and  Bait.  R.  R.  Co.,  16  Safes. 
United  Stale.s  Ouarterniaster. 
Pennsylvania  Blind  Society. 
Masonic  Grand  Lodge,  Chestnut  St. 
City  Bank  of  Philailelphia. 
Consolidation  B&ak,  Philadelphia. 


Southwestern  Rank,  Virginia. 
Bank  of  Jersey  Shore,  Penn. 

do      Stroudsburg.     do 

do      Newark,  Delaware. 

do     Fulton,  Atlanta,  Geo. 

do      Goldsborough,  N.  C. 

do      Salisbury,  do 

Lewisburg  Bank,  Penn. 
Bank  of  Raleigh,  N.  C. 

do      Phoenixville,  Penn. 

do      Catasauqua,      do 

do      Chester  Valley,  do 
Commonwealth  Bank,  Philad«lphift. 
Bank  of  Fottstown. 


152 


A..  H.  RITCHIE, 

ANO    OTHHK 

IK   THE   BEST   STYLE    OP  THE   ART. 
(See  Portrait  of  A Tj TIN  AI>A!T18,  iu  this  Book,  opposite  page.) 

Steel  and  Copper-plate  Printing  carefdlly  executed, 

443  BROADWAY,  IVEW  YORK. 


442    BROADW^AY,  NEW   YORK, 

Have  recently  issued  the  following  Engravings,  illustrating  events  in 

AMERICAN    HISTORY. 

Engraved  by  iUr.  A.  H.  Ritchie. 

"Washington  akd  his  Generals."    Illustrating  a  congratulatory  meeting  after  the  War, 
of  Washington  with  some  /or/j/  other  Officers  of  the  Revolutionary  Army. 
Size  40x30  inches.    Subscription  Price  Ten  Dollars. 

•'  The  Triumph  op  Patriotism.'' — Representing  Washington's  Triumphal  Entry  into  New 
York  after  the  Evacuation  by  the  British.  From  an  original  drawing  by  F.  0-  C. 
Darley,  N.  A. 

Size  40x30  inches.    Subscription  Price  Ten  Dollars. 

"  The  First  Blow  for  Liberty." — Representing  the  Retreat  of  the   Royal  Troops  from 
Lexington,  pursued  by  the  Patriots,  19th  of  April,  1775.    From  a  drawing  by  Darley. 
Size  36x26  inches.    Subscription  Price  Five  Dollars. 

"  Columbus  and  his  Companions,"  returning  to  Cadiz  in  Chains.  From  the  original  Paint- 
ing by  E.  Leutze. 

Size  30x22  inches.    Subscription  Price  Three  Dollars. 

"  General  Andrew  Jackson."— PuU-length  Portrait.  Uniform  in  size  and  style  with  the 
full-length  of  Washington. 

••  Clay  and  Calhoun."-— Size  34x26  inches.    Subscription  Price  Three  Dollars. 

153 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  163 

times,  of  packages  of  money  addressed  to  the  Peo- 
ple's Bank,  173  Canal  Street,  and  which  afterwards 
came  into  the  possession  of  the  bank,  and  were 
treated  by  it  as  regularly  received  and  delivered; 
and  it  would  be  a  question  of  fact  for  the  jury  to 
determine  on  such  evidence  whether  the  same  was 
with  the  knowledge  and  authority  of  the  bank,  and 
if  so,  it  was  a  good  delivery  to  the  bank;  to  which 
rulings  of  his  honor  the  judge,  the  counsel  for  the 
plaintiffs  excepted. 

At  the  close  of  the  testimony,  the  jury  brought 
in  a  verdict  for  the  defendants. 

/.  W.  Gilbert,  for  the  appellants. 

0.  Hastings,  for  the  respondents. 

%  the  Court,  T.  R.  Strong,  J.  The  plaintiffs 
were  bankers  at  Dansville;  and  the  People's  Bank, 
to  which  the  package  of  money  was  addressed,  was 
the  corresponding  bank  of  the  plaintiffs  in  the  City  of 
New  York.  The  package  was  delivered  to  the  de- 
fendants, as  expressed  in  the  receipt,  **  to  forward  to 
New  York;"  and  the  legal  inference  from  this  rela- 
tion between  the  plaintiffs  and  the  People's  Bank, 
and  the  sending  of  the  money,  in  the  absence  of 
other  evidence  on  the  subject,  is  that  the  money  was 
sent  as  a  payment,  either  upon  a  pre-existing  debt 
to,  or  to  purchase  a  credit  at  that  bank,  as  a  pro- 
vision for  drafts.  Prima  facie,  a  person  receiving 
money  is  entitled  to  it,  and  does  not  become  a  debt- 
or to  the  person  delivering  it;  some  evidence  in 
explanation  of  the  transaction  is  necessary,  to 
establish  a  liability  by  the  receipt  of  the  money. 
( Welch  V.  Seaborn,  1  ^tarh.  R.  474.  Bogert  v.  Morse, 
1  Comst.  377.)  In  that  view  the  People's  Bank,  on 
the   receipt  of  the  money,  would  be  the  owners 


154  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

of  it;  and  no  good  reason  is  perceived  why  the 
bank  might  not  authorize  a  delivery  of  the  money 
at  the  office  of  the  defendants  in  New  York  to  any 
person  it  might  select;  and  the  defendants,  on 
making  such  a  delivery,  be  discharged  of  their 
obligation  in  respect  to  the  delivery,  whether  their 
obligation  was  that  of  common  carriers,  or,  as 
stipulated  in  the  receipt,  ''forwarders  only."  The 
substance  and  spirit  of  what  the  plaintiffs  exacted, 
and  the  defendants  undertook,  in  regard  to  a  de- 
livery, was  that  there  should  be  such  a  delivery  in 
New  York  as  would  charge  the  bank  there  with  the 
receipt  of  the  money  as  between  it  and  the  plaintiffs. 
The  plaintiffs  were  only  interested  that  there  should 
be  such  a  delivery;  that  the  purpose  of  a  payment 
or  purchase  of  credit  should  be  effected;  beyond 
that  the  bank  was  solely  interested,  and  might,  with 
the  defendants'  consent,  direct  on  the  subject  as  it 
should  think  proper.  It  might  with  such  consent 
direct  the  defendants  to  deliver  to  any  person,  at 
any  store  or  place  in  the  city  other  than  its  prin- 
cipal office  or  place  of  business,  having  regard  to  its 
own  interests  or  convenience,  or  even  the  conven- 
ience of  the  defendants. 

Independent  of  authority  from  the  People's  Bank 
for  a  different  mode  of  delivery,  it  was  doubtless 
necessary  in  this  case  to  deliver  the  money  at  the 
banking  office,  to  the  officer  or  clerk  whose  business 
it  was  to  receive  money  for  the  bank.  The  course 
of  business  of  the  defendants  was  to  deliver  money 
packages  for  that  city  according  to  their  address, 
and  it  must  be  assumed  that  the  one  in  question 
was  delivered  to  and  received  by  the  defendants  in 
reference  to  that  practice,  there  being  no  express 
contract  in  regard  to  the  place  of  dehvery,  or  the 


J^O  YE  S' 


Designed  for  (he  Saving  of  the  Fuel  used  for  Steam  Boilers  bv 
controlling  the  Draft  iu  the  Flue  or  Chimney. 

upon  the'pisron  in  S"     'T '  ^"7  "^  '^  P^""'™  ^''^^e, )  which  operates 
upoD  the  piston  m  the  machine;  the  Governor  havinff  a  lever  anrt  h,Il 
same  as  a  pa  r  of  steclvarHs-  tho  B„ii  k  •         .  .  ™"' 

where  it  wHI  i„.f  ,   ,   '^"'^''  *''\^''"  ''«"'g  ^^t  "Pon  the  Lever  at  a  point 

the  throttle  to  govern  the  speed  of  the  Engine 

The  saving  of  fuel  varies  from  10  to  15  per  cent.,  and  the  cost  of  th« 
Governor  varies  from  $60  to  $100.  ^ 

WILLIAM    NOYES, 

GENERAL  AGENT, 

219  Centre  Street,  New  York. 

154 


RICHARD   MURPHY, 

1050,   1052   and  1054  BROADWAY, 

Botween  29th  and  30th  Streets, 

AKD 

Nos.  26  and  28  WEST  30th  STREET, 

Between  Broad^vay  and  Fifth  Arenuc, 

i t  ^»m  ^ 

ALWAYS  ON  HAND  THE  FINEST  ASSORTiMENT  OF 

MARBLE  MANTELS 

to  be  found  in  the  City;  comprising  all  the  choice 

FOREIGI  il  AlERlCAl  lARBLES 

now  in  use.     Also, 

MONUMENTS, 

HEADSTONES, 

PLUMBERS'  TOPS, 

TILING  AND  TABLE  TOPS. 


Also,  Blocks,  Slabs,  and  Tiles  cut  to  sizes  and  shipped  to  any  part  of 
the  country. 

155 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  155 

officer  or  person  to  whom  the  delivery  should  be 
made.  The  legal  dut}^  of  the  defendants  was  there- 
fore to  deliver  according  to  their  usual  course  of 
business;  and  so  far  as  there  was  any  implied  con- 
tract, it  arose  out  of  and  corresponded  with  this 
legal  obligation.  Only  a  delivery  at  the  office,  to 
the  proper  officer  of  the  bank,  would  be  a  delivery 
According  to  the  address  on  the  package,  or  which 
would  charge  the  bank  with  the  money.  But,  as 
already  stated,  I  think  the  bank  might  receive  the 
money  at  a  different  place  in  the  city,  and  by  a  dif- 
ferent agent,  and  the  defendants  be  thereby  dis- 
charged from  liability.  A  delivery  at  the  banking 
office,  to  the  general  receiving  agent,  was  for  the 
benefit  of  the  bank  alone,  which  the  bank  might 
waive,  and  substitute  another  place  and  agent. 
Any  mode  of  delivery  in  New  York,  consistent  with 
the  object  and  intent  of  the  plaintiffs  in  sending  the 
money,  assented  to  by  the  bank,  would  discharge 
the  duty  of  the  defendants  as  to  a  delivery  of  the 
money. 

The  delivery  of  the  money  by  the  defendants  at 
their  office  in  New  York,  to  a  person  usually  em- 
ployed as  a  porter  of  the  People's  Bank,  being  in- 
sufficient unless  it  was  authorized  by  the  bank,  it 
was  incumbent  on  the  defendants  for  their  defense 
to  prove  such  authority.  The  authority  might  be 
direct  and  express,  or  implied  from  the  acts  of  the 
person  who  received  the  money,  such  as  receiving 
money  for  the  bank  on  other  occasions,  at  the  de- 
fendants' office,  sent  to  it  in  a  similar  way  and  with 
a  similar  address  as  that  in  question,  acquiesced  in 
by  the  bank.  {Conover  v.  Mut.  Ins.  Co.,  1  Comst. 
290.  Story  on  Ag.  §§  54  to  56,  84  to  123.)  In  the 
present  case  the  defendants  relied,  in  support  of 


156  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

such  authority,  upon  presumptive  evidence,  con- 
sisting of  a  series  of  similar  acts  by  the  alleged 
agent,  without,  so  far  as  appears,  any  objection,  or 
even  inquiries  by  the  bank  at  any  time,  where  the 
money  was  received.  Looking  at  the  charge  to  the 
jury  in  connection  with  the  questions  of  evidence 
raised,  I  think  the  plaintiffs  have  no  substantial 
ground  for  complaint  as  to  the  reception  of  evi- 
dence on  that  subject;  and  I  am  satisfied  there  was 
sufficient  evidence  of  such  acts  as  above  referred  to, 
and  the  knowledge  of  and  acquiescence  therein  by 
the  bank,  to  call  for  the  submission  of  the  question 
of  agency  to  the  jury.  As  to  such  knowledge  by 
the  bank,  it  must  have  been  possessed  by  it,  unless 
its  officers  were  guilty  of  the  grossest  negligence  in 
omitting  to  inquire  how  the  money  was  received; 
and  if  they  knew  it  was  delivered  at  the  defendants' 
office  for  them,  they  must,  in  the  absence  of  evi- 
dence that  they  objected,  be  deemed  to  have  assent- 
ed to  the  practice  of  the  defendants  to  make  such 
a  delivery. 

I  see  no  error  in  the  charge  or  refusals  to  charge, 
and  am  of  opinion  the  judgment  should  be  affirmed. 

Note. — The  foregoing  reports  of  Judicial  Decisions  are  extract- 
ed from  the  following  named  law  books,  for  sale  by  Halsted  &  Co., 
Law  Booksellers,  No.  1  Nassau  Street,  New  York.  Russell  & 
Annis  v.  Livingston  &  Wells,  vide  Smith's  New  York  Reports, 
Court  of  Appeals,  vol.  2,  p.  515.  Holford  v.  Adams  &  Co.,  vide 
Duer's  Reports,  New  York  Superior  Court,  vol.  2,  p.  471.  Louis 
Newstadt  v.  Alvin  Adams  and  others,  vide  Oner's  Reports,  New 
York  Superior  Court,  vol.  5,  p.  13.  Sweet  &  Faulkner  v.  Bar- 
ney, vide  Barbour's  Reports,  New  York  Supreme  Court,  vol.  2i, 
p.  533. 


STATIONERS'  WAREHOUSE, 

75  John  Street,  N.  ¥. 


IMPORTERS  AND  DEALERS  IN 


Jforeign  atii  Jomestic  ^tati0ner2t 


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^  Thos.  De  la  Rue  &  Co. 

iii^-.r  A.  Pirie  &  Sons. 

~  ■  Moinier. 


Turner, 


3^Htx  fap^rs. 


Fellows, 


Pirie. 


iratoing  |apm» 

Whatman, 

HoUingsworth, 

Waterston's  Prize  Medal  Sealing 
Wax. 

Dowsers  Patent  Tracing  Linen. 

Arnold's  Fluid  and  Copying  Ink, 
Ac,  &c. 


Sole  Agents  for  Draper's  Patent  Air-Tight  Inkstand. 

We  are  now  adding  to  our  stock,  hy  every  arrival  from  France  and  England,  all  the  novelties,  in 
the  way  of  STAPLE  and  FANCY  STATIONERY,  that  are  produced  in  the  European  markets,  which,  to- 
gether with  our  choice  and  well-selected  stock  of  Goods  of  this  year's  importation,  we  are  now  offering 
on  better  terms  than  ever  heretofore.  The  very  favorable  arrangements  we  have  made  with  European 
factors  will  enable  us  to  offer  to  buyeri  from  all  parts  of  the  country  a  large  and  fresh  stock  of  goods  at 
very  low  prices. 

We  would  take  this  opportunity  of  returning  thanks  to  our  old  friends  in  the  Trade  for  their 
favors  so  liberally  bestowed  heretofore,  and  trust  that  we  shall  still  receive  their  patronage.  Wo  respect- 
fully request  of  buyers  an  inspection  of  our  stock,  before  making  their  purchases  elsewhere. 

4»"0ur  ILLUSTRATED  TRADE  CATALOGUE  will  be  sent  free,  by  mail,  on  application. 


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Remember^  75  John  iSt. 

156 


The  Old  Stand. 


CYRUS   W.    FIELD    &    CO., 

WHOLESALE! 


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15t 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  157 

SUPREME  COURT— SPECIAL  TERM. 

Before  Hon.  Judge  Morris. 

Liabilities  of  Express  Companies  as  Common  Carriers. 

Feb.  13. — Herman  Hersfield  and  others  vs.  A.  Adams  Sf  Co, 
The  plaintiffs  are  partners,  merchants,  having  a  house  at  New 
York  and  another  at  Sau  Francisco. 

The  defendants  are  partners,  transacting  Express  business,  the 
forwarding  and  care  of  packages  for  hire  from  the  City  of  New 
York  to  San  Francisco,  in  California.  The  defendants  do  not 
own  any  of  the  means  (vessels  and  boats)  of  transportation  be- 
tween New  York  and  Sau  Francisco,  neither  are  they  in  any 
manner  interested  in  them,  or  have  they  the  least  management  or 
control  of  them,  either  in  person  or  by  agents.  The  packages 
which  the  defcnaants  expressed  to  San  Francisco,  they  have  con- 
veyed in  their  own  name  from  place  to  place,  in  the  vessels  and 
conveyances  owned  by  others,  plying  upon  the  route  between  the 
two  cities,  used  in  common  by  the  community.  The  plaintiffs  on 
the  28th  day  of  August,  1850,  delivered  to  the  defendants  two 
trunks  containing  clothing,  worth  $2,025  loo,  to  be  forwarded  and 
transported  by  the  defendants  to  San  Francisco,  to  Mr.  Burnett, 
the  house  of  the  plaintiffs,  to  be  sold  for  plaintiffs  and  on  their 
account.  The  trunks  were  properly  protected  with  canvass.  The 
plaintiffs  paid  to  the  defendants  $219  75  compensation  for  for- 
warding and  transporting  the  trunks.  The  defendants,  upon  the 
receipt  of  the  trunks  and  the  money,  gave  the  plaintiffs  the  fol- 
lowing receipt: 

Adams  &  Co's  New  York  and  California  Package  ) 
Express.— New  York,  Aug.  28,  1850.      J 

Received  from  HersBeld,  Burnett  &  Back,  in  apparent  good 
order,  to  be  transported  by  our  express,  the  following  articles, 
marked  as  below,  which  we  promise  to  forward  in  like  order,  sub- 
ject to  the  agreement  now  made,  to  Mr.  Burnett,  at  San  Fran- 
cisco. It  is  agreed,  and  is  part  of  the  consideration  of  this  con- 
tract, that  we  are  not  to  be  responsible  for  any  loss  or  damage 
arising  from  the  dangers  of  ocean  or  river  navigation,  leakage, 
fire,  or  from  any  cause  whatever,  unless  the  same  be  jiroved  to 
have  occurred  from  the  fraud  or  gross  negligence  of  ourselves,  our 
agents  or  servants;  and  we  are  in  no  event  to  be  made  liable  be- 
yond our  route  as  herein  receipted,  value  under  $100,  unless  oth- 
erwise herein  stated.  Freight  paid  here  $219  75 — marked  [N3,] 
*50.51.  Packages — two  trunks.  San  Francisco.  For  Adams 
&  Co.  COBB. 

The  defendants  shipped  the  trunks  on  board  one  of  the  steam- 
ers plying  between  New  York  and  Chagres  in  their  own  name, 


168  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

and  paid  the  freight  on  them,  tlie  truuks  arriving  safely  at  Cha- 
gres.  On  the  9th  of  September,  1850,  the  defendants  shipped 
these  trunks  in  their  own  name,  paying  freight  for  them,  on  board 
of  a  flatboat,  Capt.  Thomas  Angels,  for  Cruces,  on  the  route  to 
San  Francisco,  which  was  the  usual  conveyance.  The  boat  arriv- 
ed safely  at  a  point  upon  the  Chagres  River  below  the  town  of 
Varmos,  on  the  evening  of  the  12th  of  September,  1850.  The 
night  was  dark,  and  the  river  was  rising  rapidly.  Capt.  Angela 
deemed  it  imprudent  to  proceed,  and  made  the  boat  fast  at  the 
bank  of  the  river.  At  1  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  the  ]  3th  of 
September,  it  was  discovered  that  the  boat  was  leaking,  owing 
to  the  springing  of  a  plank,  produced  by  the  pressure  of  the  cur- 
rent and  the  drift  wood  passing  down  the  river,  and  not  by  any 
insuflBciency  of  the  boat  or  neglect  of  master  or  crew.  Captain 
and  crew  made  every  effort  to  prevent  the  boat  sinking;  but  the 
pressure  of  the  current  caused  the  boat  to  careen,  and  she  sunk. 
Captain  and  crew  exerted  themselves  to  save  the  cargo;  they  got 
much  of  it  on  the  bank,  and  among  it  the  trunks  in  question,  and 
then  the  crew  deserted.  The  master  of  the  boat  reshipped  to 
Chagres  the  trunks  in  question,  and  other  packages  saved  from 
the  flatboat.  On  the  26th  of  September,  1850,  Captain  Angels 
called  upon  three  respectable  merchants  of  Chagres  to  survey  the 
packages  saved  from  the  flatboat,  and  among  them  the  trunks  in 
question.  The  surveyors  considered  the  trunks  in  question  and 
their  contents  as  being  damaged  and  unmerchantable.  They 
signed  a  certificate  to  that  effect,  advising  that  they  should  be 
sold.  The  conduct  of  the  captain  and  the  surveyors  was  honest. 
On  the  21st  of  September,  1850,  the  trunks  and  goods  in  ques- 
tion were  sold  by  Capt.  Angels  at  public  auction,  and  were  pur- 
chased by  W.  Porter,  the  highest  bidder,  for  $350.  The  sum 
($350)  was  afterwards  remitted  to  the  defendants  at  New  York, 
and  was  received  by  them.  The  goods  from  the  two  trunks  were 
sent  by  Mr.  Porter  to  San  Francisco,  and  sold  by  him  for  $2,000. 
There  was  a  semi-monthly  means  of  transportation  from  Chagres 
to  San  Francisco.  The  goods  were  never  forwarded  to  Mr.  Bur- 
nett. There  was  a  semi-monthly  means  of  communication  between 
Chagres  and  New  York.  The  plaintiffs  were  not  notified  of  the 
accident  or  of  the  sale.  The  defendants  have  offered  judgment 
for  $569  75,  being  the  amount  for  which  the  trunks  and  goods 
sold  at  Chagres,  and  the  amount  of  freight  paid  in  advance,  and 
interest  on  both  sums.  There  is  no  pretence  that  fraud  has  been 
committed  by  the  defendants  or  their  agents,  or  that  defendants 
or  their  agents  knew  of  the  accident  or  of  the  sale,  until  informed 
of  both,  at  New  York,  by  the  receipt  of  the  amount  of  sale  trans- 
mitted to  them. 

Morris,  Justice. — The  defendants  in  this  case,  not  being  own- 


NEW    HAVEN,    CONN. 
is^  j^  1<T  TJ  F  .A^  C^  rr  TJ  Tl  JEIJ^  &     OF 

WHEELS  AND  WHEEL  STUFFS, 

OF    EVERT    DESCRIPTION.  ' 

SPOKES,  FINISHED  AND  UNFINISHED. 

Hy§i,  iiiii,  sAWEi  rELLiEi, 

SPRING  BAES,  PLAIN  AND  CARVED, 


WllFfLITlIi 


On  hand  and  made  to  order,  of  the  best  Eastern  timber. 

Also,  Manufacturers  of  SARVEN'S  PATENT  WHEEL, 

which  for  lightness  and  durability  excel  all  other  wheels  made. 


'©> 


New  Haven,  May  16(h,  1860. 
I,  James  D.  Sarvcn.  hereby  certify  that  the  NEW  HAVEN  WHEEL  CO.,  per  Henry  G.  Lewis, 
Secretary,  and  Messrs.  WOODBURN  &  SCOTT,  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  have  the  exclusive  right  to 
manufacture  my  PATENT  WHEEL  and  sell  the  same  as  an  article  of  merchandise  to  those  not 
owning  shop  rights.  JAMES  D.  SARVEN. 


For  particulars  in  regard  to  the  Patent  Wheel,  or  shop  rights,  address  either  of  the 
parties. 

HENRY  G.  LEWIS,  Secretary. 

158 


'  FUNSTON  &  SGOFIELD, 


AGENTS    FOR 


G.  A.  LILLIENDAHL'S 


WiM^M^%WS^M 


I 


Osk^ 


■ 


DEPOT 


Torpedoes,  Fire  Crackers,  Joss-Sticks,  &c. 


159 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  159 

ers  of  or  interested  in  the  vessels  and  boats  in  which  these  trunks 
were  to  be  conveyed  between  New  York  and  San  Francisco,  were 
not  common  carriers,  and  are  not  liable  as  such. 

The  defendants  are  bailees  for  hire  to  receive  these  trunks  at, 
and  to  forward  them  from  and  to,  place  to  place,  to  destination, 
by  the  ordinary  and  approved  means  of  conveyance,  and  had  a 
legal  right  to  define  the  extent  of  their  liability. 

By  the  contract  in  this  case  defendants  obligated  themselves  to 
deliver  the  trunks  and  contents  specified  to  Mr.  Burnett,  at  San 
Francisco.  They  were  not  to  be  liable  "for  any  loss  or  damage 
arising  from  dangers  of  the  ocean  or  river  navigation,  leakage, 
fire,  or  from  any  cause  whatever,  unless  the  same  be  proved  to 
have  occurred  from  the  fraud. or  gross  negligence  of  the  defend- 
ants, their  agents  or  servants." 

In  this  case  it  is  established  that  up  to  the  time  when  Capt. 
Angels  and  his  crew  recovered  the  trunks  from  the  sunken  flat- 
boat  and  placed  them  upon  the  bank  of  the  river  Chagres,  there 
had  been  no  fraud  or  gross  negligence  by  the  defendants  or  their 
agent — consequently,  the  defendants  are  not  liable  for  any  dam- 
age that  had  occurred  up  to  that  period. 

The  only  remaining  question  is  whether,  according  to  the  spirit 
and  letter  of  the  defendants'  agreement  with  the  plaintiffs  under 
the  facts  proved,  they  or  their  agents  were  guilty  of  gross  negli- 
gence in  not  delivering  the  trunks  and  contents  in  their  damaged 
condition  to  Mr.  Burnett,  at  San  Francisco. 

The  defendants'  contract  must  be  construed  with  reference  to 
the  rights  and  obligations  of  other  persons  engaged  in  the  trans- 
portation of  these  trunks  to  and  with  the  plaintiffs. 

Capt.  Angels,  of  the  flatboat  on  the  river  Chagres,  was  a  com- 
mon carrier,  and  during  the  time  he  was  in  possession  of  the 
goods  was  responsible  to  the  plaintiffs  to  the  full  value  of  the 
trunks  and  contents — $2,025  09 — for  the  faithful  performance  of 
his  duty,  and  as  an  insurer,  and  for  all  his  legal  liability  as  com- 
mon carrier;  and  he  has  a  right,  for  the  purpose  of  saving  him- 
self harmless  of  legal  responsibility,  to  do  with  these  trunks  and 
contents  whatever  the  law  under  similar  circumstances  authorized 
common  carriers  to  do;  and  the  defendants,  under  the  authority 
contained  in  their  agreement,  had  no  power  to  prevent  it. 

In  addition  to  this,  the  defendants  and  their  agents  had  no 
knowledge  of  what  Capt.  Angels  was  doing. 

The  first  information  they  received  upon  that  subject  was  after 
he  had  sold  the  trunks  and  goods.  The  defendants,  therefore, 
have  not  been  guilty  of  negligence. 

There  must  be  judgment  for  plaintiffs  for  $50t  Y5,  being  the 
amount  for  which  the  defendants  offered  that  plaintiffs  might  take 
judgment,  (and  which  offer  must  control,)  with  costs  to  the  de- 
feiidants,  since  the  offer  of  judgment. 


EXPRESS     HISTORY. 


Symbols. 


The  symbol  long  adopted  by  the  American  Ex- 
press Company  was  the  picture  of  a  dog  guard- 
ing a  safe.  Their  new  building  upon  Hudson 
Street  is  adorned  with  a  fine  bas-relief  of  that  ap- 
propriate emblem  of  care  and  fidelity,  sculptured 
in  marble.  It  conveys  a  good  lesson  to  Express 
agents  and  messengers,  though  intended  mainly,  I 
presume,  as  a  figurative  assurance  to  the  public. 
A  symbol  less  felicitous,  used  by  an  Express  mana- 
ger for  a  year  or  two,  to  our  own  knowledge,  was 
a  greyhound  running  at  full  speed — intended  prob- 
ably to  indicate  dispatch.  Unfortunately  for  his 
customers  it  obtained  at  length  a  more  pregnant 
significance,  for  the  manager  himself  ran  away.  It 
only  wanted  a  sack  of  gold  on  the  back  of  the 
**  hound,"  to  render  the  picture  perfect. 

"Speaking  of  guns,"  another  Express  emblem, 
which  we  have  seen  somewhere,  is  a  deer,  going  at 
the  rate  of  1.20,  to  signify  speed.  It  had  too 
much  the  look  of  a  fugitive.  The  ancient  mytho- 
logical figure  of  Mercury,  with  wings  to  his  heels 
and  head,  has  been  used,  time  out  of  mind,  as  a 
,symbol  of  swift  messengers;  but  as  Mercury  was 
the  god  of  thieves,  it  applies  more  appropriately  to 
carriers  who  live  fast;  for  how  can  they,  with  their 
limited  salaries,  indulge  in  any  superfluities  without 
stealing? 

The  carrier-dove  is  not  much  better. 


Received  large  Silver  Medal  at  the  Fair  of  the  N.  Y.  State  Agricultural  Society, 

held  at  Albany,  Oct.,  1859;  also,  large  Silver  .^Tedal  at  the  Fair  of 

the  American  Institute,  New  York.  Nov.,  1859. 


:  FERGUSON.ALBJI/ir, 


The  peculiarities  of  thl«  Store  are,  the  advantages  it  possostii's  for  niollinB  orM<»ats,  Haking  Buckwheat  Cakes,  Roasting  and  Boil- 
ing Vegetables,  without  being  subjected  to  the  inconvenience  of  the  smoke  escaping  into  the  room.  The  above  view  Hhows  the  Rroil- 
Ing  and  Koustlng  Ovens,  witli  the  doors  thrown  open,  sliowing  In  the  Uroillng  Oven,  the  gridlion  in  Its  proper  place.  Wlieu  broiling, 
or  baking  (if  Buck  wlieat  Cakes  is  to  be  done,  the  ilaniper  luiudle.  A,  is  to  be  drawn  out.  wlilch  uncovers  a  liole  cut  in  the  top-plate  of  the 
Broiling  Oven,  ptoduriiig  a  drnrt  widcli  eOectually  carries  of  all  Bmokc  and  vapors  arising  during  tl>e  process.  The  Koasting  Oven  la 
rigged  with  a  spit  and  cog-wliecl,  C,  wluch  is  intended  to  regulate  the  roast.  The  draft  to  this  Oven  is  produced  by  means  of  the 
damper  E,  and  the  damper  placeil  at  tlie  bottom  of  the  said  oven  near  the  heartli,  in  front.  Tlie  nniin  oven  seen  at  the  left,  with  the 
doors  closed,  U  one  of  the  liest  ovens  for  baking  now  In  use,  possesBiug  advantages  whicli  claim  for  It  tlie  name  of  a  vast  improvement, 
tliere  Iwing  presented  to  tbe  oven  Ave  heating  surfaces;  there  being  a  fifth  Hue  lunning  tlie  whole  length  of  tlie  Stove  on  the  back, 
presenting  a  heatius  lurrace  to  the  back  of  the  main  oven,  as  well  as  tlie  two  .sides  and  top  and  bottom. 

E.  BACKUS  &  CO.,  Sole  Manufacturers,  233  "Water  St.,  N.  Y. 

160  [turn  over.] 


A-'l 


The  above  is  a  diagram  of  the  Combination  Stove  and  Range,  showing  the  course  of  the  flues, 
the  location  of  the  fire-box,  and  of  the  different  ovens,  &c.,  &c. 

We  have  also  of  this  Stove  an  extensive  top  for  each  size,  for  the  purpose  of  placing  a  tin  boiler 
on  for  heating  water,  furnished  with  an  iron  cover,  jointed  so  that  it  can  be  thrown  back,  and  a  dip- 
per or  pan  used  to  dip  out  the  water.  We  have  also  furnished  all  but  the  smallest  size,  the  7-inch, 
with  water  baclts,  which  can  be  easily  attached. 

We  have  four  sizes  of  this  Stove,  aa  follows:  7,  8,  9,  and  10  inch  boiler  holes,  with  and  without 
extension  tops. 

EVANS  BACKUS.  HENRY  H.  GIBBS. 


BBOoniniBBSJLViesrs. 

Red  Hook,  New  York,  Nov.  23, 1859. 
Mr.  E.  Backus:  Dear  Sir — The  Stove  you  sent  us  has  been  in  operation  since  received,  and  was 
all  it  was  recommended  to  be.    It  works  admirably.    We  would  like  to  have  an  understanding  with 
you  for  the  exclusive  sale  of  the  Stove  iu  our  town;  let  us  hear  from  you. 

Respectfully  yours, 

L.  &  J.  CURTIS. 

New  York.  March  2G,  18G0. 
Messrs.  E.  Backus  &  Co.:  Gentlemen— Since  getting  one  of  your  Combination  Stoves,  my  labor 
has  beeu  reduced  one  half,  every  part  performing  its  functions  to  my  entire  satisfaction.  Tue  com- 
partment provided  for  broiling  Meats  and  baking  Buckwheat  Cakes,  &c.,  acting  with  the  best  success. 
The  roasting  compartment  doing  meats  to  a  turn.  The  main  oven  baking  bread  as  It  should  be 
baked;  everything  can  I  do  at  one  and  the  same  time,  and  with  one  fire;  and  all  1  have  to  say  is, 
that  this  atove  is  the  one  nearest  perfection  I  have  yet  used. 

Yours,  truly, 

JAS.  W.  COLLINS,  Collins'  Hotel,  279  Hudson  Street,  New  York. 


Sold  by  E.  BACKUS  &  CO.,  No.  233  Water  Street,  IVew  York. 

16X 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  161 

very  uncertain  and  insecure  messenger.  Harnden's 
emblem  upon  a  circular  advertising  the  first  Express 
between  the  New  World  and  the  Old,  was  a 
vignette  representing  the  two  hemispheres,  with 
himself  striding  from  one  to  the  other — one  foot 
being  on  the  American  shore,  and  the  other  on 
"the  chalky  cliffs  of  Albion;"  while  upon  his  back 
he  carried  a  bag  of  newspapers,  letters,  &c. 

The  construction  of  Rrailways,  the  origin  and  ex- 
tension of  Express  routes,  the  creation  of  Ocean 
Steamship  lines,  the  discovery  and  operation  of 
Morse's  Magnetic  Telegraph,  the  construction  by 
Butterfield,  Dinsmore,  Fargo,  Spencer,  and  other. 
Expressmen,  of  an  Overland  Mail  Stage  Road, 
through  vast  mountain  ranges  and  desert  plains  to 
California,  now  succeeded  by  this  grandest  of  all 
human  works,  the  union  of  America  and  Europe 
\>y  Telegraph,  put  all  emblems  at  defiance.  For^ 
merly  symbols  were  made  use  of  to  convey  a  more 
exalted  idea  of  the  thing  referred  to,  but  they  have 
no  power  to  enhance  the  glory  of,  or  even  to  do 
simple  justice  to,  the  grand  achievements  of  the; 
present  age.  Nor  do  the  Express  Companies  need 
them.  Of  course  there  is  no  objection  to  their  use, 
but  the  phrases,  * '  With  the  speed  and  safety  of  th& 
Express,''^  and  ''With  the  promptness  and  fidelity  of 
an  Expressman^^^  ought  to  become  so  proverbial, 
that  no  comparison  or  poetic  image  shall  be  able 
to  make  their  impression  stronger.  ; 


162  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

There  could  be  no  better  symbol  of  **  safety  "  in 
the  transmission  of  money,  than  a  picture  of  an 
Express  messenger,  sitting  upon  his  iron  box,  in 
the  Express  car  of  a  fast  train,  rushing  along  a 
down-grade.  If  by  any  means  we  could  make  the 
picture  convey  the  idea  that  the  faithful  man  was 
well  paid  for  all  the  risks  he  runs,  the  idea  would 
be  doubtless  still  more  satisfactory. 

Irresponsible  Express  Enterprises. 

Every  now  and  then  a  new  Express  starts  into  an 
ephemeral  existence,  without  either  capital  or  facil- 
ities. The  Express  business  cannot  be  learnt  in  a 
day,  nor  can  it  be  conducted  without  a  reserve  fund, 
to  pay  the  losses  which  are  liable  to  occur,  even  in 
the  best  managed  companies.  Two  or  three  very 
clever  fellows — A.,  B.,  and  C,  for  instance — may 
advertise  to  run  an  Express.  That  is  easily  done; 
and  if  they  have  either  money  or  credit  enough  to 
obtain  an  office  and  a  team,  possibly  they  may 
secure,  also,  a  contract  for  room  for  their  freight 
upon  an  express  train.  But  supposing  that  they 
should  lose,  or  have  stolen  from  them,  a  valuable 
package  intrusted  to  their  care?  The  American 
Express  had  two  boxes,  of  $25,000  each,  stolen 
from  them,  and  paid  for  them  in  full.  The  Adams 
Express  Co.  lost  $10,000  at  one  lick  on  their  South- 
ern route,  and  paid  for  it,  in  hard  dollars,  to  the 
last  dime.  The  same  responsibility  and  honor  have 
been  noticeable  in  the  other  prominent  Express 


IMPROVED   EUROPEAN  RANGES. 


These  Ranges,  for  Economy  of  Fuel,  Solidity  of  Castings,  and  general 
eifEcifnoy,  surpass  any  and  all  others  in  the  market* 

iiicy  may  be  seen  ia  use  at  the  following  places: 


MADISON  SQUARE  HOTEL. ..  .New  York. 

IIVING  HOUSE 

NATIONAL  HOTEL 

LORENCK'S     "       

i'ETIT  &  CROOK 


UNION  HALL Sarato{?a  Sprinj?s. 

MASSASOIT  HOUSE Springfield. 

PULASKI  HOUSl^J Savannah. 

FORT  WM.  HENRY  HOTEL.  Lake  George. 
RETREAT  FOR  THE  INSANE. .  .Hartford. 


And  at  many  of  the  best  private  houses  in  New  York  City  and  throughout  the  country. 

Send  for  a  circular. 


BRAMHALL,   HEDGE   ^   CO., 

Manufacturers,  No.  442  Broadway,  New  York. 


162 


BOSTON  FAUCET  COMPANY, 

GORE  BLOCK,  OPPOSITE  REVERE  HOUSE, 
BOSTOI¥, 

SELF-IXMEUIi&mmiFlllICSTS. 

OF  ALL  VARIETIES, 

BEER  P«MPS,  FORCE  PUMPS,  WATER  CLOSETS, 

PATENT  HOSE  PIPES,  HOSE  COUPUtMCS, 

^imm  #augfis,  ^^fat^f  d^augfjs  and  €!odis  in  tlitto, 

STEAM  VALVES,  PATENT  SOLDEBING  IRONS, 
VOSE'S  PATENT  PORTABLE  FIRE  ANNIHILATOR,   &e.; 


TOGETHER    WITH 


ILL  iliii  IF  iiiSS  Will 

AND  PLUMBERS'  MATERIALS. 


THIS  COMPANY  MANUFACTURE,  ALSO,  ALL  KINDS  OF 


5 


INCLUDING 


KEROSENE,  COAL  OIL,  FLUID  AND  GAS  BURNERS,  LAMP 

STANDS,  CHAIN  AND  HARP  HANGINGS,  BRACKETS, 

CHANDELIERS,  IMPROVED   STYLE   OF  SHADES, 

CLASPS,  &c.,  &c. 

REUBEN  J.  TODD, 

Agent  and  Treasurer. 

New  York  Agency,  442  Broadway,  bet.  Howard  and  Grand  Sts. 

163 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  163 

Companies  mentioned  in  this  book.  But  what 
would  "A.,  B.  and  C."  do  in  such  an  emergency? 
Have  they  the  money  with  which  to  satisfy  the 
shipper  for  the  loss?  It  may  be  $500,  it  may  be 
$5,000:  the  loss  is  quite  as  likely  to  be  large  as 
small;  and  more  so,  for  the  greater  the  sum  the 
greater  the  temptation  to  dishonest  clerks  or  out- 
side thieves  to  steal  it. 

Bogus  **  Expresses." 

The  public  are  often  imposed  upon,  and  the  rep- 
utation of  honest  expressmen  is  hurt,  by  swindlers, 
pretending  to  do  an  express  business  on  their  own 
account,  or 'as  employees  of  the  good  and  reliable 
companies.  The  least  injurious  of  these  scoun- 
drels, perhaps,  are  those  who,  with  no  other  facili- 
ties than  are  enjoyed  by  any  common  freight  for- 
warder, advertise  to  put  freight  through  with  ex- 
press speed. 

The  worst  form  of  the  bogus  express,  however, 
is  that  in  which  the  swindler  receives  packages  to 
forward,  and  audaciously  appropriates  them  to  his 
own  use,  or  deposits  them  with  a  pawnbroker. 
This  rascality  succeeds  best  when  the  bogus  ex- 
pressman pretends  to  forward  parcels  to  Europe. 
In  that  case  it  takes  the  victim  several  months  to 
discover  the  fraud;  and  even  then  he  finds  it  so 
difficult  to  prove  it,  that  he  suffers  his  injury  to  go 
unredressed.  Pursuing  their  impositions  with  im- 
punity, the  swindlers  go  a  step  further,  and  «a^l 


164  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

worthless  bills  of  exchange  upon  the  principal  for- 
eign cities. 

A  trick  practised  considerably  of  late  years,  by 
rogues  in  the  name  of  expressmen,  is  to  call  upon 
people  at  their  houses  with  bundles,  purporting  to 
have  come  by  express  from  a  distance,  upon  which 
they  have  the  hardihood  to  collect  charges.  Their 
demands  are  usually  paid,  and  their  victims  too 
late  discover  that  they  have  got  in  exchange  for 
their  money  only  a  parcel  of  paper  rags,  or  other 
trash.  In  one  instance,  last  winter,  a  box  of 
"  game"  was  left  at  a  house  up  town,  and  "20  shil- 
lings charges"  collected — the  rascal  remarking  that 
he  believed  it  was  English  hares.  The  lady  was  de- 
lighted with  the  idea  that  it  was  a  present  from  a 
very  dear  friend  in  England,  and  she  was  dying  of 
impatience  until  her  servant-man  had  opened  it, 
and  discovered  that  it  contained  only  a  dead  cat. 

Another  mode,  of  the  same  system,  is  to  coun- 
terfeit the  custom,  practised  by  the  legitimate  ex- 
presses, of  notifying,  by  filling  up  printed  forms, 
those  persons  for  whom  there  are  unclaimed  par- 
cels, &c.,  in  the  office.     For  example: 

"Mr.  John ,  Cayuga. 

Sir:  There  is  a  box  in  this  office  to  your  address. 
You  will  please  remit  to  us  the  charges  on  the  same, 
viz.,  $3.25,  and  remove  the  same;  or,  if.  you  wish, 
it  will  be  forwarded  by  express  to  you. 

Jones  &  Brown,  Express  Agents, 
New  York,  Oct.  12,  '68.  711  South  St. 


■"^^JJ^*.**^"* 


JOHN  K.  STIMSON, 

Bank,  Insurance,  Mercantile  and  Express 


PI 


C^      ^5 


AND 


"CJJ 


ENGRAVING,  LITHOGRAPHY  &  JOB  PRINTING 

EXFXJUTED  WITH  NEATNESS  AND  DISPATCH. 

New- York. 

166* 


J.  R.  BENJAMIN'S 

Brass  Springs  Trusses, 

J^To.  1  Barclay  Street^ 

(Opposite  the  Astor  House,) 


These  Trusses  surpass  all  others  for  ease,  durability  and 
effecting  a  Radical  Oure.  They  never  rust  nor  grow  weak 
from  use.  Pressure  graduated  to  suit  every  variety  of  cases 
or  circumstances.  By  sending  the  measure  round  the  hips 
and  side  ruptured,  a  perfect  fit  is  guaranteed.  This  Truss 
has  taken  the  highest  premium  ever  awarded,  (a  Gold 
Medal,)  and  never  has  failed  of  taking  the  first  premium 
when  exhibited. 

Also,  Manufacturer  of  Fine  Rolled  Silver^  for  plating. 

165 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  166 

This  ruge,  practised  extensively  by  a  brace  of 
rascals  here  a  year  or  two  ago,  was  very  successful. 
Money  was  remitted  to  them  from  all  quarters,  and 
it  was  two  or  three  months  before  the  game  was 
blocked. 

Beyond  question,  these  frauds  were  either  exe- 
cuted or  suggested  by  persons  formerly  employed 
by  the  regular  Express  Companies,  but  discharged 
for  misconduct.  And  this  leads  us  again  to  the 
reflection,  that  it  is  of  very  material  if  not  vital 
importance  to  the  Express  proprietors,  that  they 
should  employ  the  most  reliable  men  that  they  can 
find  adapted  to  their  business;  and  when  they  have 
them  they  ought  to  pay  them  well  enough  to  se- 
cure a  continuance  of  their  service. 

Railroad  Companies  and  Baggage. 

In  the  Liverpool  (England)  County  Court  judg- 
ment was  given  in  the  case  of  "  Wignall  vs,  the 
London  and  Northwestern  Railway  Company,''  in 
which  the  plaintiff,  a  commercial  traveller,  claimed 
£25  as  compensation  for  the  loss  of  a  desk,  stolen 
from  a  carriage  in  the  Lime  Street  station,  (where 
it  had  been  placed  by  one  of  the  company's  por- 
ters,) while  the  plaintiff  was  in  the  refreshment 
room.  Three  grounds  of  defence  were  taken:  that 
the  plaintiff,  not  having  booked  when  the  desk  was 
taken,  no  contract  had  been  entered  into,  and 
therefore  the  company  were  not  responsible  for  the 
loss;  that  the  desk  was  not  "luggage,"  within  the 


166  EXPRESS      HISTORY. 

ordinary  meaning  of  the  Act  of  Parliament;  and 
that  the  order  books  and  private  papers  in  the  desk 
were  "writings,"  within  the  meaning  of  the  Carri- 
ers' Act.  His  Honor  decided  that  the  first  objec- 
tion could  not  be  sustained,  as  the  company's  serv- 
ant had  taken  charge  of  the  plaintiffs  luggage  and 
placed  it  in  the  carriage;  and  as  to  the  second  and 
third  objections,  that  nothing  could  be  more  essen- 
tially luggage  than  a  travelling  desk,  except,  per- 
haps, articles  of  apparel  required  for  the  journey; 
and  order  books  were  absolutely  necessary  to  com- 
mercial travellers,  in  order  to  carry  on  their  busi- 
ness. He  then  gave  the  plaintiff  a  verdict  for  £3 
IO5.,  the  declared  value  of  the  desk;  £2  IO5.  for 
the  inconvenience  arising  from  the  loss  of  the  order 
books;  and  Id.,  as  the  nominal  value  of  the  private 
papers.     He  also  allowed  the  plaintiff  his  costs. 


f  toe  ^|t»ciisje  Ji0jtiije 

SYRACUSE,  N.  Y. 


We  would  say  of  this  Hotel,  that  it  is  the  best  kept  house  and  has  a 
better  table  than  any  we  know  of  in  the  interior  of  this  State.  Its  early 
proprietor  was  Phi.  Rust,  but  for  some  years*past  it  has  been  conducted 
by  Wm.  D.  Stewart,  assisted  by  Mr.  Burton.  Its  location,  immediately 
adjoining  the  N.  Y.  Central  R.  R.  Depot,  (with  which  it  communicates  by 
a  side  door,)  renders  it  a  convenient  place  to  obtain  a  capital  meal  when 
one  is  passing  through  Syracuse  by  rail. 


08 


A.  F.  MAYHER  &  CO., 

Manufacturers  of  and  Dealers  in  all  kinds  of 

AGRICULTURAL  AND  HORTICULTURAL 


Also,  Inaporters  of  and  Dealers  in  all  kinds  of 

Grain,  Field,  Grass,  Garden  and  Flower 


We  have  manufactured, /or  our  sales  exclusively^  the  best  LOCOMOTIVE 
BOILER  PORTABLE  STEAM  ENGINES  that  are  made  in  the  United 
States,  from  three  to  thirty-five  horse-power,  at  prices  ranging  from  $4T5 
to  $2,400 ;  all  complete,  with  smoke-pipe  and  steam  gauge,  ready  to  fire 
up  with  wood  or  coal.  Tliey  have  two  balance-wheels  that  are  used  as 
puUies,  and  trucks  are  furnished,  if  wanted,  at  $50,  so  that  the  Engines  may 
be  moved  from  place  to  place.  We  manufacture  over  150  varieties  of  Plows. 
All  approved  kinds  of  Corn  Shellers,  Harrows,  Cultivators,  Horse  Hoes, 
Straw,  Stalk  and  Hay  Cutters,  Grain,  Coffee,  Hommony  and  Paint  Mills, 
Carts,  Wagons,  Wheelbarrows,  Hay  Presses,  Horse  Powers,  Threshers  and 
Separators  and  Combined  Threshers  and  Cleaners,  Mowing  and  Reaping 
Machines,  &c.  Orders  promptly  filled.  Descriptive  Catalogues  and  Circu- 
lars furnished  or  mailed  on  applcation. 

A.   F.   MAYHER  &   CO. 

Warehouse  and  Seed  Store,  54  Vesey  Street. 
Manufactory,   550   and   552  Water,  and  294  and  296 
Cherry  Streets,  New-York. 

167 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  167 


LIGHTS   AND    SHADOWS 


OP 


EXPRESS  AND  RAILROAD  LIFE. 


The  Boy  in  the  Box. 

In  an  Express  office  not  more  than  three  hundred 
miles  from  Boston,  the  watchman,  who  slept  in  the 
building,  was  advised  that  sundry  articles  of  an 
eatable  nature  had  been  abstracted  from  the  cellar. 
It  was  supposed  that  some  juvenile  thief  was  in  the 
custom  of  crawling  through  the  bars  on  one  of  the 
cellar  windows,  though  the  space  was  so  narrow 
that  it  seemed  incredible  that  any  but  a  very  small 
child  could  get  through  it.  Still,  with  all  his  vigi- 
lance, the  watchman  found  that  the  depredations 
were  continued.  To  add  to  his  aggravation,  the 
Express  clerks  and  drivers  insisted  that  he  must  be 
in  Ihe  habit  of  sleeping  with  "  a  brick  in  his  hat;'' 
and  others  insinuated  that  he  never  went  to  sleep 
hungry.  One  night,  as  he  sat  alone  in  the  office, 
meditating  somewhat  impatiently  upon  these  un- 
just suspicions,  he  thought  he  heard  a  foot-fall  on 

16* 


168  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

the  cellar  stairs !  Quicker  than  you  can  say  "/act 
Robinson,''^  he  reached  the  stairway!  He  had  for- 
gotten to  take  a  light,  and  could  see  nothing,  but 
heard  footsteps  retreat  precipitately.  It  was  not  a 
heavy  sound,  and  it  must  be,  he  thought,  the  sus- 
pected boy.  Obtaining  his  lantern  quickly,  he  de- 
scended the  stairs,  lickerty -split,  and  rushed  to  the 
window  to  prevent  the  young  rascal's  exit  in  that 
direction.  There  was  a  sound  at  the  other  end  of 
the  cellar,  as  if  the  rogue  was  seeking  to  screen 
himself  behind  some  of  the  casks,  barrels,  boxes, 
and  other  freight  in  transitu.  In  a  high  state  of 
virtuous  indignation  and  nervous  excitement,  the 
watchman  proceeded  to  get  at  him.  In  a  few  mo- 
ments he  discovered  a  corner  of  a  garment  sticking 
6Mt  of  a  long  narrow  box,  a  rod  or  two  distant, 
just  beyond  a  dozen  or  more  of  large  bundles  which 
blocked  his  way.  Putting  down  his  lantern,  he 
clambered  over  these  articles,  (nearly  breaking  his 
neck  in  his  hurry,)  and  jerking  away  the  loose  cover, 
discovered  what  he  supposed,  by  the  dim  hght,  to 
be  the  boy  in  the  box.  Madder  than  sixty,  he  de- 
tiunciated  a  curse  upon  his  eyes,  and  "  pitched  into 
him.''  Whack!  whack!  whack!  one  blow  followed 
another;  the  exasperated  watchman  meanwhile 
doing  up  some  of  the  tallest  kind  of  profanity,  min- 
gled with  such  remarks  as  the  following: 

"  You thief,  you !     I'll  learn  yer  to  slip  in 

and  steal  our  crackers !  This  aint  the  first  time; 
no,  nor  the  second  nuther !      I  know  yer,  you  Httle. 


THE  WASHBOilllD  ENTIIIELy  DISPENSED  WITH 


THE 


WASHING  MACHINE. 

SimpIt.Ctonomital,  §uraWe,  an^  tmnt  get  m\  of  axkx. 

No  Washing  Fluids  or  Acids  required;  nothing  but  Soap  and  Water. 

Ffom  50  to  /5  per  cent,  sad  in  Clotliingjime  and  Labof. 

DESCRIPTION. 

It  consists  of  a  metal  cylinder,  with  elects  on  the  inner  surface,  and  an  interior 
cylinder  of  wood,  with  elects.  There  is  a  space  of  from  six  to  eight  inches  between 
the  two  cylinders.  One  crank  turns  both  cylinders  at  the  same  time  in  opposite  di- 
rections, rapidly  creating  a  suds,  forcing  the  water  through  the  clothes,  and  effectually 
removing  the  dirt. 

ADV.A.NTAGIiS. 

This  Machine  dispenses  entirely  with  the  washboard.  THE  ACTION  OF  THE 
WATER  CLEANS  THE  CLOTHES,  consequently  there  is  NO  WEAR  OF  FABRIC. 
The  SAVING  OF  CLOTuixo,  and  the  saving  of  time  and  labou,  are  equally  remarkable. 
The  Machine  is  simple  in  construction  and  management — a  child  can  use  it.  It  is 
well  made,  of  galvanized  iron,  and  is  very  durable.  It  will  wash  the  finest  as  well 
as  the  coarsest  fabrics — a  single  small  piece,  or  a  quantity  of  clothing.  For  Flan- 
nels (usually  the  most  difficult  things  for  the  laundress  to  manage)  its  operation  is 
astonishing,  as  it  thoroughly  cleans  them,  with  no  possibility  of  shrinkage. 

FRIOES. 

No.  1. $12  00 

No.  2 }tjl4  00 

No.  3 $16  00 

Machines  can  be  seen  in  operation  at 

494  BROADWAY,  east  side  above  Broome  St. 

Ladies  and  Gentlemen  are  invited  to  call  and  examine  it,  or  what  is  better,  send 
your  dirty  clothes  and  test  it. 

SULLrlVAlV  &  HYATT,  Proprietors. 

N.  B.— "\Yholesale  orders  will  be  received  at  our  office,  54  Beekman  Street. 

169 


THE  J.  L  fflOTT  mON  WO£ES, 

264  and  266  IXTater  St.,  N.  Y., 


MANUPACTUREBS   OP 


RAJ^GES, 

FARMERS'  BOILERS, 

ntON  SINES, 


from  2  inches  to  12  inches  diameter,  and 

PIPE  FITTINGS  TO  iflATCH. 


Castings  of  every  kind  made  to  order. 


Foundff  at  Moll  Haven,  Weslcliestef  Counlf,  i  I 


170 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  169 

whelp  of  Satan  !  I  recognize  yer  features  !  I  know 
yer  mother,  you  Uttle  Irish  son  of  a  slut  1  Bring 
an  honest  fellow  into  disgrace,  will  yer  ?" 

The  last  reflection,  stinging  him  with  the  remem- 
brance of  the  slurs  which  had  been  cast  upon  his 
fidelity,  even  by  the  greenest  hand  in  the  office,  on 
the  score  of  the  abstracted  crackers,  the  enraged 
watchman  quit  thumping  the  "thief  in  the  stomachy 
and  struck  him  on  the  head.  His  fist  sunk  into  the 
skull  under  the  force  of  the  blow,  and  there  was  a 
crackling  sound,  like  the  breaking  of  a  bone.  At 
this  the  watchman's  fury  evaporated  instantane- 
ously, and  his  heart  sank  within  him ! 

''Little  hoyf  said  he,  in  a  tremulous,  anxious 
voice,  ''little  hoyf 

There  was  no  reply,  and  he  turned  as  pale  as 
death  as  the  truth  flashed  upon  him  that  life  was 
extinct.  Almost  ready  to  expire,  himself,  with  the 
unpleasant  reflection  that  he  was  a  murderer,  he 
staggered  (very  weak  at  the  knees)  over  the  bun- 
dles, and  obtaining  his  lantern,  went  back,  sick  at 
heart,  to  take  a  better  view  of  his  victim.  Unfor- 
tunately, in  his  trepidation,  he  tripped  up,  over  a 
bundle  of  G-leason's  new  weekly,  or  Harpers',  and 
in  his  fall  his  light  was  extinguished.  Horribly 
discomfited,  and  groaning  in  spirit  as  he  wiped  the 
cold  sweat  from  his  brow,  the  poor  man  picked 
himself  up  and  groped  his  way  up  stairs,  where 
the  gas  was  burning.  His  first  impulse  was  to  run 
away,  but  being  an  honest,  law-abiding  citizen,  he 


170  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

promptly  decided  to  face  the  music.  After  many 
painful  reflections,  (not  to  say  conflicting  emotions,) 
he  concluded  to  give  himself  up  immediately  to  the 
authorities. 

Before  executing  this  intention,  he  went  to  a  desk, 
and  taking  from  it  a  package  of  Schiedam  Schnapps, 
applied  it  to  his  mouth  and  turned  the  bottom  up 
solemnly  towards  the  ceiling;  then  replaced  the 
cork,  and  sighed  deeply  as  he  put  the  bottle  into 
the  desk  again.  He  then  proceeded  to  the  nearest 
police  station.  It  was  near  two  in  the  morning, 
but  the  captain  was  on  hand. 

"  What  are  you  here  for,  Mr.  Lodge,  at  this  time 
o'night?"  said  he,  with  a  yawn.     "What's  broke?" 

"  Ah,  that^s  it!"  replied  our  pale  friend.  ''It  is 
broke.  I  have  fractured  the  skull.  There's  no 
doubt  of  it.     Would  that  there  was !" 

"What?"  ejaculated  the  amazed  oflficer.  "Do 
you  mean  to  say  that " 

"  Yes,  sir,  that's  it.  I've  gone  and  done  a  mur- 
der, and  I've  come  to  give  myself  up."  He  then 
related  how  he  had  unintentionally,  by  an  unfortu- 
nate blow,  deprived  the  robber  of  life.  "  But  come 
with  me,"  said  he  in  conclusion,  "  and  I  will  show 
you  all." 

The  officer  followed  him,  and  entering  the  Ex- 
press office,  they  descended  with  a  brace  of  lanterns 
to  witness  the  bloody  spectacle.  Imagine  their  sur- 
prise, and  the  mingled  joy  and  shame  of  our  friend, 
on  discovering  the  boy  in  the  box  to  be  only  the 


^m-Pmms^lf 


■"^r   - 


^^m 


S^SSUMi 


NEW  HAVEN,  CONN 

'^m  61  AND  eT'cHAPEL  streeO 


COACHES,  COUPES,  BAROUCHES, 
BRETTS,  CHARIOTEES,  PHAETONS, 
BUGGIES  AND  CARRIAOES  OE  EVERr 
DESCRIPTION  CONSTANTLY  ON  HAND 


CI'    ^^Z^^^  '0)  f'-^ 


o 


Designed  tor  the  use  of  Students,  Kegatta  Clubs, Public  and 
1^  Private  Parks.  Agricultural  Fair  Grounds  tc,  Jtc^^ 
These^ Carriages  may T)e  used  separately  or  in  trains. 


^ 


'1;  B.«.Z.CK»Uo8|,  ~        ~~  '  H.rtfova.Con 


RODM£Y    &    ATKINS 


No.  16  Court  St.  cor.  Pearl  St.,  Buffalo,  N.  T. 


Have  always  on  hand  an  extensive  as- 
sortment of  Kosewood,  Mah(>{?any,  Black 
Walnut  and  VVhitewood  Coffins,  Shrouds 
of  all  descriptions,  Caps,  Cravats,  &c. 
Zinc  Linings  for  Coffins,  rendering  them 
perfectly  air-tight.  Hearses  and  (Carria- 
ges furnished  to  order.  Prices  moderate, 
and  a  liberal  discount  made  to  the  trade. 

JOHN  RODNEY.       R.  P.  ATKINS. 


MAQIC  INSECT  POWDER, 


FOR    THE    SPEEDY    EXTERMINATION     OF 


€/i 


To  Housekeepers,  Hotel  Keepers,  Restaurants,  Confectioners,  Bakers,  Steamboat  and  Ship- 
masters, and  everybody  whose  premises  are  infested  with  Insects,  this  Powder  is  invaluable. 

JB@^  Price  only  25  cents  a  Box !  -^^a 
JOHN  K,  STDISON,  Proprietor's  Agent, 

No.  77  Cedar  St.,  New  York. 

Orders  by  mail  or  Express  promptly  attended  to. 

172 


CURTIS    AKERLY, 

General  C0mmissi0n  P^erc|ant 


IMPORTER  AND  DEALER  IN 


314  Front  Street, 

Near  Beekman  St.,  SEW  ^®BKa 


J8®»  Consignments  of  Fruit  and  Produce  solicited. 

JOSEPH  BEE8L<1:Y, 

FASHIONABLE 


T    H^Ki^ 


p 


525  BROAD'WAT, 


In  the  St.  Nicholas  Hotel  Building, 


SrHW  '2'®IBl£c 


Mr.  Beesley  has  been  well  known  in  Broadway  for  many  years  past,  as 
a  fashionable  Boot  Maker,  and  is  confident  that  he  can  satisfy  the  most 
fastidious  taste  in  style,  fit,  and  materials  used  in  his  manufactures.  Gentle- 
men who  order  boots  of  him  may  rest  assured  that  he  employs  only  the  neat- 
est and  most  thorough  workmen,  and  uses  the  best  stock  to  be  had  in  this 
or  any  other  market.  Since  the  opening  of  the  St.  Nicholas  Hotel,  he  has 
occupied  a  store  in  the  same  building,  where  he  will  be  happy  to  receive,  at 
all  times,  a  continuance  of  the  patronage  heretofore  accorded  to  him,  and 
any  new  cash  custom  that  may  offer. 


m.  WILiIiARD,  the  Bed  and  ITIattress  merchant. 

As  long  ago  as  1839,  when  Harndea  started  the  first  Express,  one  of  his  customers  was  Martin  Wil- 
lard,  then,  and  ever  since,  (until  lately,)  occupying  his  famous  old  stand  in  Chatham  Square,  where  he 
sold  the  best  Beds  and  Bedding,  at  cheaper  prices  than  they  could  be  had  anywhere  else  in  New  York. 
Last  spring,  Willard  removed  to  another  stand,  somewhat  celebrated  in  the  same  line,  and  his  large  and 
excellent  stock  of  Frathkrs,  Beds,  Mattresses,  &c.,  can  now  be  found  at  the  corner  of  Hudson  and 
Houston  Streets.  In  purchasing  Beds  and  Mattresses,  people  ought  to  have  an  honest  man  to  deal  with, 
and  we  take  the  liberty  of  using  a  friend's  privilege,  (for  we  have  known  him  for  more  than  14  years,)  to 
recommend  Martin  Willard  as  an  upright  merchant,  who  never  sells  an  indifferent  or  poorly  made  article 
for  a  good  one.— Ed.  Ex.  HiSTOkT. 

171 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  171 

wax  figure  of  a  Saint,  intended  for  a  church  or  con- 
vent in  Louisiana.  Being  a  new  importation,  it 
had  been  opened  by  Custom-House  Officers,  and 
had  not  been  nailed  up  again.  The  *'  foot- fall"  was 
probably  caused  by  a  big  rat. 

"Say  nothing  about  this  ridiculous  affair.  Cap- 
tain," said  the  sold,  when  the  other  had  done  laugh- 
ing, **  and  I  will  stand  a  bottle  of  champagne  and  a 
pair  of  canvass-backs  with  you  to-morrow  at  Per- 
kins's !" 

"Agreed,"  responded  the  officer,  and  he  kept 
the  secret  faithfully  from  all — hut  his  wife. 

The  Inventor  of  the  T  Rail. 

Robert  L.  Stevens  was  one  of  the  projectors  and 
original  stockholders  of  the  Camden  and  Amboy 
Railroad.  He  was  sent  to  England  as  the  agent  of 
the  company,  to  examine  into  the  working  of  the 
system,  and  to  contract  for  rails  and  machinery. 
At  that  time  the  fish-bellied  rail  was  then  in  use. 
This  form  Mr.  Stevens  deemed  in  many  respects 
objectionable;  and  he  set  about  devising  a  form 
that  would  be  better,  and  more  easy  of  manufac- 
ture. He  concluded  that  the  form  T  would  answer 
the  purpose;  and  that  it  might  be  rolled  for  much 
less  than  the  fish-bellied  form  then  was  costing. 

He  devised  a  plan  for  rolling  it;  which  plan  he 
proposed  to  the  iron  manufacturer  with  whom  he 
was  negotiating  for  the  iron  for  his  company.  The 
manufacturer  was  unwilling  to  test  the  plan,  alleg- 


172  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

ing  that  it  would  involve  considerable  expense.  Mr. 
Stevens,  not  inclined  to  give  up  his  point,  asked 
what  would  be  the  loss  in  case  of  failure.  He  was 
told  it  would  be  from  four  to  five  hundred  pounds. 
In  reply  to  this  he  offered  to  advance  that  amount, 
to  be  credited  by  the  company  in  case  of  the  adop- 
tion of  his  plan,  and  to  be  held  responsible  for 
whatever  expenses  might  be  incurred  in  the  trial, 
if  his  plan  should  not  succeed.  His  offer  was  ac- 
cepted; and  a  foreman,  with  a  sufficient  number  of 
men,  were  placed  under  his  direction. 

The  first  trial  had  a  result  that  might  have  dis- 
couraged a  less  resolute  inventor,  and  caused  a  less 
wealthy  one  to  be  denied  further  privileges  in  the 
mill.  The  rail  would  not  come  on  straight,  but 
persisted  in  winding  around  the  roller.  A  second 
trial,  in  which  the  grooves  were  tapered  so  as  to 
allow  the  rail  to  get  out  easily,  was  tolerably  suc- 
cessful, and  after  a  few  alterations,  the  invention  of 
the  T  rail  was  complete,  and  the  order  was  given 
for  rails  in  that  form.  This  account  was  given  by 
Mr.  Stevens  himself,  to  a  friend  of  ours  who  inquired 
of  him  as  to  the  truth  of  the  current  report  that  he 
was  the  inventor  of  this  form  of  rail. 

Selling  A  Railroad  Conductor. 

The  Mobile  Register,  a  year  or  two  ago,  had  the 
following  good  story: 

**  As  the  Citronelle  train  was  on  its  downward 
trip  to  this  city  yesterday  morning,  an  incident  oc- 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  173 

curred  that  caused  no  little  amusement  to  the  pas- 
sengers. As  the  train  was  approaching  Eight  Mile 
station,  a  lady  quite  elegantly  attired,  with  a  lovely 
boquet  of  wild  flowers  in  her  hand,  and  face  con- 
cealed from  view  by  a  handsome  veil,  was  discovered 
standing  on  the  platform.  The  train  was  of  course 
ordered  to  stop  and  take  in  the  fair  passenger — and 
stop  it  did.  The  gallant  conductor  jumped  out  up- 
on the  platform  and  cried  out  as  usual,  '  all  aboard!' 
at  the  same  time  raising  his  hat  and  politely  extend- 
ing his  hand  to  help  the  lady  aboard.  She,  how- 
ever,  did  not  recognize  his  gallantry,  but  stood 
dumb  and  motionless  as  a  statue.  The  astonished 
conductor  advanced,  involuntarily  raised  the  veil, 
when  lo,  instead  of  a  face  of  flesh  and  beauty,  the 
words  'April  fool,'  inscribed  on  a  black  lightwood 
chunk,  met  his  astonished  vision!  He  started  back, 
gave  the  signal  to  be  off",  with  unusual  violence, 
jumped  aboard,  exclaiming  to  the  innocent  engineer, 
'  Who  the  deuce  told  you  to  stop  here  ?' '' 

Selfishness  and  Ill-breeding  of  Passengers. 

The  piggish  behavior  of  many  railroad  travellers 
is  disgusting.     A  sensible  writer  says: 

"  Perhaps  we  have  no  right  to  expect  that  men, 
women,  and  children  will  be  transformed  in  the 
cars  to  what  they  are  not  at  home  in  breeding  and 
character,  but  it  sometimes  appears  to  us  that  half 
the  world  reserves  its  cast-off  habits  of  manners 
and  conduct,  to  wear  in  journeying.     We  wonder  if 


174  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

it  ever  occurred  to  that  well-dressed  man. at  our 
right,  that  it  is  a  greater  insult  to  squirt  tobacco  juice 
on  the  floor  of  a  room  where  a  hundred  must  sit, 
breath,  and  smell  a  whole  day,  than  on  a  drawing- 
room  carpet,  where  two  people  are  to  sit  an  hour  ? 
That  genteel  lady  behind  us  would  not  ask  us  to 
sit  by  an  open  window  in  her  own  house  on  a  Jan- 
uary morning,  if  we  made  her  a  fashionable  call;  yet 
she  opens  a  car  window,  and  gives  us  a  draft  across 
the  neck,  like  a  sharp  sword,  during  a  six  hours' 
ride.  Should  we  make  a  wedding  call  on  that  sen- 
timental-looking young  couple  yonder,  would  they 
not  be  as  polite  in  giving  us  the  best  seat  as  they 
are  boorish  now  in  driving  up  some  good-natured 
farmer,  to  roam  in  vain  through  crowded  aisles  for  a 
resting  place?" 

The  utter  selfishness  or  impudence,  call  it  what 
you  will,  of  some  persons,  (and  we  are  sorry  we 
cannot  except  the  women  from  the  number,)  in 
monopoHzing  twice  as  much  room  as  is  their  share, 
while  others  are  standing,  or  seeking  in  vain  for  a 
seat,  has  often  made  us  feel  not  a  little  indignant. 

Express  and  Railroad  Sketches. 

HUMOROUS   AND   PATHETIC. 

The  following  sketchy  articles,  numbered  in  the 
order  in  which  they  were  furnished  to  us,  are  from 
the  pen  of  an  experienced  and  highly  valued  mes- 
senger of  the  American  Express  Company. 


SHIRT  AID  COLLAR  DEPOT, 

Nos.  87  and  89  William  Street, 

(One  door  North  of  Maiden  Lane,)  M21W  "E®MM« 

OEOROE  IVl.  TRA€¥,  Ag^ent. 

A  PERFECT  FITTING     ss^ss 

sssss    ssss 


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SSSSFS 

sssssss 
sssssss 

SSSvSSS 

ssssss 


ssssssss 

HIIHHH        HHHHH 
HHH  HHH 

HHH  HUH 

HHH  HHH 

HHHHHHHHHH 
HHHHHHHHHH 
HHH  HHH 

HHH  HHH 

HHH  HHH 

HHHHH        HHHHH 

Hnmni 

HHI 
IHH 
IHH 
HHI 
HHI 
HlII 
HHI 
HHI 

nnnnn 

RRRRRRRRRR 
RRRRRRRRRR 
RRR    RKRRR 
RRR     RRUUR 
RRR    RRRKR 
RRRRRRRRRR 
RRR   RRR 
RRR   RRRR 
RRR    RRRR 

RRRRR    RRRRR 

TTTTTrTTTrTTTTTTT 

'rm  TTiTrrnTnTr 

T    riiT    T 

Tirr 


TTTT 

ITTT 

TTTT 

ITTTm 

Made  to  order  from  Measure,  and  warranted  to  fit,  at  $18,  $21,  and  $24  per  doz. 

persons  at  a  distance  sending  orders  by  mail,  we  will  guarantee  a  perfect  fit  on  receipt  of  the  follow- 
'  ifip.isures:  Nkck — The  distance  around  it.     Yoke — The  measure  from  the  points  of  each  shoulder. 
Hie  length  from  the  centre  of  the  back  to  the  wrist,  with  the  arm  bent.     Brkast — Distance 
lO  body  under  the  arm-pits.     Waist — Distance  around.    liOngth  of  Shirt,  &c.,  &c. 
()  keep  on  hand  the  most  elegant  assortment  of 

Or  exit  lexa3.ezx'ai   3E*-u.x*xxisli.izi.e;   Oroodsi 

be  found  in  the  city,  consisting  in  part  of  Shirts,  Collars,   Neck  Stocks,  Napoleon  Ties,  Neck  Ties, 
carfs,  Under-Shirts  and  Drawers,  Silk  and  Linen  Pocket  Handkerchiefs,  Dressing  Robes,  Shawls. 
Silk  and  Gingham  Umbrellas,  Hosiery  of  every  description,  &c.,  &c.,  wholesale  and  retail. 

T.  C.  GRANNIS.  G.  M.  TRACY. 

174 


ST.  JOHN,  RAYMOND  &  CO. 


M£rtl;aitt  f  aibrs, 


No.  526  BROADWAY, 


CORNER    OF    SPRING    STREET,    OPPOSITE    ST.    NICHOLAS    IIOTEI, 


We  would  respectfully  call  the  attention  of  strangers, 
visiting  the  city,  to  the  fact  that  we  have  been  engaged  in 
business  on  Broadway  for  many  years,  and  have  enjoyed 
a  reputation  second  to  none  for  the  variety  and  excellence 
of  our  stock  of  materials,  (always  of  the  latest  importa- 
tion,) and  the  taste  and  thoroughness  of  our  work. 

Cash  orders  promptly  executed  and  forwarded  by  Ex- 
press to  any  part  of  the  United  States. 

ST.  JOHN,  RAYMOND  &  CO. 

175 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  175 

No.  1. 
EXPRESS    LIFE. 

"  How  much  will  you  charge  to  take  this  pack- 
age to  Illinois  ?" 

"One  dollar." 

''Outrageous  ;  it  is  only  worth  fifty  cents,  and 
you  have  the  conscience  to  charge  twice  the  worth 
of  it." 

*'  It  is  not  our  fault  that  the  cost  was  only  fifty 
cents;  you  can  make  the  package  twice  as  large,  and 
the  cost  of  transportation  will  only  be  the  same." 

"  But  that  I  do  not  want  to  do,  as  it  will  be  so 
much  out  of  my  pocket  for  nothing." 

"  Yet  you  do  not  think  it  will  be  outrageous  for 
us  to  be  out  of  pocket  in  carrying  this  to  your 
friend." 

* '  I  cannot  see  that  you  will  be  at  any  loss  by 
taking  it  for  fifty  cents.  If  you  can  explain  it  to 
me,  I  will  be  satisfied." 

"  Sensible  to  the  last,  and  I  am  truly  glad  that 
you  ask  for  the  information.  In  the  first  place,  we 
charge  you  two  shillings  to  carry  this  to  B.  Then 
pay  two  shillings  to  get  it  to  C,  two  shillings  from 
C.  to  M.,  and  two  shillings  from  M.  to  S.,  where 
your  friend  resides,  thus  making  one  dollar.  If  we 
take  it  for  fifty  cents  we  will  be  obliged  to  carry  it 
to  B.  for  nothing,  and  pay  from  B.  to  C.  two  shil- 
lings out  of  our  own  pocket,  thus  losing  cash  two 
shillings,  and  the  freight  from  here  to  B.,  which  we 

17 


176  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

pay  to  the  Railroad.  Thus  actually  losing  about 
forty  cents,  besides  assuming  the  responsibility  of 
delivering  your  package  to  your  friend  in  Illinois." 

"I  was  not  aware  that  such  was  the  case,  and 
pardon  me  for  speaking  so  abruptly  when  I  just 
came  in  !" 

"  Granted,  my  dear  sir,  and  it  always  affords  us 
pleasure  to  give  every  information  in  our  power  in 
regard  to  business.  And  I  assure  you,  that  if 
many  persons  who  think  we  are  extortioners  and 
swindlers,  and  call  us  many  other  hard  names, 
would  only  ask  for  a  reason,  they  would  be  as  sat- 
isfied as  you  are.  But  on  the  contrary  they  ask  a 
question,  and  before  they  hardly  get  an  answer 
they  fly  off  at  a  tangent,  muttering  about  many 
things  they  do  not  understand,  and  working  them- 
selves into  a  passion;  when,  if  they  had  waited  but 
a  few  moments,  they  would  have  had  an  explana- 
tion which  would  have  saved  a  great  deal  of  wear 
and  tear  of  conscience,  and  they  would  have  been 
better  prepared  to  hear  a  sermon  than  run  the  risk  of 
an  explosion  of  their  head  from  a  pent-up  passion." 

No.  2. 

EXPRESS   LIFE. 

"Can  you  take  a  box  to  Albany  to-day?"  was 
the  question  of  a  good-looking  young  gentleman, 
who  was  trying  to  raise  a  crop  of  hair  on  his  upper 
Up,  but  which  seemed  more  like  the  down  on  the 
south  side  of  a  peach. 


>  AS.  G.  ENGLISH.  EDWIN  F.  MERSICK. 

ENGLISH  &  MERSICK, 

(Successors  to  J.  G.  &  G.  D.  ENGLISH,) 
ID E -A. Ij E i=L s    insr 

250  CHAPEL  STREET,  (Old  No.  140,) 


3S^  ^ftu  3Sr  TJ  F  .Au  C  T  TJ  I^  E  I^  S      OE 

LIGHT  CARRIAGE  BODIES  AND  SEATS, 

SHAFTS,  POLES,  WHIFFLETREES,  &c. 


DEALERS    IN 

ENAMELED   LEATHER,    BROADCLOTHS,   DAMASKS,   CAP. 

PETS,    BUCKRAMS,    SCRIMS,    BROAD    AND    NARROW 

SILK  AND  WORSTED  LACE,    FRINGES,   SEAMING 

CORD,  TUFTING  TWINE,  &c.,  &c. 


Agents  for  Dole,  Silver  &  Felch's  Self-Centering  Hub-Boring  Machines; 
A.  H.  Braiuard's  Paint  Millsj  Crown  Enameled  Cloths;  "Eagle  Works" 
I'liiladelphia  Bolts  ;  American  Excelsior  Co.  ;  "  Millers"  New  Orleans 
Moss. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF  PATENT  BAND  SETTERS, 

For  paring  down  the  Hub  to  size  of  Band. 

176 


HILLS  &  BEJVTOIV 


PROPRIETORS   OF 


GOLD'S  PATENT 

LOW  PRESSURE 

STEAM  HEATING 

lAPPARATUS. 

For  warming  and  ventilat- 
ing all  kinds  of 
buildings. 

L.  M.  Hills,  Mfr.  88  and  90 
State  St.,  New  Haven,  Ct. 

L.  M.  HILLS. 


Both  public  and  I'rivule. 


For  Brooklyn.  (N.  Y.) 

State  of  New  York,  (in  part) 

Connecticut, 

Ne^v  Jersey, 

Pennsylvania, 
and  other  States,  South  Sc  'West. 

Stram  FrmxG  EsTAnLisnsiE.vr, 
No.  3  Hicks  Street,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


D.  R.  BENTON. 


Office,  58  Pulton,  cor.  Hicks  St ,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


WILLIAM  L.  SLOSS. 


JOHN  G.  LANE. 


SLOSS  &  LANE, 


No.  37  Pine  Street, 


Will  practice  in  the  United  States  Court,  and  all  the  State 
and  County  Courts  of  Missouri  and  Illinois. 

Prompt  attention  paid  to  Collections.    Titles  of  Real  JEs- 

tate  carefully  examined.     Conveyancing  done 

with  neatness  and  dispatch. 

177 


EXPRESS      HISTORY.  177 

"We  will  start  it  to-day,  and  it  will  arrive  Id 
Albany  sometime  during  the  night,  provided  the 
train  has  the  good  luck  to  reach  there." 

"Oh!  but  it  must  reach  there  by  nine  o'clock 
to-night,  at  the  farthest." 

"  Had  you  not  better  send  it  by  telegraph,  then 
there  will  be  no  doubt  of  its  arriving  in  time  ?" 

"The  telegraph  man  laughed  at  me  when  1 
asked  him  to  do  it,  and  said  I  had  better  carry  it 
there  myself." 

"As  it  is  now  near  five  o'clock,  and  as  it  must  be, 
there  by  nine,  you  had  better  follow  his  advice. 
Those  gentlemen  who  work  the  telegraph  under- 
stand velocity  in  a  remarkable  degree,  and  I  have 
no  doubt  they  judged  correctly  when  they  advised 
you  to  take  it  there  yourself." 

"  I  suppose  they  judged  me  to  be  a  fast  young 
man,  from  the  observations  they  made,  and  I  was 
not  pleased  with  them." 

"  They  seldom  form  an  incorrect  opinion  of  those 
persons  who  visit  them,  and  I  doubt  much  whether 
they  were  mistaken  with  you." 

"What  must  I  do,  then?" 

"  Take  the  advice  of  the  telegraph  operator." 

"What !  and  carry  the  box  there  myself?" 

"  Certainly.  You  know  it  must  be  there  by  nine 
o'clock,  and  I  know  of  no  other  way  of  its  getting 
there." 

And  such  impossibilities  are  expected  by  persons 
every  day.     They  think  that  the  Express  Compa- 


178  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

nies  can  annihilate  time  and  space,  and  run  special 
trains  for  their  special  accommodation;  and  if  it  is 
not  done,  they  go  off  in  a  huff,  and  talk  as  valor- 
ously  as  ever  Falstaff  did,  because  they  cannot  be 
gratified. 

No.  3. 

WINTER    EXPERIENCE. 

**  See  here,  Mister,  four  weeks  ago  there  was  a 
box  sent  to  me  from  Saint  Paul's,  and  I  want  it!" 
was  the  savage  request  of  a  surly-looking  fellow, 
who  looked  as  if  he  would  eat  up  the  whole  com- 
pany, and  wash  them  down  with  a  barrel  of  hard 
cider. 

*'  How  do  you  know  that,  my  dear  sir?" 

"  Why,  here's  a  letter  that  says  so." 

*'  When  did  you  receive  that  letter?" 

*'  This  morning,  by  mail." 

*'When  was  it  dated?" 

*' January  10th." 

*'Come,  my  friend,"  said  the  clerk,  "let  us  make 
a  little  calculation  about  that  box,  and  we  may 
possibly  arrive  at  some  conclusion  where  it  is.  How 
much  do  you  suppose  was  the  weight  of  it?" 

"  Well,  I  don't  know.  There  was  a  saddle  of 
venison,  a  hind  quarter  of  bear,  twenty  prairie 
hens,  and  quails  enough  to  fill  up  the  chinks.  The 
bear  weighed  six  hundred  pounds  when  he  was 
killed,  and  the  deer  was  a  good  one." 

"  Suppose  the  bear  weighed  one  hundred  pounds, 
the  deer  fifty  pounds,  the  hens  forty  pounds,  and 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  179 

the  quails  ten  pounds,  making  a  total  weight  of 
two  hundred  pounds;  and,  as  I  suppose  you  have 
been  in  that  country  in  the  winter  season,  you  must 
know  what  kind  of  travelling  they  have  there." 

"  No,  sir,  I  have  never  been  there,  and  don't 
know  anything  about  the  country,  but  I  suppose  it 
must  be  wild,  or  they  would  not  have  so  many  wild 
animals  there.'' 

"Well,  it  is  about  the  last  place  where  a  white 
man  would  think  of  locating,  but  there  is  quite  a 
number  of  that  sort  of  people  settled  in  that  neigh- 
borhood, and  some  of  them  are  good  fellows,  and 
have  compassion  on  their  poor  friends  here,  as  haa 
been  the  case  of  your  friend.  But  you  must  know 
that,  at  the  present  time,  the  snow  averages  about 
fifteen  feet  in  depth,  any  where  within  500  miles  of 
Saint  Paul's,  and  it  is  somewhat  difficult  to  make  a 
passage  through  it.  Uncle  Sam  sends  a  mail  from 
there  once  a  week,  and  it  is  carried  on  the  back  of 
an  Indian  or  trapper,  who  makes  his  way  as  best 
he  can,  to  the  nearest  settlement,  on  snow  shoes. 
And  if  it  required  a  month  to  bring  one  letter  from 
there,  can  you  think  it  very  strange  that  your  box, 
which  weighs  two  hundred  pounds,  should  be  de- 
layed a  little  while  longer?  But  there  is  one  satis- 
faction, which  will  comfort  you  some,  that  the  meat 
is  frozen  pretty  solid,  and  will  therefore  keep  good. 
I  know  that  this  is  '  cold  comfort,'  but  it  is  the  best 
I  can  offer  you,  under  the  circumstances." 

"Well,  stranger,  I  didn't  think  quite  so  far  as 


180  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

that,  and  I  suppose  that  I  must  wait  until  it  does 
come.  But  I  tell  you  what,  I  just  calculated  that 
I  was  going  to  live  a  little  on  that  bear,  and  IVe 
got  to  draw  the  strap  a  little  tighter,  and  wait 
patiently." 

*'  As  soon  as  it  arrives,  we  will  send  it  up  to  you. 
I  hope  that  you  will  not  experience  much  incon- 
venience from  the  delay." 

"  I  hope  not,  for  I  feel  a  little  wolfish,  at  present, 
and  that  bear  might  satisfy  me  some.  Now,  don't 
forget  to  send  it  up  when  it  comes,  for  I'm  anxious." 

The  gentleman  departed,  and  we  were  not  verxj 
sorry,  being  under  the  conviction  that  his  inward 
man  required  replenishing,  and,  for  want  of  bear's 
meat,  he  might  take  a  fancy  to  demolish  us  for  the 
purpose  of  making  a  hearty  meal.  His  box  arrived 
the  next  day,  and  it  was  dispatched  to  him  "  quick 
as  the  lightning's  flash,"  fearful  that  he  might,  in 
a  wolfish  moment,  pay  us  another  visit. 

No.  4. 

THE   TORPEDO. 

We  were  riding  along  one  day  at  a  pretty  rapid 
rate  with  a  nice  little  company  of  railroad  men, 
who  were  passing  the  time  in  relating  adventures 
through  which  they  had  passed,  when  we  were 
startled  by  a  report  resembling  that  caused  by  a 
four  pounder,  and  at  the  same  instant  was  heard 
the  engineer's  whistle  of  "on  brakes."  Bet  your 
life  we  jumped  when  we  heard  that,  for  we  knew 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  181 

something  was  the  matter  ahead,  and  the  warning 
given  to  us  made  us  open  our  eyes  wide.  I  sup- 
pose you  have  both  seen  and  heard  a  torpedo,  have 
you  not  ?  No  !  Then  I  must  tell  you,  that  in  a 
.small  round  box,  very  similar  to  a  blacking  box,  is 
])laeed  a  quantity  of  fulminating  powder,  which  ex- 
plodes upon  pressure  being  applied  to  it.  This  box 
has  two  tin  straps  soldered  to  it  for  the  purpose  of 
strapping  it  on  the  rail,  and  when  there  is  a  draw- 
bridge open,  or  any  derangement  of  the  road, 
whereby  an  accident  might  happen,  it  is  the  duty 
of  the  flag  or  station  man  to  hang  out  a  red  flag  or 
lamp,  and  then  run  some  hundred  yards  and  place 
two  or  three  of  these  torpedoes  on  the  rail.  The 
engine  in  passing  over  causes  them  to  explode  with  a 
loud  report,  and  as  soon  as  the  engineer  hears  them 
he  must  instantly  stop  the  train.  At  night,  or  in 
foggy  weather,  when  the  flag  can  only  be  seen  at  a 
short  distance,  these  torpedoes  are  freely  used,  and 
thereby  the  danger  avoided. 

It  was  a  foggy  day  when  we  were  coming  down, 

and  one  of  our  party,  Jack  R ,  had  never  heard 

one  of  the  things  go  off.  He  thought  that  some 
person  had  thrown  a  stone  against  the  car,  or  a 
piece  of  wood  had  fallen  from  the  tender  and  struck 
it,  and  he  therefore  sat  still  and  wondered  what 
had  made  us  jump  so  lively  like  a  parcel  of  Hippo- 
drome performers. 

When  the  train  stopped,  and  he  found  out  that 
a  drawbridge  was  open  just  beyond  a  short  curve, 


182  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

and  that  the  red  flag  could  not  be  seen  for  more 
than  twenty  yards  from  the  engine,  he  began  to 
feel  all  over  as  if  he  had  been  subjected  to  a  cold 
bath,  "and  trembled  like  an  aspen  leaf  in  a  high 
wind.'^  Poor  Jack  !  methinks  I  can  at  this  distant 
day  see  his  lengthened  doleful  countenance,  as  hard 
jokes  thick  and  fast  came  pouring  down  upon  him 
from  our  little  party;  for  although  he  had  been 
travelling  on  the  cars  for  a  year,  this  was  the  first 
time  he  had  heard  the  explosion  of  a  torpedo,  and 
I  doubt  much  whether  he  will  ever  forget  it. 

No.  V. 

THE   RAILROAD   TUNNEL. 

Stop  a  few  minutes,  and  let  us  look  at  yonder 
mountain.  Its  majestic  crown  rises  nearly  to  the 
clouds,  and  its  sides  are  covered  with  the  evergreen, 
hemlock  and  pine,  the  laurel  and  the  spruce.  How 
often  has  the  painter  tried  to  convey  to  his  canvas 
its  beauties,  and  how  often  has  he  failed.  See  you 
that  small  dark  spot  near  its  base?  It  is  the  mouth 
of  a  tunnel  which  has  been,  by  human  energy,  bored 
through  the  solid  rock  for  a  long  distance. 

Suddenly,  as  if  from  the  unboundless  depths  of 
the  earth,  is  heard  a  roaring  and  shrieking,  as  though 
all  the  thunders  of  the  universe  were  combined  in 
that  one  spot,  and  the  ground  vibrates  for  miles 
around,  as  if  shaken  by  an  earthquake.  In  wonder 
and  amazement,  you  believe  that  the  volcanic  fires, 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  183 

bound  in  the  deep  bowels  of  the  earth,  are  about 
to  burst  forth  in  all  their  beauty,  violence  and  terror. 
But,  ere  the  mind  has  time  to  recover  from  this 
impression,  you  see  issuing  from  that  small  dark 
spot  upon  the  mountain  side  two  large,  bright  glar- 
ing eyes,  followed  by  a  coal-black  iron  steed,  pro- 
pelled by  a  fiery  steam;  and  rushing  forward  with 
an  impetuosity  equal  to  the  wind,  it  passes  beside 
you,  and  before  you  are  aware  of  it,  naught  is  seen 
save  a  long,  thin  stream  of  light  vapor,  shaking  and 
curling  in  the  distance  like  the  tail  of  an  enormous 
serpent,  let  loose  from  the  bowels  of  the  mountain 
to  scourge  and  ravage  the  earth.  The  track  of 
the  railroad  is  laid  through  that  tunnel,  and  the 
engine,  with  its  train  of  cars  loaded  with  a  living 
freight,  has  just  passed  you. 

The  Boston  Journal  lately  published  the  follow- 
ing: 

"Where  shall  I  Deliver  it?" — Such  was  the 
anxious  inquiry  of  one  of  the  Cambridge  Express 
messengers  this  morning,  as  he  received  a  parcel 
bearing  the  following  superscription: 

"Timothy  0.  Conner,  No.  82  Eliate  Street,  Bos- 
ton, State  of  Massachusetts,  for  Timothy  Murphy; 
please  to  deliver  to  Mrs.  Laby,  North  Cambridge. 
To  be  left  at  Porter's  Hotel,  Cambridge,  Massachu- 
setts." 


17 


184  express    history. 

The  $50,000  Robbert. 

On  the  21st  of  September,  1865,  Charles  Q. 
Clark,  for  many  years  the  highly  esteemed  money 
clerk  of  the  American  Express  Co.  in  this  city,  re- 
ceived at  the  hands  of  the  faithful  messenger,  John 
Upton,  two  boxes,  purporting  to  contain  $25,000 
each,  in  gold,  sent  by  Express  from  the  U.  S.  Re- 
ceiver at  Dubuque,  Iowa.  For  reasons  which  I 
shall  render  presently,  Upton  suspected  that  the 
boxes  were  bogus.  Clark  was  of  the  same  opinion. 
After  remaining  in  the  American  Express  office,  62 
Broadway,  an  hour  and  a  half,  until  the  President 
came  in,  the  boxes  were  conveyed,  in  charge  of 
Henry  Wells,  to  the  office  of  the  U.  S.  Sub-Treasu- 
rer, where  they  were  opened  in  presence  of  that 
functionary  and  his  clerks,  and  Messrs.  Henry  Wells, 
Chas.  G.  Clark,  and  John  Upton,  andfoimd  to  con- 
tain only  bullets,  sheet  lead  and  brown  paper! 

The  inference  was,  that  either  at  Dubuque,  or^n 
route  to  New  York,  the  boxes  of  gold  originally 
received  had  been  rifled  or  exchanged  for  two  ex- 
actly like  them  externally,  but  almost  worthless  in 
fact.  The  feelings  of  the  Expressmen  may  be  bet- 
ter imagined  than  described.  Henry  Wells  assur- 
ed the  Bub-Treasurer  that  as  soon  as  his  Company 
should  be  satisfied  that  the  loss  occurred  after  the 
gold  had  been  put  in  charge  of  the  Express  at  Du- 
buque, the  amount  of  it  would  be  paid  into  the 
U.  S.  Treasury  without  delay.     In  the  course  of  a 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  185 

few  weeks,  a  thorough  investigation  at  Dubuque 
satisfied  the  Company  of  the  fact,  and  Alexander 
Holland,  the  New  York  Agent,  paid  into  the  U.  S. 
Sub-Treasury,  of  this  city,  the  sum  of  $50,000  with 
interest. 

In  the  meantime,  the  American  Express  Co.  had 
offered  a  large  reward  for  the  conviction  of  the 
robbers  and  recovery  of  the  money.  Nor  did  they 
spare  any  personal  pains  to  unravel  the  mystery. 
The  integrity  of  their  agent  at  Dubuque  was  above 
suspicion;  nor  could  they  see  any  reason  to  doubt 
the  fidelity  of  any  other  of  their  employees  who  had 
anything  to  do  with  the  boxes.  Weeks  and  months 
passed,  and  the  mystery  continued  as  profound  as 
ever,  when  unexpectedly  a  clue  was  obtained.  Two 
men,  William  C.  Ayer  and  Oliver  King,  residents 
of  Lowell,  Mass.,  and  known  to  have  been  intimate 
with  Samuel  C.  White,  the  messenger  of  the  Com- 
pany between  Chicago  and  Detroit,  were  very  flush 
of  gold  coin  not  long  after  the  robbery,  and  one  of 
them  deposited  $8,000  in  gold  in  the  Bank  at  Hav- 
erhill, Mass.,  accounting  for  it,  when  qucvstioned  af- 
terwards, by  saying  that  he  had  been  lucky  in  Cali^ 
fornia.  It  was  ascertained  also  by  Captain  Best, 
the  excellent  "  detective"  employed  upon  this  scent, 
(and  to  whom,  by  the  way,  great  praise  has  been 
awarded  for  his  sagacity  and  thoroughness  in  the 
case,)  that  these  two  men  were  in  Detroit  a  few 
days  prior  to  the  17th  of  September,  which  was  the 
date  of  the  agent's  receiving  the  boxes  in  charge. 


186  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

Upon  tliis  imperfect,  yet  important  evidence,  Ayer, 
King,  and  the  messenger.  White,  were  arrested. 
The  latter  had  been  employed  formerly  by  a  small 
Express  concern  in  the  Railroad  Exchange,  Boston. 

The  trial  of  the  prisoners  was  commenced  on  the 
18th  of  June,  1856,  at  Detroit,  Michigan,  and  last- 
ed several  days.  Judge  Douglass  was  on  the 
bench,  assisted  by  Judge  Wing.  Messrs.  Emmons 
and  Nye  conducted  the  prosecution,  and  Levi  Bish- 
op the  defence. 

Upon  a  table  in  front  of  the  jury  lay  four  small 
pine  boxes,  which  attracted  almost  as  much  atten- 
tion as  the  prisoners  themselves.  Two  of  the  boxes 
were  the  bogus  ones,  and  two  were  genuine.  The 
testimony  was  very  full  and  conclusive  against  the 
prisoners.  Daniel  0.  C.  Quigley,  a  son  of  the  U. 
S.  Receiver  at  Dubuque,  then  acting  as  his  clerk, 
testified  that  on  the  17th  September,  (1855,)  he 
packed  and  delivered  to  Edwin  Hayden,  Agent  at 
the  American  Express  office  in  that  place,  two  pine 
boxes  containing  $25,000  each,  in  five,  ten,  and 
twenty  dollar  gold  pieces,  but  chiefly  the  larger 
coin.  The  boxes  were  directed  "Assistant  Treas- 
urer, New  York."  Th^y  were  of  a  pattern  always 
used  by  the  Receiver  for  the  purpose,  and  all  he 
used  were  made  by  the  same  man.  The  witness 
was  in  the  custom  of  packing  and  sending  such 
boxes  by  express.  Only  corroborative  evidence 
was  elicited  upon  the  corroboration  of  this  witness. 
Edwin  Hayden,  the  Express  agent,  testified  that 


EXPRESS      HISTORY.  187 

he  received  the  described  boxes  (marked  as  con- 
taining $25,000  each,  in  gold)  at  the  time  sworn 
to  by  Quigley,  and  took  them  himself  the  next 
morning,  according  to  custom,  to  the  opposite  side 
of  the  river,  to  the  cars  in  Dunleith,  and  delivered 
them  to  J.  W.  Parker,  the  Express  messenger  who 
was  to  make  the  trip  to  Chicago.  His  reason  for 
not  sending  them  forward  the  same  evening  on 
which  they  were  received,  instead  of  keeping  them 
all  night  in  the  office,  because  the  only  express  run 
was  on  the  morning  train.  The  bogus  boxes,  since 
shown  to  him,  had  hemlock  bottoms,  instead  of 
pine,  as  usual — a  difference  which  he  would  have 
noticed  at  any  time.  He  was  confident  that  they 
were  not  the  ones  which  he  had  received  and  de- 
hvered  to  the  Express  messenger.  James  W.  Par- 
ker testified  that  he  received  the  boxes  of  gold,  as 
sworn  to  by  Hayden,  and  arriving  at  Chicago  at 
4.45  P.  M.,  delivered  them  to  Mr.  Raynor,  the 
checking  clerk  at  the  American  Express  office. 

Alexander  Raynor  testified  that  he  received  the 
two  boxes  on  the  18th  September,  from  Parker, 
and  locked  them  up  in  the  safe,  where  they  remain- 
ed about  two  hours,  until  transferred  to  the  keep- 
ing of  the  messenger  from  Chicago  to  Detroit,  Sam- 
uel C.  White,  now  on  trial.  White's  train  left  for 
Detroit  between  8.30  and  9  P.  M.  The  Express 
messenger  on  the  night  express  was  not  to  deliver 
any  way  packages.  John  Sutton,  one  of  the  Ex- 
press drivers,  conveyed  White  to  the  Detroit  cars, 


188  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

as  was  confirmed  by  his  testimony.  Henry  Kip,  of 
Bufifalo,  Superintendent  of  the  Western  Division  of 
the  American  Express  at  the  time,  testified,  that  on 
the  second  Friday  after  the  robbery  he  had  a  con- 
versation with  White  at  the  office  in  Detroit,  in 
which  the  latter  admitted  that  he  had  received  the 
boxes  as  stated,  and  rode  with  them  in  the  Compa- 
ny's wagon  to  the  depot,  and  put  them  into  his 
messenger  safe,  in  the  Express  car,  but  took  them 
out  when  about  12  miles  from  Detroit.  Upon  ar- 
riving at  the  depot,  he  met  the  Express  driver,  and 
putting  them  and  his  other  packages  into  the  wagon, 
drove  up  with  him  to  the  Company's  office  in  De- 
troit. Each  messenger  always  has  his  own  safe 
and  key.  The  duplicate  keys  of  the  safes  are  kept 
in  the  Buffalo  office.  W.  H.  Stow  testified  that  he 
was  checking  clerk  in  the  Detroit  office  at  the  time, 
the  19th  September,  and  received  from  White  two 
boxes,  which  were  next  delivered  to  Thaddeus  Day, 
the  messenger  between  Detroit  and  Buffalo.  Day 
testified  to  receiving,  on  the  19th  September,  two 
boxes,  said  to  contain  specie,  and  locking  them  up 
in  his  iron-bound  express  trunk.  Arriving  at  Sus- 
pension Bridge,  he  took  them  from  the  trunk  and 
put  them  in  the  baggage  car,  but  keeping  them  in 
sight  until  his  arrival  in  Buffalo,  where  he  deUvered 
them  to  the  Company's  receiving  clerk,  0.  A.  Judd; 
at  his  request,  placing  them  in  the  vault.  Judd's 
testimony  confirmed  Day's.  The  boxes  marked 
$25,000  each  were  brought  in  by  Day  about  10 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  189 

A.  M.  on  the  20th  September.  They  remained  in 
the  vault  until  2  P.  M.  Soon  after  they  wore 
delivered  to  Messenger  Mahon,  who  went  in  the 
train  East  at  4  P.  M.  Mahon  testified  to  receiving 
and  conveying  them  to  Albany,  where  he  delivered 
them  to  John  Upton,  the  Company's  messenger  from 
Albany  to  New  York,  at  the  New  York  Central 
Railroad  Depot,  about  half-past  4  on  the  morning 
of  the  21st  September.  John  Upton  testified  to 
his  careful  conveyance  of  the  boxes  to  the  New 
York  office.  On  the  road  between  Albany  and 
Poughkeepsie,  he  discovered  that  the  cover  of  one 
of  the  boxes  was  not  screwed  down  tight,  and,  on 
examining  it,  saw  something  inside  looking  more 
like  lead  than  gold.  At  31st  Street,  upon  unload- 
ing his  freight,  he  became  satisfied  that  the  box  was 
filled  with  bullets.  He  readily  discovered  the  dif- 
ference in  the  sound  of  the  rattling  from  the  jin- 
gling of  coin. 

Charles  G,  Clark  testified  that,  in  September, 
1855,  he  had  charge  of  the  money  delivering  de- 
partment of  the  American  Express  Company  in 
New  York;  and  on  the  21st  received  from  John 
Upton  two  boxes,  directed  to  the  Assistant  Treas- 
urer of  the  United  States,  at  New  York,  and  each 
marked  as  containing  $25,000.  In  an  hour  and  a 
half  after  receiving  them,  he  went  with  them,  in  a 
wagon,  to  the  Assistant  Treasurer's  office,  accom- 
panying Henry  Wells  and  John  Upton.  Assisting 
the  Treasurer's  clerks  in  opening  them,  in  presence 


100  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

of  them  all,  he  found  them  to  contain  bullets  and 
sheet  lead,  with  a  piece  of  paper  in  the  top  of  each 
box.  Upton  had  called  his  attention  to  one  of  the 
boxes  before  leaving  the  office. 

Henry  Wells  corroborated  Clark^s  testimony. 
He  had  compared  the  bogus  boxes  when  emptied 
with  those  that  had  been  used  in  the  transportation 
of  coin,  and  observed  on  the  sides  of  one  indenta- 
tions made  by  bullets;  in  the  other  a  deep  mark, 
from  which  all  present  inferred  that  the  boxes  had 
never  contained  coin,  for  that  usually  leaves  its  own 
stamp.  He  pointed  out  to  the  jury  the  indentations 
of  coin  in  a  genuine  box.  Since  the  robbery,  the 
$50,000  had  been  paid  into  the  U.  S.  Treasury. 

William  A.  Gregg  testified  that  he  lived  in  Bos- 
ton, and  knew  all  three  of  the  prisoners;  on  the  3d 
of  September  last,  fell  accidently  into  the  com- 
pany of  Ayer  and  King,  and  travelled  with  them  to 
Buffalo.     They  carried  only  valises. 

Alfred  H.  Stillman,  clerk  at  the  Tremont  House 
in  Detroit,  testified  that  Ayer  and  King  took  lodg- 
ings at  that  hotel  on  the  7th  of  September,  and  left 
on  the  10th.  White  was  with  them  much  of  the 
time.  He  boarded  at  the  same  house:  sometimes 
wanted  to  borrow  small  sums  of  money. 

It  was  proved,  also,  that  shortly  after  the  robbery 
the  three  prisoners  were  seen  together  upon  the 
Railroad  train,  and  at  a  hotel  in  Chicago:  Ayer 
and  King  were  very  prodigal  in  the  use  of  gold 
coin.     About  a  month  subsequent  to  the  robbery, 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  101 

White  left  the  employ  of  the  Express,  giving  as  a 
reason  the  utter  inadequacy  of  the  messenger's  sal- 
ary to  the  expense  of  living.  The  reason  was  nat- 
urally regarded  as  valid,  for  no  one  could  deny  the 
truth  of  it,  and  suspicion  had  not  as  yet  rested  up- 
on him.  There  was  evidence  of  lavish  expendi- 
tures made  by  him  after  his  discharge,  and  of  his 
intimacy  with  Ayer  and  King,  who  in  the  mean- 
time were  investing  in  real  estate,  &c.  Nor  could 
any  evidence  be  brought  forward  to  prove  that  they 
had  come  honestly  by  their  ill-gotten  riches,  or  ob- 
tained it  in  any  other  way  than  by  the  robbery  with 
which  they  were  charged.  The  evidence  was  entire- 
ly circumstantial,  but  it  was  amply  sufficient  to  sat- 
isfy the  jury  of  their  guilt.  A  verdict  was  rendered 
accordingly,  and  the  three  robbers  were  sentenced 
to  long  terms  of  incarceration  in  the  State  Prison. 
No  portion  of  the  stolen  money  was  ever  recover- 
ed, nor  dared  the  Company  attach  the  real  and  per- 
sonal estate  owned  by  Ayer  and  King,  and  manifestly 
purchased  with  the  stolen  gold.  They  put  an  injunc- 
tion upon  its  sale,  however,  and  it  is  still  in  force. 

The  most  Remarkable  Express  Robbery. 

By  far  the  largest  and  most  singular  Express 
robbery  that  has  ever  occurred,  took  place  at  a 
time  when  the  business  was  comparatively  new. 
The  following  are  the  particulars:  On  Thanksgiv- 
ing Day,  (in  November,  1843,)  Pullen  &  Copp's 
messenger  started  from  Albany  for  New  York,  hav- 

18 


192  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

ing  in  charge,  besides  his  own  matters,  Pomeroy  & 
Co.'s  Express  trunk  for  delivery  at  the  office  in  this 
city.  A  portion  of  his  journey  was  made  in  stages, 
and  the  last  sixty  or  seventy  miles  in  the  steam- 
boat, the  river  being  filled  with  ice  above. 

The  season  was  already  inclement,  for,  early  as  it 
was,  winter  had  set  in.  Under  the  most  favorable 
circumstances,  it  would  have  been  a  very  tedious  and 
fatiguing  journey.  To  P.  &  C.'s  messenger  it  was 
exceedingly  so,  for  it  was  a  return  trip  without  the 
usual  pause  for  rest.  Owing  to  the  inclemency  of 
the  weather  and  the  badness  of  the  roads,  he  had 
not  arrived  in  Albany  until  it  was  time  to  start 
upon  his  return.  Exhausted  nature  pleaded  for 
repose,  but  the  calls  of  duty  were  imperative,  and 
he  set  out  again  upon  his  toilsome  way.  Few  mes- 
sengers, in  these  days,  have  an  adequate  idea  of  the 
hardships  of  the  occupation  in  those  earUer  times. 
We  do  not  say  it  to  the  disparagement  of  the  present 
men.  While  some  of  them  have  an  easy  though 
responsible  berth,  there  are  numerous  Express  mes- 
sengers who  work  hard  for  their  money,  especially 
in  the  winter  season;  and  considering  the  risks  which 
they  run,  we  are  free  to  admit  that,  as  a  general 
thing,  they  are  not  paid  as  well  as  we  could  wish 
rliey  were;  but,  though  the  responsibility  of  the 
messengers  has  been  materially  increased,  their  work 
is  not  as  fatiguing  as  it  was  at  that  period,  when  a 
portion  of  every  express  route  had  to  be  travelled  (at 
least  in  the  winter)  with  stages,  wagons,  or  sleighs. 


EXPRESS      HISTORY.  193 

Poor  C.  had  the  hardest  kind  of  a  time  in  get- 
ting to  Xew  York  on  the  occasion  referred  to,  and 
we  doubt  whether  he  was  in  a  Thanksgiving  mood 
until  the  day  following,  when  the  steamboat  reach- 
ed her  pier  in  this  city. 

The  boat  was  crowded  with  passengers  and  freight, 
for  she  was  the  only  medium  of  conveyance,  and 
the  tired  messenger  was  forced  to  snatch  what  sleep 
he  got,  sitting  upon  a  desk-stool  in  the  clerk's  office. 
Close  at  hand  was  Pomeroy  &  Co.'s  Express  trunk, 
which  he  had  ready  to  deliver  to  their  driver  as  soon 
as  the  boat  should  have  reached  the  dock.  Owing 
to  the  uncertainty  of  her  arrival,  the  Express  wagon 
was  not  there,  and  as  there  was  every  reason  for 
haste,  he  concluded  that  he  had  better  go  after  it. 
He  went,  accordingly,  after  having  requested  the 
clerk  to  have  an  eye  to  his  trunk,  which  he  had 
placed  within  view,  on  deck,  just  outside  of  the 
clerk's  office.  His  proper  course  was  to  remain 
with  his  trunk,  and  to  have  sent  some  one  for  the 
wagon,  or  a  cart;  but  he  left  it,  as  we  have  said: 
probably  he  had  no  idea  of  its  immense  value. 
When  he  returned  for  it,  the  trunk  was  gone  !  In 
a  hurry  he  questioned  the  clerk,  but  neither  that 
functionary  nor  anybody  else  on  board  would  admit 
that  he  knew  anything  about  it.  Seriously  alarm- 
ed, and  full  of  self-reproaches,  the  unfortunate  mes- 
senger knew  not  what  to  think  nor  which  way  to 
turn.  All  his  inquiries  and  search  for  it  being  un- 
successful, he  at  length  carried  the  evil  tidings  to 


194  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

Pomeroy  &  Co.  It  is  no  exaggeration  of  the  truth 
to  say  that  they  were  struck  aghast  by  the  inteUi- 
gence,  for  that  trunk  contained  hank  notes  amount' 
ing  to  several  hundred  thousafid  dollars  /  A  portion 
of-it  ($130,000)  consisted  of  sheets  of  Union  Bank 
notes,  registered,  but  not  signed  by  the  bank  offi- 
cers, and  there  was  about  $60,000  belonging  to 
Drew,  Robinson  &  Co.,  ready  for  use.  With  the 
exception  of  a  single  $500  note,  no  description  of 
the  money  had  been  retained  by  the  banker  in 
*  *  *  from  whom  the  Express  had  received 
it.  Crawford  Livingston  and  Major  PuUen  imme- 
diately notified  the  owners  of  the  notes  of  their  loss, 
and  the  description  of  the  $500  bill  was  furnished 
to  all  the  bankers  and  brokers  in  the  city.  Henry 
Wells,  also,  had  detectives  at  work  to  obtain  a  clue 
to  the  robbery.  Suspicion  rested  temporarily  upon 
the  unfortunate  messenger  and  two  equally  respect- 
able hotel  keepers,  one  of  whom  belonged  to  Syra- 
cuse and  the  other  to  New  York,  both  men  of 
property.  The  three  had  been  seen  talking  to- 
gether on  the  route  to  New  York  not  many  hours 
prior  to  the  robbery;  and  coupling  this  trivial  cir- 
cumstance with  the  incredible  story  of  the  messen- 
ger, that  he  had  left  the  trunk  containing  so  much 
money  upon  the  deck  of  the  steamer  with  no  one 
to  guard  it,  the  officers  thought  it  afforded  sufficient 
justification  for  the  arrest  of  the  gentlemen !  It 
was  a  damnable  thing  to  do — bringing  temporary 
odium  and  life-long  regret  to  these  innocent  per- 


EXPRESS      HISTORY.  195 

sons  and  their  families;  but  arrests  upon  mere  sus- 
picion are  common,  and  in  this  case  the  two  hotel 
keepers  were  speedily  released,  nothing  of  any  ac- 
count appearing  against  them.  In  the  meantime, 
every  effort  was  used  by  many  shrewd  heads  to 
ferret  out  the  real  robber,  but  in  vain.     At  length, 

just  one  month  after  the  loss,  the  teller  of  the 

Bank  found  among  the  bills  deposited  that  day  by 
a  very  worthy  firm  of  German  merchants,  doing 
business  at  No. Street,  a  $500  note  answer- 
ing exactly  to  the  description,  which  had  been  left 
with  him,  of  one  in  the  stolen  package  of  $60,000. 
There  could  be  no  question  of  its  identity,  and  had 
the  teller  taken  the  case  immediately  in  hand  him- 
self, and  worked  it  out  to  its  final  result,  as  he  might 
have  done  very  easily,  he  would  have  obtained  the 
large  reward  ($10,000)  which  had  been  offered; 
but  the  next  day  he  notified  the  Express  Co.  of  his 
discovery,  and  left  all  further  action  in  the  matter 
to  them.  Messrs.  Livingston  &  Wells  and  Major 
PuUen,  as  may  well  be  conceived,  pursued  the  scent 
with  the  utmost  avidity.  The  depositors  of  the  note 
stated  that  they  had  received  it  for  a  cash  purchase 
of  goods,  on  the  day  on  which  they  had  sent  it  to  the 
bank,  from  a  German  merchant  belonging  to  Mil- 
waukie,  named  Lackner,  whom  they  believed  was 
still  in  the  city.  One  of  the  firm  accompanied  an  offi- 
cer, in  order  to  identify  Lackner,  and  in  the  course 
of  a  day  or  two  he  was  seen  by  them  in  Broadway, 
and  followed  by  them  to  his  lodgings  in  Delancey 


196  EXPRESS     HISTOEY. 

Street,  where  they  found  him  in  company  with  a 
modest  and  pretty  young  woman,  whom  he  had  mar- 
ried in  New  York  since  the  robbery,  in  which,  by  the 
way,  it  subsequently  appeared  she  had  had  no  hand. 

Lackner  offered  no  resistance  to  arrest,  but  con- 
fessed that  he  had  taken  the  messenger's  trunk 
from  the  boat,  and  covering  it  with  a  buffalo  robe, 
conveyed  it  to  his  room.  He  suspected  it  was  valu- 
able, as  he  knew  the  Express  messengers  carried  a 
good  deal  for  the  banks,  but  he  was  not  prepared 
upon  opening  it  to  see  it  so  full  of  money.  And 
here  we  must  remark,  that  the  trunk  had  two  com- 
mon inside  locks  to  it,  and  was  not  at  all  like  those 
now  in  use.  The  sheets  of  bank  notes,  not  signed, 
he  said  he  had  put  into  the  stove  and  burnt  up,  and 
this  was  confirmed  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  Union  Bank,  and  others,  for  a  mass  of 
the  cinders,  and  some  unburnt  fragments  of  the 
bills,  were  found  in  the  flue  of  the  chimney.  All, 
or  nearly  all,  the  rest  of  the  money  was  recovered. 

Lackner  was  committed  to  prison,  and  hung  him- 
self the  same  night.  His  unhappy  bride,  so  soon  a 
widow,  was  an  object  of  commiseration.  She  went 
soon  afterwards,  we  believe,  to  Milwaukie,  but  we 
know  nothing  of  her  subsequent  history. 

Another  Express  astonisher  is  known  among  the 
craft  as  the  Rochester  robbery.  It  occurred  some 
12  or  13  years  ago  in  the  R.  R.  Depot  at  Roches- 
ter, in  this  state.  The  trunk  of  the  messenger  of 
Wells  &  Co.,  containing  a  very  large  amount  of 


EXPRESS     HISTORY.  197 

bank  money,  was  stolen,  and  another  trunk,  exactly 
corresponding  to  it  in  appearance,  substituted  in 
its  place.  In  short,  it  was  a  plot  very  similar  to 
that  used  in  the  robbery  of  the  two  boxes  of  gold 
three  years  ago,  and  through  the  exertions  of  Henry 
Wells,  and  that  excellent  detective,  Col.  A.  M.  C. 
Smith,  (now,  and  for  some  years  past,  Freight  Su- 
perintendent of  the  American  Express,)  the  robbers 
were  brought  to  justice,  and  the  money  recovered. 

Wm.  F.  Harnden  had  a  great  hatred  of  thieves, 
and  nothing  delighted  him  more  than  to  balk,  ex- 
pose, and  punish  them.  His  pockets,  when  he  trav- 
elled much  in  the  cars  and  steamboats,  were  a  trap 
for  the  pickpockets  abroad,  and  by  this  means  he 
would  catch  them  in  the  act,  and  put  them  under 
arrest.  It  is  said  that  on  one  occasion  a  pick- 
pocket was  a  little  too  much  for  him,  for  he  suc- 
ceeded in  abstracting  the  tempting  pocket  book, 
(full  of  worthless  notes,)  without  his  knowing  it, 
greatly  to  the  expressman's  chagrin. 

At  the  outset  of  Harnden's  brief  but  glorious  Ex- 
press career,  the  people  of  the  very  sedate  and  vir- 
tuous city  of  Boston  were  horrified  one  morning 
by  the  announcement  in  the  papers,  that  during  the 
night  the  store  of  the  jewelers,  Jones,  Lows  &  Co., 
had  been  robbed  of  more  than  $30,000  worth  of 
silver  plate.  Either  $3,000  or  $5,000  were  offered 
as  a  reward  for  the  conviction  of  the  robbers  and 
recovery  of  the  property.  The  police  officers  (in 
those  "  good  old  days"  called  constables)  were  on 


198  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

the  qui  vive.  Derastus  Clapp,  the  famous  detect- 
ive, was  on  the  alert;  but  it  was  reserved  for  an 
expressman  to  obtain  the  clue  and  ferret  out  the 
robber.  Harnden  stuck  to  his  express  duties  as 
usual,  but,  nevertheless,  his  active  brain  was  busy, 
and  the  requisite  senses  were  bent  upon  discover- 
ing who  stole  the  silver  plate. 

It  was  not  long  before  his  skill  and  untiring  per- 
severance were  rewarded.  He  traced  the  robbery 
home  to  its  perpetrator — a  noted  villain  whom  he 
had  seen  often  in  the  cars — and,  with  the  valuable 
assistance  of  Clapp,  the  robber  was  arrested  and  all 
the  stolen  goods  recovered.  The  officer,  we  believe, 
received  the  reward,  or  a  portion  of  it.  Harnden 
generously  declining  to  receive  a  share  of  it,  was 
presented  by  the  grateful  jewelers  with  a  valuable 
gold  watch  suitably  inscribed. 

Express  Routine. 

THE    QUALIFICATIONS   AND   DUTIES    OF   AGENTS,    MESSENGERS, 
CLERKS   AND   DRIVERS. 

Extraordinary  care  and  judgment  should  be 
used  by  Express  proprietors  and  superintendents 
in  the  selection  of  their  agents,  clerks,  messengers 
and  drivers.  Indeed,  however  humble  the  duty  of 
the  employee,  it  is  in  his  power  (or  he  may  be 
made  a  tool  in  the  hands  of  designing  knaves)  to 
injure  the  Express  Company. 

The  mass  of  men— even  those  famihar  with  mer- 


EXPRBSS     HISTORY.  199 

cantile  affairs,  are  not  adapted  naturally  to  the 
duties  of  Express  agents.  It  is  of  some  import- 
ance that  the  agent  should  enjoy  the  respect  and 
friendly  regard  of  the  community  in  which  he  is 
located;  but  this  of  itself  does  not  fit  him  for  his 
duties.  He  should  be  constantly  alive  to  the  re- 
sponsibility of  his  position,  assiduous  in  his  atten- 
tion to  the  work  assigned  to  him,  and  prompt  in 
the  execution  of  it.  Accustomed  to  receiving  and 
forwarding  large  amounts  of  money  and  valuables, 
his  natural  tendency  is  to  suffer  his  watchfulness  to 
diminish,  which  of  course  is  wrong.  A  want  of 
caution  is  inherent  in  mankind.  We  see  or  hear 
of  this  failing  constantly,  even  in  those  whose  lives 
are  a  constant  scene  of  danger.  The  soldier  and 
sailor  are  proverbially  careless.  The  engineer, 
upon  his  locomotive,  dashing  along  by  the  brink  of 
precipices,  over  a  route  strewn  with  the  debris  of 
numerous  railroad  catastrophies,  has  been  known  to 
sleep  at  his  post.  It  was  but  for  a  minute  or  two, 
perhaps,  and  it  may  have  been  a  very  rare  thing, 
but  carelessness  almost  as  great  as  that  is  by  no 
means  uncommon.  It  cannot  be  wondered  at, 
then,  that  Express  agents  and  their  clerks  should 
in  some  instances  prove  to  be  lacking  in  watchful- 
ness; still  it  does  not  justify  them,  and  the  em- 
ployee so  offending  should  be  immediately  dis- 
charged. The  company  has  too  much  at  stake  to 
intrust  it  to  such  hands.  When  we  reflect  that 
millions  of  dollars^  in  charge  of  the  Express,  are 

18* 


200  EXPRESS     HISTORY. 

in  transitu  daily,  entirely  at  the  mercy  of  the 
agents  and  messengers,  the  importance  of  having 
only  those  who  are  faithful  and  careful,  constant- 
ly, demands  no  further  demonstration.  The  em- 
ployees who  are  to  fill  these  responsible  berths 
should  be  selected  cautiously,  and  never  with  a  view 
to  their  cheapness.  Their  antecedents  (to  make 
use  of  a  term  which  has  lately  come  into  fashion) 
ought  to  be  carefully  inquired  into,  and  their  pres- 
ent habits,  too,  are  a  fit  subject  for  consideration. 
Had  this  been  done  in  the  case  of  one  messenger, 
at  least,  it  would  have  saved  him  from  a  crime 
which  has  carried  him  to  a  State  Prison,  and  the 
Express  Company  from  a  loss  of  not  less  than 
$30,000. 

What  we  have  said  of  the  necessity  of  watch- 
fulness in  Express  agents  will  apply  with  equal, 
or  perhaps  greater  force  to  Express  messengers. 
They  should  always  bear  in  mind,  that  great  as  is 
their  bodily  exposure  to  accidents,  their  reputation 
should  be  as  dear  to  them  as  life  or  limb.  In  case 
a  loss  occurs  of  any  money  parcel  or  valuable  pack- 
age in  his  charge,  the  messenger  has  to  bear  no 
inconsiderable  share  of  the  onus  of  it.  The  un- 
charitable and  mean-minded  will  not  hesitate  to 
suspect  him  of  the  robbery,  however  irreproacha- 
ble may  be  his  moral  character.  It  behooves  him, 
therefore,  to  be  always  vigilant  and  attentive  to  his 
trust. 

Express  clerks  are  usually  a  very  worthy  class 


202 


EXPRESS     HISTOET. 


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ADAMS  EXPRESS  COMPANY. 

BostOBy  AliVIIV  ADAmS.  E.  "W,  PARSONS,  SnperintenfleBt. 

EASTERN  DIVISION. 


HAETFOKD,  PROV.  &  PISHKILL  K.  R. 

OFFICE.  AGENT. 

Hartford Daniel  Phillips 

Manchester J.  O.  Spencer 

Willimantic J.  Walden 

South  Windham S.  S.  Weaver 

Baltic J.  E.  Jewett 

Moosap Geo.  Dunlap 

Sterling. D.  H.  Freeman 

Coffin's  Road D.  W.  Burnap 

Anthony R.  Harvey 

Washington J.  M.  Spencer 

Bristol G.  M.  Mitchell 

Plainville R.  Neale 

Oneco John  Fahey 

NEW  YORK  ft  NEW  HAVEN  R.  R. 

New  York W.  L.  Crane 

New  Haven W.  Webb 

Bridgeport H.  R.  Parrott 

Waterbury E.  M.  Hardy 

Milford Wm.  Strong 

Stratford A.  B.  Judd 

Fairfield J.  C.  Nichols 

Westport H.  Allen 

Southport A.  Jennings 

Norwalk G.  W.  Jennings 

Darien H.Bell 

Stamford George  H.  Hoyt 

Port  Chester J.  Marshall 

New  Rochelle. M.  Hoyt 

HOTJSATONIC  R.  R. 

Pittsfield E.  B.  Wilson 

Stepney A.  Piatt 

Newtown J.  Bottsford 

Hawleysville D.  P.  Hawley 

Brookfield L.  G.  Knapp 

N.  Milford F.  Boardman 

Merwinsville S.  Merwin 

Kent A.St.  John 

Cornwall  Br H.  C.  Gregory 

W.  Cornwall S.  P.  Judson 

Falls  Village W.  H.  Matson 

Canaan W.  W.  Williams 

Sheffield Jay  J.  Kellogg 

Great  Barrington T.  M.  Chapin 

Housatonic J.  S.  Stone 

Glendale E.  Wentworth 

Stockbridge S.  Rockwell 

So.  Lee E.  B.  Manley 


OFFICE.  AGENT. 

Lee R.  H.  Booth 

Lenox  Furnace W.  Thomas 

Lenox W.  O.  Curtis 

Van  Deusenville J.  Soudant 

NAUGATUCK. 

Derby L.  G.  Wilcoxson 

Ansonia E.  W.  Webster 

Seymour P.  B.  Buckingham 

Naugatuck L.  M.  Booth 

Waterville W.  Pickett 

Plymouth H.  Baldwin 

Litchfield W.  Butler 

Wolcottville H.  B.  Richards 

Union  City J.  H.  Whittemore 

Naugatuck  Junction  . .  A.  T.  Curtis 

CANAL. 

CoUinsville A.  Williams 

Hitchcock  Station H.  Bradley 

Cheshire T.  B.  Payne 

Granby G.  W.  Holcomb 

Westfield H.  C.  Gates 

Southington O.  D.  Woodruff 

HARTFORD  &  SPRINGFIELD  R.  R. 

Wallingford S.  N.  Edmonds 

Berlin W.  W.  Norton 

Middletown H.  Harrington 

Windsor  Locks A.  H.  Putnam 

Windor A.  H.  Mack 

Thompsonville Albert  Ray 

Warehouse  Point  ...  .V.  Warner 

NEW  LONDON  &  NEW  HAVEN  R.  R. 

New  London P.  Turner 

Norwich E.  P.  Slocum 

Westbrook H.  S,  Bartlett 

Clinton J.  C.  Chittenden 

Madison G.  N.  Wilcox 

Lyme T.Johnson 

Guilford C.  E.  Crittenden 

Say  brook L.  Redfield 

NORWALK  &  DANBUEY  R.  R. 

Bethel T.  B.  Wheeler 

Wilton J.  R.  Comstock 

Cannon  Station Wm.  Dudley 


207 

WESTERN  DIVISION. 

AliFBED    OAITHEB,    S.n  pcrintendenf 


OFFICE.  STATE, 

Amanda Ohio. 

Athens " 

Acton Ind.  . 

Adams " 

Amity " 

Aurora " 

Austin *• 

Anna 111. . . 

Ashley " 

Barnesville Ohio. 

Bellair " 

Belmont " 

Blanchester " 

Bloomfield " 

Bowensville " 

Bremen ** 

Bridgeport " 

Batesville Ind. . 

Bedford " 

Belleville " 

Bloomington   . .     " 

Brazil   " 

Brownstown  . ,  " 
Butlerville  ....  " 
Bridgeport  ....111..  ., 

Bagdad Ky.  . 

Belleview •* 

Boston " 

Boyd's ♦• 

Blairsville Mo.  , , 

Bowling  Green. Ky.  .. 

Cadiz Ohio, 

Cambridge " 

Campbell's " 

Chillicothe " 

Cincinnati    " 

Circleville    " 

Clarksville " 

Claypool " 

Columbus     '* 

Concord    " 

Cutler " 

Coshocton    " 

Carlisle Ind. . 

Cartersburgh ...  " 

Clayton    " 

Cloverdale " 

Columbus " 

Currysville ** 

Cairo 111.    . 

Carbondale  ....  " 

Carlyle " 

Centralia  ......  " 

Central  City    . .  « 

Clermont •* 


.J.  H.  Sunderman 
G.  H.  Stewart 

J.  D.  Pleak 

B.  W.  Bush 
J.  B.  Wilson 

.C.  Shick 

J.  J.  Van  Dyke 
.C.  Judkins 

A.  Stewart 

E.  Faucett  &  Bro. 

S.  Baldwin 

J.  Blackburn 

Latimer  &  Custer 

E.  J.  Gardner 

G.  L.  Clark 
.  D.  Kipper 

P.  T.  Vestal 

J.  H.  Davis 

J.  W.  Carter 

T.  H.  Senin 

R.  H.  Sawyer 

J.  K.  Hamilton 
.  T.  J.  Warner 
.M.  Red  ford 

Whitehead 

J.  Carpenter 

P.  &  L.  C.  Boyd 
.J.  T.  Farris 
J.I.  &  J.  E.  Young- 
love 
.  A.  F.  Moore 

J.  Fordyce 

J.  Gibson 

M.  Sparks 

C.  Woodward 
A.  Beach 
P.  R.  Cliver 

H.  R.  Beeson 
Speer,  Patterson 
&Co. 

E.  Denmead 
W.F.Mason 

A.  F.  Shirts 
Lockheart  &  Bro. 

B.  Grass 
H.  B.  Hogue 

D.  Brownson 
,L.  Jorgenser 

W.  S.  Mason 

G.  W.  Hayne 

T.  Wight 

J.  C.  Gall 

J.  R.  &  T.  Johnson 


OFFICE.  STA.TE.  AGENT. 

Clay  City 111.    . .  J.  J.  McCawley 

Coloma "      H.  Watkins 

Covington    Ky.  .  .S.  Reynolds  &  Son 

Cynthiana    "      T.  R.  Rankin 

Cadett Mo.  .  .A.  Long 

Dresden    Ohio.  .P.  Rouey 

Delaware Ind.  . .  J.  S.  Little 

Dupont *'      R.  Winterstein 

De  Soto    Ill J.  H.  Storer 

Du  Quoin "      A.  J.  Mitchell 

Danville Ky.  ..S.P.Barber 

DeSoto    Mo.  ..C.B.  Fletcher 

Dongola    Ill Geo.  Little 

Edinburgh    Ind.  . .  J.  De  Hart 

Elizabethtown,.     "      J.  B.  Newcomb  & 
Co. 

EUettsville "      J.  McCampbell 

Evansville    ....     ''      G.  H.  Fith 

Eminence Ky.  ..D.Thomson 

Fairview Ohio. . 

Frankfort ♦'      W.  Rittenhouse 

Frazersburgh  . .     •*      E.  L.  Lement 

Fairland  Ind.  . .  W.  Judkins 

Fillmore   "      H.Ellis 

Fort  Ritner "      L  T.  Reed 

Franklin "      J.  W.  Kightley 

Flora    111.    ..E.P.Turner 

Falmouth Ky.  .  .R.  Tomlinson 

Frankfort "      G.W.Owen 

Gibson    Ohio . .  S.  G.  Yakey 

Glencoe    "      Lochrey 

Goshen  Pike    . .     "      A.  C.  Fry 

Greenfield    "      J.  A.  Cheever 

Gosport    Ind.  . .  J.  M.  Cash 

Green  Castle  . .     "      J.  Allen 
Greensburgh    . .     "      C.  Bryan 

Greenwood "      S.  Frazier 

Guilford    "      C.  W.  Robinson 

Georgetown     .  .Ky.  .  .B.  F.  Williams 

Gallatin    Tenn..W.  H.  Yates 

Glendale Ky.  ..J.B.Walker 

Hamden Ohio.  .B.  J.  Lowe 

Hillsboro "      W.  H.  Glenn 

Harrodsburgh  .  .Ind.  .  .D.  Jones 

Hazleton "      T.  Johnson 

Henry ville "      E.  B.  Guernsey 

Holton "      C.  Boswell 

Huron "      J.  W.  Bartlett 

Hadley 111. . . .  Robinson  &  Grier 

Harrodsburgh.  .Ky.  .  .J.  F.  Woods 

Hopewell Mo.  .  .J.  Evans 

Hutchinson Ky.  .  .M.  Hutchinson 

Indianapolis Ind.  . .  J.  G.  Obr 

Ironton Mo.  .  .Taylor  &  Servioo 

Iron  Mountain. .     "      J.  W.  S.  Boyce 

Jackson    Ohio.  .Bunn  <&  Bra 

Jefferson  ville  .  .Ind.  . .  J.  H.  Miles 


!08 


OFFICE. 


STATE. 


Ind.  . 

111.    . 

Ky.  . 

ks  Mo.  . 

Ohio. 


Jonesville     . 
Jonesboro. . . 
Jericho. .    .  . 
Jefferson  Bar 
Lagrange. . . 
Leesburgh    . 
Lexington    . 
Lynchburgh . 
Loveland. .  . 
Lawrenceburg 
London . . 
Loogootu 
Lawrenceville 
Lebanon   . . . 
Lagrange , . . 
Lexington    . 
Louisville. .. 
Lancaster... 
Labanon  . . . 

Loretto 

Marietta 

Marshfield  . 
Martinsville. 
McArthurs  . 
McCoy's.... 
Milwood  . . . 

Monroe 

Morrow 

Madison    . . . 

Medora 

Memphis  . . . 
Mitcuell 
Moore's  Hill 
Mound  City. 
Midway     , . . 
Mumfordsville 
Martinsville 
Newark     . . 
New  Market 
New  Comerst'wn 
New  Holland 
New  Lexington 
New  Vienna 
New  Albany 
North  Vernon 
Nebraska  . . . 
New  Point    . 

Noble    

Nicholasville 
New  Haven. 

Nolen 

Osgood  

Orleans 

Oak  Station . 

Odin 

Olney  

O'Fallou's.  . 
Pittsburgh    . 
Portsmouth  . 
Philadelphia  Road 
PortWashingtoa 


Ind. 


111. 
Ky. 


Ohio, 


Ind. 


111.    . 
Ky.  . 

Ohio. 


Ind. 
Ind. 


111. 

Ky. 

Ind. 

« 
111. 


Pa.  . 

Ohio, 


.Hayes  &  See 

.C.  Shiel 

.Moore  &  Maddox 

.M.Smith 

.  Bracken&Rodgers 

C.  M.  Bentley 

R.  Chambers 

N.  W.  Cummings 

G.  K.  Smith 
.J.  P.  Chew 

E.  K.  Long 
.J.  B.  Adams 

J.  &  J.  Blair 
.  Hapwood  jfeGibson 

J.  Harper 

S.  A.  Jones 

R.  C.  Daniels 

Cardwell&Edelen 

O 'Brian  &  Ballard 
.  D.  G.  Mathews 

H.  Boden 

J.  Wood 

S.  Isaminger 

C.  C.  Breneman 

L.  B.  Biggs 

W.  Reddish 

C.  T.  Hunt 
.R.C.  Weldrum 

W.  Dibb 

I.  Deitz 

H.  U.  Manley 

J.  H.  Long 
.  R.  C.  Daniel 
.G.  W.  OcKeal 

Jno.  T.  Brown 
.1.  M.  Townsend 

D.  D.  Jewett 
W.  Creal 
Nugan  &  Smith 
N.  R.  Ferguson 
P.  Bastian 

A.  J.  Amberg 
.C.  Pink 
.A.  P.  Huckleberry 

P.  Rooney 

.  R.  Rowland 
.G.  W.  Stewart 

H.  Buler 

Phillips  &  Dorsey 
.F.  Miller 

J.  F.  Kimbly 

A.  &  G.  Bond 

F.Root 

T.  P.  Lawrence 

Peach  &  Simmons 
.Geo.  Bingham 
.  W.  S.  McColen 

Lacey 

I.  Angel 


OFFICE. 


Portland 
Patoka  . . 
Plainfield 


Putnamville. 
Pierceville  . 
Pulaski ...    . 

Paris 

Paris 

Pilot  Knob  . 
Queensville  . 

Quincy 

Roseville  . . . 
Rush  Run. . . 
Rusville  . , . 
Rockford  . . . 
Richview  . .. 
Spencer's. .. 
Salesville... 
Steubenville 
Stoutsville 

Salem , 

Sabina 

Stanton. . . . 
Seymour  . . , 
Sholbyville 

Salem 

Sullivan  . . . 
St.  Paul    . . , 

Sparles 

Shoalds  . . , 
Synman's  . . 
Sandoval  . . , 
South  Ross  . 

Salem 

Sumner.. 
Summerfield 
Smithfield     . 

Scipio   

Shepardsville 
St.  Marys. . . 
Torre  Haute 
Taylorsville 
Trenton  . . 
Tamorra  . . 
Urichsville 
Unionport 

Ullin 

Upton   

Vinton  Furnace 
Vincennes    . 
Vanwedden's 

Vernon 

Vienna 

Wellsville  . 
Washington. 
Willmiugton 
Westboro  . . . 
Williamsport 
Washington . 
Waldron  . . . 


STATE. 

Ohio. 
Ind.  . 


AGENT. 

,  J.  J.  Jones 
.J.  Corbett 

Sanders  &  Easter- 
ling 

W.  M.  Waldron 


111.    . 
Ky.  . 

Mo.  . 
Ind.  . 

(( 

Ohio, 


Ind.. 

111. 

Ohio. 


Ind. 


111. 


Ky.  . 

Ind.. 

111.    . 

Ohio 

111.  . 
Ky.  . 
Ohio 
Ind.  . 


Ohio. 


Ind. 


.H.  T.  Brent 
J.  R.  Lyle 

L.  P  Cone 

P.  Buck 
.W.  Leiuhart 

W.  B.  Lytten 

F.  H.  Barr 
.L.  T.Davis 

T.  B.  Needles 
.Fordyce  &  Shipley 

M.  M.  Garrett 

D.  Myers 

W.  Stout 

S.  A.  Langdon 

J.  Theobold 

Shields  &  Ewing 

B.  Johnson 

C.  H.  Buck 
Pierce  &  Kelly 

B.  Jenkins 
Geo.  Miller 
O'Brien  &  Baker 

C.  Marsh 
.B.  W.  Carter 

D.  Gow 

L.  W.  Drake 

S.  Knox 

T.  B.  Peeples 

Guthrie  «fe  Hannon 

J.  F.  Draper 

J.  Chaddick 

B.  J.  Spaulding 
.W.  C.  Lupton 

S.  Steinberger 
.J.  Meguire 

N.  Holt 
.J.  W.  Bukey 

Harvey  &  Vorhes 
.W.J.  Waters 
.G.  W.  Upton 
.H.  C.  Vincent 
.J.  Reynolds 

H  T.  Lellse 

H.  T.  Varoter 

I.  Hougland 
.P.  L.  Mackintosh 

W.  B.  Smith 

J.  Rutherford 

L.  Racket 

O.  R.  Davis 
.J.  R.  Clark 

Hahn  &  McCain 


209 


OFFICE.          STATE. 

Wheatland   ....Ind.  . 
Waynesville     . .    "    . 

Wetaug     111. 

Wheeling Va.  . 

West  Lafayette.. Ohio 

AGENT. 

.W.H.Wallace 
.J.  K.  Haws 
Hight  &  Helman 
,N.  Pigman 
.S.  Ketchara 

OFFICE. 

Woodburn    . 
Woodland    . 

Xenia 

Zaleska 

Zanesville    . 

STATE. 

...Ky.   . 

'.'.!iiis. . 

...Ohio 

AGENT. 

.Robinson 

W.  Ritter 
.0.  M.  Hammond 
.J.  F.  Sands 

H.  Orndorff 

II .    ] 

OFFICE.  STATE. 

Augusta Ga.  . . 

Atlanta " 

Athena " 

Adairsville  ....  " 

Barnesville " 

Calhoun    " 

Cartersville " 

Cassville " 

Covington " 

Crawford vi lie  . .  " 

Curaming " 

Dalton " 

Forsyth " 

Greensboro..  ..  " 

Griffin " 

Jonesboro " 

Kingston " 

La  Grange  ....  " 

Lexington  ....  ** 

Madison " 

Marietta   " 

Newnan *• 

Ringgold *' 

Rome " 

Social  Circle ...  " 

Stone  Mountain.  " 

Thompson  ....  " 

Auburn   Ala... 

Brownsville *' 

Chehaw *' 

Courtland  ....  " 

Cusscta " 

Decatur '* 

Florence " 

Huntsville  ....  " 

Mobile " 

Montgomery  ...  ** 

Mooresville " 

Notasulga  ....  " 

Opelika    " 

Selma " 

Somerville " 

Tuscumbia  ....  " 

Tuskeega " 

Amite Miss. 

Brookhaven ** 


SOUTHERN  DIVISION. 

PliANT,    .Superintendent 


AGENT. 

C.  Haskell 

T.  M.  Lampkin 
E.  Lovelace 
C.  W.  Brown 
S.  A.  Miners 
J.  A.  Maddox 
W.  H.  Woffard 
J.  A.  Spencer 

Dobbin 
E.  R.  Andrews 
J.  H.  Bard 
A.  Guon 

C.  C.  Lewis 

M.  A.  Bowdoin 

T.  C.  Elliott 
A.  S.  Spencer 

Little 
J.  H.  Porter 
J.  R.  Tooker 
A.  J.  Lowe 
R.  H.  Cauldwell 
W.  S.  Cothran 
J.  A.  Clark 
J.  W.  Goldsmith 
R.  H.  Bush 
,B.  F.  Johnston 
W.  W.  Lorance 

Adams 
J.  J.  Pearce 

W.  A.  Raney 

D.  Halsey 

J.  J.  Pittraan 
J.  W.  AflFron 

E.  S.  Smith 

W.  L.  Wayland 
W.  C.  Jackson 
Donald  Collier 
Central  Warehouse 
Company 

W.  S.  Throckmor- 
ton 
Adams 
.C.S.Stewart 
W.  Hoskins 


OFFICE. 


STATE. 

.  Miss. 


AGENT. 


Bolivar 

Canton " 

Coflfeeville  ....  " 

Corinth " 

Crystal  Springs.  " 

Grenada " 

Goodmans  ....  " 

Holly  Springs  . .  " 

Hazelhurst ....  " 

Juka " 

Jackson  " 

Magnolia " 

Natchez " 

Oxford " 

Osgka " 

Summit " 

Tangapapo ....  " 

Vicksburg  ....  " 

Water  Valley  . .  " 

Athens Tenn, 

Chattanooga. .  .  " 

Cleveland " 

Columbia *• 

Charleston " 

Collinsville " 

Decherd " 

Gerraantown   . .  •' 

Jackson  " 

Knoxville    ....  " 

La  Grange *• 

London   " 

Memphis '• 

Moscow " 

Mouse  Creek  ...  " 

Murfreesboro.  . .  " 

Nashville " 

Philadelphia ...  " 

Shelbyville " 

Summerville.  . .  " 

Sweetwater ....  " 

Saulsbury " 

Charlotte N.C.. 

Aiken S.  C. 

Blackville " 

Charleston " 

Camden " 

Columbia *• 


.C.J.Joy 

Pierce 
W.  B.  Wagner 
N.  B.  Robei-tson 

C.  A.  Folsom 
J.  Powell 

P.  A.  Morton 
J.  J.  House 
S.  Newman 
J.  M.  Stone 
G.  W.  Bemia 

E.  M.  Bee 

J.  D.  Dellingcr 
W.  H.  Parker 
W.  H.  Thomas 
W.  E.  Ligon 
H.  Brinbaum 
S.  L.  SchcUiug 
J.  W.  Henderson 
J.  McCormick 

F.  Montgomery 
H.  B.Titcomb 
S.  D.  Stout 

F.  M.  Williams 
J.  Carter 

W.  Brown 

G.  G.  Hughs 
T.  Murrah 

D.  W.  AnderEon 
J.  K.  Adams 

H.  Berden 
D.  C.  Moseley 
J.H.Magill 
J.  W.  Thomas 
J.  S.  Butler 
T.  J.  Moore 
W.  Galbraith 
R.  G.  Bum  pass 
R.  C.  Rowan 
D.  W.  Camp 
.F.  M.  Rea 
.C.  H.  Ranlett 
C.  W.  Stewart 
W.  T.  J.  0.  Wood- 
ward 
J.  Jonea 
A.  Lee 


210 


Ot^FtCE.  StATE. 

Chester S.  C. 

Claremont 

Florence  

Graniteville 

Gadsden 

Kingsville  .... 
Louisville  . .  . . 
Marion 


lOENT. 

W.  T.  Robison 
J.  W.  Rogers 
J.  M.  Chandler 

Edney 
W.  B.  Flowers 
W.  Shaw 
J.  B.  Welling 
J.  C.  Oata 


OPFlCk.     STATE.      AdENt. 

Manchester S.  C  .  J.  H.  Boyd 

Orangeburgh  . .     "      W.  C.  Meredith 

Sumter «      B.Mitchell 

Winnsboro   "      W.  R.  Garrison 

New  Orleans    .  .La.  . .  J.  J.  McKeever 
Grand  Junction. Tenn.G.  M.  Dugan 
West  Point . . .  .Ga.  . .  W.  W.  Hulburt 


PENNSYLVANIA  DIVISION. 

jr  O  n  N     BINOKAIII,    SnperintendenK 


OFFICE. 

Altoona    

Avondale 

Blairsville    

Blairsville  Int's. 
Bell's  Mills  .... 

Brintons 

Bedford    

Birmingham  . . 
Bainbridge  .... 
Bloody  Run.... 

Carlisle 

Chambersburg. . 

Chester 

Cresson 

Christiana    .... 

Columbia 

Claysville     

Coatesville  .... 

Claymont 

Derry g 

Downingtown  .. 

Duncannon 

East  Liberty  . . 
Elizabeth  town.. 

Fostoria    

Freeport 

Gap 

Gallitzin 

Greensburg 

Georgetown 

Glen  Riddle.... 

Gettysburg 

Glen  Rock   

Green  Castle  . . 
Harrisburgh     . . 

Halifax 

Hilltiide    

Hollidaysburg.. 

Hopewell 

Huntingdon 

Herndon  

Hanover 

Homer 

Indiana 

Irwins  

Jeft'erson 

Johnstown  .... 
Kittanning  .... 


STATE. 


AGENT. 


Penn..E.  M.  Jones 

•*  C.  R.  Forbes 

"  J.  Zimmer 

"  J.  N.  Hough 

"  B.  F.  Bell 

"  J.  Baldrige,  Jr. 

"  S.  J.  Way 

'*  Jas.  Thomson 

**  Henry  Isaacs 

"  J.  B.  Farquhar 

"  Jas.  Louden 

"  W.  G.  Reed 

"  S.  A.  Price 

"  Jas.  S.  Clark 

"  R.  A.  Marshall 

"  F.  X.  Zeigler 

"  L.  H.  Switzer 

"  B.  Harlan 

"  L.  W.  Williams 

"  W.  R.  Albright 

"  R.  D.  Wells 

"  Robert  S.  King 

"  A.  J.  Whoolayer 

"  Jas.  Lynch 

"  Levi  Stahl 

"  C.  H.  Smythe 

"  Levi  EUmaker 

«  John  Walsh 

"  Joseph  Taylor 

"  Arbogast  &  Bubb 

"  Jas.  Neville 

"  C.  H.  Buehler 

"  Emanuel  Sheffer 

"  E.  G.  Heston 

"  John  Marsh 

"  M.  C.  Breniser 

"  Jas.  Bingham 

"  Jno.  F.  Lowry 

"  J.  J.  Lawrence 

"  Wm.  H.  Lamb 

"  Daniel  E  Trone 

"  David  Boyd 

«  Geo.  W.  Sedgwick 

"  Jas.  Fleming 

"  J.  D.  Hamilton 

''  J.  A.  Munson 

«  W.  H.  H.  Piper 


STATE. 


AGENT. 


Kellysville  ..   . 

Leaman  Place. . 

Lancaster 

Latrobe    

Lewisburg   . . . . 

Lewistown 

Lykenstown 

Littlef'town 

Marietta   

Mechanicsburg. . 

Midway     

Middletown .... 

Millerstown. . .. 

Mifflin  

Mill  Creek  .... 

Millersburg 

Mount  Joy    

Mount  Unioa  . . 

Milton 

Mapleton 

Media 

Muncy 

Mc  Veytown 

Newport  

New  Hamilton. . 

New  Florence  . . 

Northumberland 

New  Oxford 

Oakland  

Parkesburg  .... 

Penningtonville 
Penny ville  .... 

Petersburgh 

Port  Trevorton.. 

Pittsburgh   

PaoH 

Saxion 

Steamboat  .... 
Selin's  Grove  . . 
Shippensburg  . . 
Spruce  Creek  . . 

Sunbury   

Shamokin    .... 

Tipton  

Tyrone 

Taylorstowa  . . 
Uniontown  .... 
Washington.... 


Penn..John  Drew 

"  Chas.  Laverty 

"  J.  G.  Thackara 

"  J.  W.  Coulter 
"      J.  Wolfe 
"      W.  Swartz 

"  Jonas  Garman 

"  J.  Bombgartner 

"  A.  W.  Stehman 

"  Armstrong  Noble 

"  Geo.  W.  Mell 

"  Yentzer  &  Hake 

"  Wm.  J.  Jones 

"  J.  McCay 

"  W.  C.  Wagner 

"  G.  M.  Brubaker 

"  H.  Shaflfner 

"  A.  Lewis 

"  C.  A.  Bound 

"  J.  Donaldson 

"  Alex.  Henderson 

"  David  Mecum 

"  Geo.  Mitchell 

"  W.  Glover 

"  D.  W.  Hunter 

"  J.  N.  McCartney 

"  Conrad  Wenck 

"  Bastress  &  Winter 

"  J.  Boyer 

"  J.  T.  Wiley  «fc  Co. 

"  J.  W.  Wright 

*'  Jno.  Lukena 

"  J  no.  R.  Hunter 

"  J.  P.  Bogar 

"  Geo.  Bingham 

"  John  Dodwell 

"  Chas.  S.  Favon 

"  J.  Whitell 

"  J.  H.  Fisher 

"  Kelso  &  Matthews 

"  R.  A.  Dorsey 

"  A.  W.  FiPher 

"  G.  B.  Cadwallader 

"  J.  M.  Confer 

"  C.  Guyer 

"  S.  J.  Cronthens 

"  Wm.  P.  Datesman 

"  John  Baird 


211 


OFFICE.  STATE. 

West  Alexandria  Penn 

Westchester ** 

Williamsport  . .     " 

York *' 

Bridgeville Del.  . 

Camdea    " 

Dover   " 

Delmar " 

Elktoa Md.  . 

Farmington Del.  . 

FeltoQ  " 

Havre  De  Grace.  Md.  . 


AGENT. 

.A.  R.  Howe 

C.  P.  Hewes 
J.  B.  Corryell 
Jas.  A.  Stabll 

.William  Gray 
J.  T.  Jakes 

D.  F.  Burton 
J.  B.  Clarkson 

.B.Wells 
.C.  J.  Harrington 
J.  B.  Conner 
.R.  Evans 


OFFICE.  STATE 

Harrington Del.  . 

Hagerstown Md.  . 

Laurell Del.  . 

Middletown " 

Milford " 

New  Castle " 

Newark     " 

North  East  ....Md.  . 
St.  Georges  ....Del.  . 

Seaford " 

Smyrna " 

Wilmington " 


AGENT. 

.Wm.  J.Fisher 
.Edward  M.  Mealey 
.  A.  J.  Hearn 

J.  H.  Miles 

W.  T.  Vauls 

L.  M.  Chase 

G.  W.  Ortlife 
.J.  T.Roberts 
,Wra.  Magens 

Jas.  B.  Clarkson 

Jas.  A.  Searenson 

Geo.  Canning. 


I>  .    B 


AMERICAN  EXPRESS   COMPANY. 

EASTERN  DIVISION. 

U  T  TE  RF  !£  li  D  •    Oeneral   Superintendent. 
Dirision    Superintendent 


OFFICE. 


STATE. 


AGENT. 


Adams N.  Y. 

Adams  Centre  . .  ** 

Akron " 

Albany " 

Albion ** 

Alder  Creek " 

Amsterdam " 

Attica •' 

Auburn    " 

Aurora " 

Antwerp '* 

Alexander " 

Baldwinsville  , .  " 

Barrytown " 

Batavia " 

Boonville     " 

Brockport " 

Brownville   " 

Buffalo " 

Byroa   " 

Caledonia " 

Camden " 

Camillus " 

Canandaigua   . .  " 

Canastota " 

Cape  Vincent  . .  " 

Carthage " 

Castleton " 

Catskill " 

Cayuga " 

Cherry  Valley . .  •' 

Chittenango. ...  " 

Chili " 

Churchville " 

Clayton " 

Clitton  Springs.  " 

Clyde " 

Coburg C.  W. 

Colborne  " 

Cold  Spring.... N.Y.. 


.W.M.  Adams 
Daniel  Fox 
C.  M.  Rich 
Am.  Ex.  Co. 
Nichoson  &  Paine 
E.  J.  Evans 
J.  W.  Sturtevant 
R.  G.  White 
J.  L.  Doty 
Morgan  &  Moeher 
E.  G.  Taylor 
M.  W.  Brown 
W.  E.  Williams 
J.  Cosgrove 
H.  B.  Ferren 
J.  Doig 
J.  D.  Spring 
J.  E.  Robinson 
W.  B.  Peck 
James  Bean 
H.  Sinclair 
H.  A.  Case 

E.  h\  Wellington 
G.  R.  Fox 

C.  F.  Toby 
W.  B.  Buckley 
I.  Van  Norsdall 
A.  Van  Hoesen 
H.  F.  Olmsted 

F.  H.  Lyon 

A.  H.  Watkins 
L.  B.  Curtiss 
Charles  Coler 
S.  D.  Bromley 

Fowler  &  Esseltyne 
J.  A.  Sutherland 
E.  R.  Calhoun 

,  C.  G.  Oliver 
E.  P.  Dewy 

.B.  Spellman 


OFFICE. 


STATE. 


Cayuga  Lake  ..N.Y. 

Chaumont •* 

Cornwall " 

Coxsackie " 

Cooperstown    , .  " 

Canton " 

Croton " 

Crugers " 

Dobbs'  Ferry  . .  " 

De  Kalb " 

Dresden " 

East  Bloomfield  " 

Evans' Mills " 

Fairport " 

Fiehkill " 

Fonda " 

Ft.  Montgomery  " 

Fort  Plain    " 

Frankfort " 

Frog  Point " 

Fulton •' 

Garrison's    ....  " 

Gasport  .../..  " 

Geneva  " 

Germantown    . .  " 

Glenham " 

Gouverneur " 

Hastings " 

Herkimer " 

Holland  Patent.  « 

HoUey " 

Honeoye  Falls..  " 

Hudson " 

Hermon " 

Hyde  Park " 

Hion " 

Irvington " 

Ithaca " 

Jordan " 

JeflFerson " 


.A.  L.  Goodrich 
W.  Baker 
W.  H.  Barrett 
L.  W.  Carman 
Kendall  &  Hawes 
W.  P.  Brown 
W.  Kecfe 
E.  F.  Byington 

C.  Gisner 
See  Hermon 
Wm.  Downey 
S.^almon 
L.%.  Sandiforth 
J.  Eddy 

P.  Kelly 
W.  B.  Fonda 
John  Scanlan 
J.  R.  Simms 
W.  R.  Stevens 
See  Cayuga  Lake 
M.  Cox 
R.  A.  Berard 

D.  L.  Welsh 

E.  H.  Sly 

J.  T.  Abrahams 
A.  W.  Lomas 
Bowne  &  Smith 
D.  Crane 
H.  H.  Bellinger 
J.  Candee 
D.  B.  Kellogg 
W.  M.  Locke 
J.  H.  Poultney 
S.  W.  Delano 
H.  Tuthill 
L.  L.  Merry 
P.  M.  Wasmer 
J.  Johnson 
D.  C.  Austin 
Capt.  Tuthill 


212 


OFFICE. 


STATE. 

..N.  Y 


AGENT. 


Junction 

Kasoag " 

Keenes '• 

Kidder's  Ferry  .  " 

Kingston " 

Kingston C.W.. 

Knowlcsville  ..N.Y.. 

Lake  Ridge '* 

Lamsons " 

Lavana  " 

LeRoy " 

Little  Falls. ...  " 

Limerick " 

Lockport " 

Lodi " 

Lyons " 

Macedon " 

Manlius    " 

Marcellus " 

Mannsville " 

Medina " 

Middleport " 

Murray    " 

Miller's  Corners  " 

McConnellsville  " 

Newark " 

Newburgh    " 

New  Hamburgh  " 

New  York " 

Niagara  Falls  . .  " 

North  Hector  . .  " 

Oak  Hill " 

Ogdensburgh  . .  " 

Oneida -  " 

Oriskany "  '• 

Oswego     " 

Ovid " 

Palatine  Bridge.  " 

Palmyra  " 

Peekskill " 

Pembroke    " 

Pierrepont  Manor  " 

Pittsford  " 

Philadelphia  ...  " 

Port  Byron " 

Port  Hope C.  W. 

Poughkeepsie  .  .N.  Y. 

Phelps 

Potsdam 

Potsdam  Junct 

Prospect  

Pulaski 

Remsen    

Rhinebeck   . . . 


..J.  McNamara 
Thos.  Smith 
H.  B.  Keene 
See  Cayuga  Lake 
Cbas.  Schryver 
.J.  C.  Clark 
.W.  North 
See  Cayuga  Lake 
M.  S.  Thompson 
See  Cayuga  Lake 
M.  G.  Lamkins 
S.  J.  Waters 
T.  Zimmerman 
"W.  H.  Eager 
J.  M.  Coryell 
G.  R.  Rudd 
M.  J.  Wilcoxen 

C.  N.  Lewis 
H.  A.  Steele 

A.  M.  Wardwell 

D.  J.  Willis 

F.  Craig 
C.  Thomas 
W.  B.  Ingalls 
R.  R.  Agt 

A.  Hays 
J.  E.  Fuller 
S.  H.  Jones 
A.  Holland 
C.  B.  Hoit 
A.  Goodwin 
See  Catskill 
C.  P.  Geer 
I.  N.  Messenger 
S.  P.  Halleck 
L.  L.  Kenyon 
A.  L.  Furman 
W.  Wagner 
J.  C.  Calhoun 
Robt.  Poultney 
J.  Garvin 
H.  A.  Hatch 

G.  R.  Wood 
John  Ellis 
A.  M.  Green 

.W.  Burnham 
.  A.  A.  Ver  Valen 
W.  Root 
J.  H.  Seeley 
W.  B.  Whitney 
T.  Arthur 
H.  H.  Mellen 
W.  Francis 
See  Kingston,  N.Y. 


OFFICE.  STATE. 

Rochester    N.Y.. 

Rome   " 

Rondout ** 

Richland " 

Richville " 

Rock  Stream  . .  " 

Sandy  Creek  ...  " 

Saugerties    " 

Sand  Banks •' 

Schenectady " 

Savannah " 

Schodack " 

Seneca  Falls  ...  " 

Sheldrake    ....  " 

Sing  Sing " 

South  Byron...  " 

Spencerport  ...  " 

Springport '• 

Spuyten  Duyvil  " 

Staatsburgh " 

StaflFord    " 

St.  Johnsville  . .  " 

Stockport '• 

Stuyveeant " 

Susp'n  Bridge  . .  " 

Seneca  Lake    . .  " 

Shortsville   " 

Stittsville    " 

Syracuse  " 

Tarrytown   '* 

Taberg " 

Three  Mile  Bay.  " 

Tivoli  " 

Tonawanda " 

Town  Line " 

Trenton    " 

Troy " 

Utica    " 

Verona " 

Verplancks " 

Vienna " 

Victor " 

Waterloo " 

Watertown " 

Watkins    " 

Weedsport   " 

Wende " 

West  Bloomfield  " 

West  Point " 

West  Camden  . .  " 

Williamstown  ..  " 

Yonkers   •* 


AGENT. 

L.  B.  Van  Dake 

J.  B.  Barton 

See  KingBton,N.Y. 

See  Pulaski 

S.  A.  Keene 

R.  Lincoln 

W.  T.  Tifft 

T.  J.  Barritt 

R.  R.  Agt 

E.  E.  Page 

E.  Luce 

L.  F.  Ostrander 

Z.  D.  Avery 

Harris,  Thomas  & 

Son 
J.  Archer 
See  Byron 
T.  H.  Schuyler 
See  Cayuga  Lake 
J.  R.  Havens 
P.  Cummings 
C.  W.  March 
H.  F.  Jones 
E  H.  Simmonds 
A.  D.  V.  Witbeck 
S.  W.  Bronson 
H.  Tuthill 
J.  Hurley 
S.  B.  Atwood 
A.  S.  Higgins 
H.  N.  Powell 
R.  R.  Agt 
A.  P.  Mayo 
G.  W.Norcutt 
W.  Sweeney 

G.  Pritchard 
H.  S.  Benedict 
H.  Yates 
M.  HaskeU 
John  Lee 
See  Phelps 
C.  Hurley 
R.  Furniss 

C.  A.  Clark 

See  Seneca  Lake 
R.  G.  Adams 
G.  Davis 

D.  G.  Glover 
R.  A.  Berard 

S.  J.  W.  Gamble 

E.  A.  Sperry 
J.  Mangin 


213 


JWesiern  nivition^—SAH.  C.  FAROO,  Oeu.  Superintendent. 
Canadm.—S,  U.  ARN£TT,  Superintendent. 


OFFICE.  AGENT. 

Aeton J.  Ahera 

Brantford Thos.  Evana 

Bothwell Wra.  Laughton 

Beachville "Wm.  Hook 

Brampton Wm.  Stark 

Berlin    Wm.  Davidson 

Beamsville J.  C.  Kerr 

Chatham Thos.  McCrae 

Clifton H.  S.  Smith 

Clinton Smith  &  Fisher 

Caledonia A.  C.  Buck 

Dunnville   Brown  &  Mylne 

Dundas Wm.  Tavlor 

Fort  Erie R.  Ratcliflf 

Glencoe D.  S.  McKellar 

Grimsby J.  A.  Nellis 

Gait J.  G.  Eraser 

Georgetown C.  Ryan 

Guelph C.  P.  Hutchinson 

Goderich J.  F.  Mercer 

Hamilton J.  D.  Irwin 

IngersoU E.  Doty 

Komoka O.  D.  Mabee 

London J.  T.  Boniface 

Mitchell E.  J.  Woods 

Mount  Brydgea Edward  Mihell 

Malton J.  McNevin 


OFFICE.  AGENT. 

New  Hamburgh J.  P.  Smith 

Newbury Thos.  Robinson 

Port  Colborne L.  G.  Carter 

Port  Stanley E.  E.  Warren 

Preston W.  Schluter 

Paris R.  Nisbet 

Princeton   S.  Yale 

Petersburgh  W.  Piatt 

Rockwood . . .  J.  U.  McKenzie 

St.  Catharines    Wm.  Cooke 

St.  Thomas G.  McKenzie 

Shakspeare    Wm.  Dunmoodie 

Stratford    L.  Reynolds 

St.  Marys    R.Calvert 

Seaforth Patton,  Torr  «&  Co. 

Sarnia W.  B.  Clark 

Stratbroy Jas.  Keefer 

Thamesville   A.  J.  C.  Shaw 

Thorold Hugh  James 

Toronto M.  H.  Irish 

Windsor S.  K.  Forde 

Woodstock J.  McKay 

Weston E.  E.  Knight 

Widder J.  McCarmiff 

S.  Bridge,  N.  Y J.  H.  Arnett 

N.Falls,       "    C.  B.  Hoit 

Lewiston,     "    R.  Trafford 


CLEVELAND  DIVISION. 

GHARIiES    II.    WJBIiJLS,  Superintendent. 


OFFICE.  STATE.  AGENT. 

Dunkirk N.  Y..M.  B.  White 


Silver  Creek.  . ,  •< 

Westfield Pa. . 

Columbus " 

Conneautville . .  " 

Erie " 

Girard •• 

Meadville " 

North  East " 

Union  Mills " 

West  Greenville  "• 

Waterford " 

Warren " 


E.  R.  Ballard 
.8.  R.  Dewey 
W.  C.  Howard 
E.  L.  Litchfield 
J.  Harper 
Geo.  II.  McEntire 
L.  C.  Magaw 
S.  Malick 
Wm.  Putnam 
Jno.  R.  Packard 
C.  M.  Hayes 
A.  J.  Davis 


Ashtabula Ohio.  .A.  C.  Hubbard 


Berea 

Corwin 

Crestline  . . 
Cedarville 
Cleveland. 
Cincinnati. 
Conneaut . . 
Columbus. . 
Cardington 
Delaware  . . 
Grafton  . . 
Geneva... 


W.  B.  Rogers 
Cadwalader&Crane 
J.  G.  Barnes 
H.  H.  Gibney 
Jno.  E.  Cole 
Frank  Clark 
S.  A.  Boughton 
Jno.  Stearns 

A.  H.  Shunk 

B.  Dickinson&Son 
A.  K.  Hand 

H.  S.  Hunger 


OFFICE.  STATE, 

Gilead Ohio. 

Greenwich   ** 

Galion " 

Iberia    " 

Kingsville    ....  " 

London ** 

Lebanon   •* 

Loveland •'* 

Milford " 

Morrow " 

Madison    " 

Newark " 

New  London  ...  " 

Painesville   " 

Rochester " 

S.  Charleston  . .  " 

Shelby " 

Springfield " 

Worthington    . .  '* 

Wellington  ....  " 

West  Jefferson. .  " 

Willoughby " 

Xenia   " 

Yellow  Springs.  '' 

Zanesville *' 

Louisville Ky.  . 


AGENT. 

.C.  B.Foot 
H.  Townsend 
B.  F.  Mathias 
II.  W.  Cole 
E.  D.  Nettleton 
John  Cass 
Jno.  Wise 
G.  R.  Smith 
Z.  C.  Woodruff 
E.  F.  Hunt 
O.  C.  Loveridge 
J.  J.  Buckingham 
Ira  Liggett 
H.  Steele,  Jr. 
Horace  Bacon 
H.  G.  Tibbals 
E.  S.  Close 
Chas.  B.  Morris 
W.  S.  Park 
N.  Hamlin 
D.  W.  Bliss 
W.  H.  Turner 
N.  Dougherty 
Johnson  &Gilmore 
A.  C.  Ross 
.Frank  Tryon 


214 


MICHIGAN  DIVISION. 


CHARIiES    FARGO 


uperintendent .— JD  e  tro4  t , 


OFFICE.  STATE. 

Wayne Mich.. 

Ypsilanti " 

Ann  Arbor " 

Dexter " 

Chelsea " 

Grass  Lake " 

Leoni   " 

Jackson " 

Parma " 

Albion '• 

Marshall    " 

Battle  Creek....  '* 

Augusta " 

Galesburgh  ....  " 

Kalamazoo  " 

Mattewan " 

Lawton " 

Decatur " 

Dowagiac " 

Niles '....  « 

Buchanan " 

Davton " 

New  Buffalo *• 

Michigan  City.  .Ind.  . . 

Lake  Station  . .  " 

Ross       "        ..  " 

Dyer " 

Bloom -' 

Matteson 111.    . . 

Frankfort '*  * 

Joliet " 


E.  P.  Lewis 

B.  Follett 
L.  Dodge 
E.  B.  Tyler 

W.  W.  Whedon 
Lord  &  Fargo 
W.  M.  Sullivan 
liumphrey  &  Hib- 

bard 
E.  P.  ilerrill 
S.  V.  Irwin 

C.  C.  Peavy 

J.  Stuart  &  Son 
C.W.Cock 
R.  H.  Whitford 
J.  W.  Taylor 
H.  Fitch  &  Son 
Juo.  Ihling 
C.  Wheeler 
E.  Pardee 
Geo.  Goodman 
G.  R.  Treat 
P.  Hunter 
A.  Bennett 
H.  H.  Roberta 
C.  F.  Johnson 
R.  D.  Cornish 
Wra.Cullea 
Wm.  Tomson 
G.  Somers 
J.  McDonald 
L.  A.  Fuller 


OFFICE. 


STATE. 


Birmingham    ..Mich 

Royal  Oak  ....  " 

Pontiac " 

Drayton  Plains .  " 

Clarkston '* 

Davisburgh " 

Holly " 

Fentonville " 

Linden " 

Gaines " 

Vernon " 

Corunna  *• 

Owosso " 

Ovid •' 

St.  Johns " 

Lyons " 

i'ewamo   " 

Ionia ** 

Sarauac  " 

Lowell " 

Ada " 

Grand  Rapids  . .  " 

Berlin " 

Nemica " 

Grand  Havt  n  . .  *' 

Utica " 

Mount  Clemens .  " 

Ridgcway  ....  *• 

Smith's  Creek  ..  " 

Port  Huron " 


..G.L.Lee 

J.  B.  Johnson 

Bagg  &  Parker 

J.  Linaburg 

N.  E.  Dewell 

M.  Hickey 

Arms  &  Tindall 

N.  T.  Thurber 

W.  H.  Cook 

G.  B.  Runion 

W.  D.  Garrison  & 
Bro 

J.  B.  Wheeler 

A.  H.  Byerly 

W.  C.  Bennett 

T.  Baker 

C.  W.  Staley 

H.  W.  Blanchard 

S.  H.  Sherman 

C.  B.  Pratt 
A.  C.  Vanderburgh 

A.  Thomas 

C.  Angell 

A.  Walker 

R.  S.  Innis 

Geo.  E.  Hubbard 

F.  Reynolds 

J.  V.  De  Boucher- 
ville 

J.  P.  Smith 

J.  Carlton 

Hull  &  Osborn 


JE  .    Tl 

OFFICE.  STATE 

Alton Ills.  . 

Augusta   Ind. 

Arcadia    '* 

Anderson " 

Bainbridge " 

Bradford    " 

Brookston    " 

Bueua  Vista  ...     " 

Belleville " 

Brazil   " 

Bridgeport " 

Bunker  Hill...  Ills. 

Bethalto   «' 

Butler " 

Cambridge  City.  Ind. 
Connersville    . .     '* 

Centreville " 

Crawfordsville  .     " 
Cicero  " 


INDIANAPOLIS  DIVISION. 

'.-SliOANX:,    Superintendent. 


AQENT. 

.W.M.  Parks 
.J.  Klingensmith 
W.  T.  Smith 
P.  Burton 
M.  Daggy 
W.  G.  Porter 
Jno.  P.  Lowery 
A.  G.  Walton 
L.  T.  Bray 
J.  M.  Connely 
J.  L.  Yealman 
.F.  E.  Adams 
Wm.  Tryon 
Coudy  &  Mehany 
.  R.  S.  Lackey 
A.  Morrow 
A.  Trumbull 
R.  E.  Bryant 
J.  W.  Cottingham 


OFFICE. 


STATE. 


AGENT. 


Castleton Ind.  . 

Cumberland  ...     " 

Crittenden   " 

Colfax " 

Cartersburgh ...     " 

Coatsville " 

Clayton    " 

Collinsville Ohio. 

Camden    " 

Charleston    Ills.  . 

Dublin Ind.  . 

Dudley 111..  . 

Dayton Ohio. 

Eaton " 

Eldorado " 

E.  Germantown.Iud.  . 

Fillmore   " 

Francisville. .    .     " 
Fairfield  " 


.H.  H.  Bassett 
Louis  Pauce 
S.  C.  Hackett 
P.  C.  Scmerville 
H.  F.  Shirts 
Wm.  Moore 
J.  H.  Davis 
.A.  P.  Young 
V.  D.  Reese 
.D.  Byington 
.A.  Chappell 
.W.  S.  Vaumeter 
.J.  M.  John 
W.  D.  Quinn 
Adams  &  Co. 
.Jacob  Gipe 
M.  D.  Bridges 
F.  F.  Stokes 
John  Evans 


2l5 


dPPICB. 

STATE.             AGENT. 

OFFICE. 

STATE 

Franktoa 

..Ind. 

.C.  Quick 

Nevada 

..Ind.  . 

Florence  

. .  Ohio 

.  .J.  H.  McWhinney 

Oxford 

..Ohio. 

Green  Castle  . 

..Ind. 

..W.  E.  Whitridge 

Plainfield  . . . . 

..Ind.. 

Greenfield  . . . 

" 

N.  F.  Williams 

Pniladelphia 

u 

Galveston    . . 

a 

Knoulton  &  Kendall 

Peru 

K 

Gillespie   

..Ills. 

.  .H.  L.  Elsworth 

Quincy 

<< 

Hagerstown. . 

..Ind. 
..Ohio 
..Ills. 

.  .G.  Hindman 
.J.  C.  Skinner 
.J.M.Keith 

Reynolds " 

Hamilton 

Raysville  ...         " 

Hillsboro 

Richmond     . . 

(( 

Indianapolis  . 

..Ind. 

.H.  W.  Daniels 

Roseraond    . . 

..Ills.  .. 

Kokomo    

" 

Richmond  &  Leeds 

St.  Louis 

..Mo.  .. 

Knightstown . 

(( 

W.  H.  H.  Glass 

Shelbyville  . . 

..His.  . 

Kansas 

..Ills.. 

.J.K.&W.F.Boyer 

Seven  Mile  . . 

..Ohio.. 

Litchfield .... 

i< 

J.  W.  Haggard 

Somerville   . . 

<i 

Lebanon    

..Ind. 

.Wm.  Zion 

Sharpsville  . . 

..Ind.  . 

Levvisville    . . 

ii 

Eli  Davis 

Saw  Pier 

tf 

Ladoga  .    ... 

(( 

Harney  &  Stover 

Staanton  

" 

Lafayette 

ti 

C.  W.  Schidell 

Sulphur  Springs    " 

Logansporte 

« 

J.  W.  Dunn 

Terre  Haute  . 

'< 

Lincoln 

. .     " 

W.  Ingram 

Tipton  

:< 

Millville    .... 

(( 

Conwav  &  Hood 

Thorntown  . . 

<( 

Medaryville. . 

<( 

J.  C.  Crouch 

Tampico   

(< 

Miaraa  Town 

n 

Truax&  Humisick- 

Windsor    .... 

..Ills.  .. 

house 

Washington. . 

Ind.  . 

Middletown. . . 

(I 

J.  Yount 

Westville .... 

" 

Manchester  . . . 

.Ohio. 

.M.  L.  Farmer 

Whitestowu . . 

<» 

New  Paris    . . . 

<t 

Saul  Thomas 

Windfall  .... 

«« 

Nicholsonville 

.Ind.  . 

.B.  Nicholson 

Walton 

<« 

Noblesville  . . . 

(( 

P.  Lawyer 

Zionsville     . . 

(i 

New  Castle  . . 

<( 

W.  J.  Haskitt 

AGENT?. 

.Wm.  Wooley 
.J.  Molly neaux 
.  Sanders  &  Easterly 
David  Gilson 
L.  T.  Higgles 
A.  J.  Griffith 
Aaron  Wood 
J.  T.  White 
M.  Y.  Graff 
.  W.  P.  Warner 
.S.M.Allen 
.G.  M.  Dilly 
.A.  B.  King 
A.  S.  Ritenouse 
.Franklin  &  Good 
L.  Glazebrauch 
J.  H.  Whiden 
J.  W.  Yoush 
M.  S.  Wasson 
S.  L.  Kniseli 
Wood  Bros. 
J.  W.  Thomas 
H.  B.  Beach 
Charles  Evans 
W.  L.  Webster 
Buck  &  White 
Smith  &  Taylor 
J.  D.  Forguen 
A.  Nichols 


N.  W.  DIVISION. 

B.  P.  P£CK.IIAiTI  nnd  E).  KAITDEIV,  Dirision  Supcrinteudents. 


OFFICE.  STATE. 

Aurora Ills.  . . 

Amboy " 

Batavia " 

Bloomington    . .     " 

Belvidere " 

Bunker  Hill     . .     " 

Chicago    

Courtland     

Centralia 

Clintoa 

Charleston 

Decatur    

Dixon    

Elgin 

El  Paso    

Freeport  

Fulton 

Galesburgh 

Geneva 

Galena 

Galva   

Hillsboro 

Joliet    

Kaukakee 


AGENT. 

E.  R.  Allen 
L.  Bourne 

F.  E.  Isham 
J.  A.  Lewis 

C.  W.  Ives 

F.  E.  Adams 
Jas.  C.  Fargo 
J.  D.  Milliken 
Thos.  Wight 
J.  A.  Rasbach 

D.  S.  Gates 
U.  P.  Fobes 
W.  C.  Snyder 
C.  D.  Sprague 

G.  H.  Campbell 
S.  Wright 

E.  P.  Wells 
A.  Ray  nor 

F.  June 
W.  C.  Parsons 
E.  Fuller 

L.  A.  Fuller 
W.  W.  Johnson 


OFFICE.     STATE.     AGENT. 

Kewanee Ills.  .  .H.  C.  Parker 

Kansas *' 

La  Salle  **  J.  A.  Raynor 

Lane "  D.  D.  Culver 

Litchfield " 

Mattoon    "  J.L.Smith 

Marengo  "  H.  L.  Dow 

Mendota   "  D.  G.  Bly 

Macomb    "  J.  M.  Westfall 

Morrison "  J.  C.  Overheiser 

Monmouth "  E.  C.  Babcock 

Ouarga "  J.F.Colby 

Pecatonica   "  A.  L.  Van  Dyke 

Paua "  J.  A.  Keith 

Princeton "  P.  N.  Newell 

Polo •«  W.  ii.  Chatfield 

Paris " 

Quincy "  A.  L.  Sweet 

Rockford "  J.  S.  Ticknor 

Sterling    . , "  W.  A.  Sanborn 

Sandwich "  D.  R.  Ballou 

Shelbyville....  " 

Talono "  E.  Richards 

Urbana "  Pratt  &  Bro. 


2l6 


OFFICE.  STATE, 

Waukegan  Ills.  . . 

WheatoQ " 

Woodstock *• 

Warsaw    " 

Warren " 

Windsor    " 

Vandalia " 

Columbia  City.  .Ind.  . 
Fort  Wayne....     " 

Plymouth " 

Valparaiso ,     " 

Warsaw '\ 

Bucyrus Ohio., 

Delpho3 " 

Forest " 

Lima " 

Upper  Sandusky    " 

Van  Wert '* 

Hannibal Mo.  . 

St.  Louis " 

Lake Ind.  . 

Michigan  City. .     '' 

Anamosa Iowa  . 

Burlington '* 

Clinton " 

Cedar    Rapids..     " 
Cedar  Falls  ....     " 

Du  Buque    " 

DeWitt    " 

Fairfield   " 

Independence  . .  " 

Keokuk    " 

Lyons    " 

Mt.  Pleasant     . .     " 

Ottumwa " 

Waterloo " 

Appleton Wis.. 

Beaver  Dam   . .     " 


AGENT. 

D.  O.  Dickinson 
H.  H.  Fuller 
J.  H.  Durfee 
Ofndorff&Co. 
P.  H.  Murphy 

D.  Palmer 

,W.  V.  McCracken 
S.  McElvain 
T.  A.  Lemon 
Carpenter  &  Co. 
G.  R.  Thrall 
M.  Deal 
J.  W.  Hunt 
J.  B.  Massey 
W.  B.  Barroll 
Jas.  Culbertson 
G.  McCoaoly 
.F.  Levering 
S.M.Allen 
.C.  F.  Johnson 
H.  H.  Roberts 
Peaslee  &  Fi^er 
M.  C.  Mc  Arthur 

E.  A.  Wadleigh 
W.  B.  Mack 

S.  A.  Bishop 
Thos.  Adams 
J.  C.  Smyles 
Geo.  A.  Wells 
C.  W.  Taylor 
C.  L.  Allen 
J.  G.  Smith 
W.  A.  Sanders 
Wm.  Daggett 
J.  C.  Hubbard 
J.  M.  Stebbins 
C.  H.  Weed 


OFFICE.  STATE.  AOENtP. 

Beloit Wis.,  .Wright  &Newcomb 

Berlin  '•  J.W.Clark 

Broadhead   "  E.  A.  McNair 

Columbus "  Davis  &  Axtell 

Clinton "  H.Cook 

Delevan    "  Johnson  &  Betts 

Elkhoru    "  W.  D.  Lyon 

Fond  du  Lac  . .  "  E.  L.  Patch 

Fox  Lake "  John  M.  Hardy 

Geneva *•  S.P.Dewey 

Green  Bay  ....  "  W.  C.  E.  Thomas 

Horicon    •*  J.  B.  Butler 

Janesville *'  John  W.  Nichols 

Jefferson "  W.  D.  Hiltger 

Kenosha "  L.G.Merrill 

Kilbourne  City.  "  W.G.Gardner 

Lisbon "  M.  McKercher 

Lone  Rock  ....  "  W.  Craig,  Jr. 

La  Crosse "  L.E.Webb 

Mihvaukie    "  F.  C.  Loomis 

Mazomaaie "  J.  B.  Stickney 

Madison    "  H.  C.  Pond 

Menasha  "  W.  D.  Meeker 

Mineral  Point..  "  G.W.Cobb 

Monroe "  Ludlow  Bingham 

«fcCo. 

Oshkosh "  Tremble,  Colvin&Co 

Portage  City  . .  "  S.  L.  Corbin 

Prairie  du  Chien  "  L.  G.  Harris 

Racine "  N.  A.  Van  Tine 

Ripon "  D.  Greenway 

Stoughton    "  H.  H.  Giles 

Sparta "  J.  E.  Myers 

White  Water    . .  "  S.  C.  Hall  &  Co. 

Watertown  ....  "  C.  A.  Sprague 

VV'aupun "  L.B.Dodge 

Waukesha    "  O.  M.  Tyler 


UNITED  STATES  EXPRESS  COMPANY. 


OFFICE. 


C.    A.    DJBIYITT,    Superintendent. 

EASTERN  DIVISION. 


STATE. 


N.  Y.City N.Y. 

Addison " 

Almond " 

Alfred " 

Andover " 

Alleghany " 

Apulia " 

Avoca " 

Avon " 

Attica " 

Alexander " 

Alden « 

Blauveltyille.  ..  " 

Binghamton. ...  " 


.S.  C.  Hay 
E.  Van  Tuyl 

E.  N.  Ackerman 
B.  H.  Green 

G.  W.  Estabrook 
J.  H.  Farqueharson 
A.  H.  Hackett 
N.  B.  Chase 
J.  Myers 
G.  Simpson 
J.  B.  Lewis 
O.  Dodge 
S.  D.  Demarest 

F.  A.  Morgan 


OFFICE. 


STATE. 


Barton N.Y. 

Big  Flats " 

Belvidere " 

Bath " 

Bloods '' 

Batavia " 

Burns " 

Buflfalo " 

Candor " 

Chester " 

Cochecton *• 

Callicoon " 

Campville " 

Chemung " 


.A.  S.  Parmelee 
W.  Doyle 
A.  Aldrich 
C.  A.  May 
W.  O.  Nicholson 
A.  C.  English 
P.  S.  Jones 
J.  E.  Smith 
G.  F.  Barager 
M.  L.  Clark 
W.  H.  Tator 
T.  Ingalsbie 
R.  C.  McNeal 
S.  B.  Lathrop 


217 


OFFICE.  STATE 

Corning N.  Y. 

CameroQ " 

Canisteo   " 

Cuba " 

Cattaraugus....  " 

Chenango  Forks  " 

Cortlai.d  " 

Canandaigua ...  ** 

Campbell " 

Conesus *' 

Caledonia " 

Canaseraga  ....  " 

Castile " 

Deposit " 

Dayton *• 

Dunkirk     " 

Darien " 

Elmira " 

Friendship " 

Forest  vi  He " 

Goshen " 

Genesee    " 

Geneseo    " 

Great  Valley. . .  " 

Gorham     " 

Gainesville  ....  " 

Hampton *' 

Howell's " 

Hankins " 

Hancock   '• 

Hale's  I'^ddy.   ..  «' 

Hoopers " 

Hornellsville. . .  " 

Himrods " 

Hinsdale  " 

Homer " 

Horseheads  ....  " 

Havana " 

Ithaca  " 

Kirkwood " 

Lordville " 

Little  Valley  . .  *' 

Lisle " 

Liberty " 

Livonia " 

Leroy f . .  '• 

Linden " 

Lancaster '• 

Monsey.. " 

Monroe •' 


.L. R.  P.Thompson 
G.  Shepard 
A.  F.  Norton 
C.  Hallack 
H.  Babb 
R.  B.  Camp 
H.  L.  Rogers 
O.  H.  Corson 
J.  H.  Place 
S.  Stoddard 
H.  N.  Ayres 
C.  F.  Bennett 
J.  G.  True 
M.  P..Buell 
J.  Rice 
M.  B.  White 
J.  McLane 
S.  DeWitt 
G.  W.  Fries 
W.  R.  Smith 
H.  A.  Hortoa 
O.  L.  Mather 
Doty  &Bro 

F.  B.  Tyler 
J.  M.  Ray 

W.  F.  Thayre 

H.  Phillips 

A.  J.  Horton 

P.  W.  Reeseman 

A.  B.  Chamberlain 

N.  H.  Hotchkiss 

P.  Hooper 

E.  Bowen 

C.  Post,  Jr. 

P.  C.  Lockwood 

G.  C.  Babcock 
J.  H.  Woodward 
J.  H.  Risdon 
Jesse  Johnsou 
J.  A.  Emmons 
A.  J.  Lord 

J.  R.  Fitch 
W.  V.  Share 
W.  Washburn 
C.  P.  Andrews 
J.  Allison 
J.  Warren 
S.  Spencer 
L.  Sherwood 
C.  B.  Knight 


OFFICB.  STATE.  AGENT. 

Mlddletown N.  Y.  .H.  Sweet 

Mast  Hope "  J.  E.  Decker 

Marathon "  A.  H  Barber 

Millport "  T.  V.  Weller 

Mt.  Morris •'  G.  W.  Phelps 

Nanuet "  D.  P.  Demare«k 

Newburg  "  J.  E.  Fuller 

Narrowsburg  ...  "  E.  R.  Schryver 

Nunda  "  C.  Van  Riper 

Otisville '«  C  Hovt 

Owego "  T.  LChatfield 

Clean "  J.  S.  Shaw 

Piermont    '*  D.  Clark 

Port  Jervis "  E.  Wells 

Painted  Post  ...  "  J.  C.  VanduzcQ 

Phillipsville. ...  "  C.  G.  Home 

Perrysburg "  W.  Ferris 

Penn  Yan "  J.  Burns 

Portage "  W.  R.  McCormick 

Rochester '*  W.  H.  Shelly 

RathboneviUe  . .  "  J.  Kennally 

Spring  Valley  . ,  "  N.  C.  Blauvelt 

Sullerna "  A.  K.  Laport 

Southfield "  J.  B.  Burroughs 

Sohola  "  C.  Thomas 

Stockport "  P.  S.  Farelly 

Susquehanna   . .  •*  J.  T.  Cameron 

Smitbboro "  J.  C.  Gray 

Sclo "  PI  N.  Canfield 

Smith's  Mills  ..."  G.  W.  Canfield 

Syracusci "  Levi  S.  Mayo 

Starkey "  L  Fowler 

Savona "  H.  U.  Haile 

Springwater  ...  "    A.  M.  Witheringtoa 

Tully "  J.B.Hall 

Union "  P.  T.  B.  Emmons 

WashingtoQville  "  J.  B.  <  ameroa 

Waverly ''  J.  M.  Ely 

Wellsburg "  J.  Gray 

Whitney's  Point  *••  S.  Stowe,  Jr. 

Watkins "  M.  W.  Mather 

Wayland "  J.  G.  Bennett 

Warsaw    "  A.  L.  Cook 

Great  Bend Penn..G.  W.  Orange 

Lackawaxen "  J.  M.  Williamson 

Godwinville N.  J..  .C.  A.  Shuark 

Hohokus "  H.  Clair 

Paterson    "  A.  M.  Aplin 

Ramseys    . .  *'  S.  Smith 

Jersey  City "  F.  Garrett 


WESTERN  DIVISION. 

CIEIVRY    KIP,    Superintendent 


OFFICK.  STATE.  AGENT. 

Buffalo N.Y.  .John  Topping 

Dunkirk    "      M.  B.  White 

Berea Ohio.. W.  B.  Rogers 

Bellevue '•      C.  D.  Hale 

Bellefoutainc  . .     •*      J.  D.  Niven 


OFFICE. 


Bryan 

Carey 

Carlisle    . . 

Caledonia 

CiQciunati 


STATE. 


AGENT. 


.Ohio. 


.W.  D.  BillingB 
Geo.  B.  Stevens 
Bradford  Chaco 
T.  N.  -  nderson 
A.  M.  Healy 


218 


OFFICE. 

Cleveland    01; 

Clyde 

Columbus  .... 

CresliQC 

Dayton    

De  Graff 

Defiance  

Delaware 

Elmore 

Elyria 

Findlay  

Forest 

Fosteria 

Fremont 

Fredericktown 

GalioQ 

Grafton   

Greenville 

Hamilton 

Huron 

Huntsville    

Kenton 

Lima 

London 

Mansfield 

Marion 

Marysville 

Maumee  City. . . 
Mecbanicsburg  . 
Miamisburg. .  . . 

Middletown 

Milford 

Monroeville 

Mt.  Vernon 

Napoleon 

NeWark   

Norwalk 

Oberlin 

Osborne  

O.Kford 

Perrysburg 

Piqua 

Plymouth 

Port  Clinton    . . 

Quincy 

Sandusky 

Shelby 

Sidney 

Springfield  .... 

Sylvania 

Stryker  ..    .:.. 

Tiffin ^... 

Tippecanoe  ... 

Toledo 

Townsend 

Troy 

union  City 

Ijrbaua 

Utica 

yermillioQ    


S.  AGENT. 

..W.G.Yates 
R.  Smith 
John  G.  Stearns 
J.  G.  Barnes 
Thos.  M.  John 
A.  Mitchell 
Wm.  Moore 
V.  D.  Stayman 
G.  Wight 
Levi  Morse 

A.  R.  Beldea 
J.  B.  Massey 
E.  J.  Fodgham 
G.  VV.  Steele 
S.  S.  Tuttle 

B.  F.  Matthias 
A.  K.  iiand 

J.  Van  Mater 
J.  C.  Skinner 
Levi  Peck 
Wm.  Cadwallader 
A.  M.  Davis 
J.  M.  Metheany 
Low  &  Son 
John  J.  Beach 
S.  Peckenpaugh 
S.  W.  Dolbear 
R.  Robbins 
A.  L.  Mann  &  Co. 
J.  Zimmer 
John  Gentry 
Fullington,   Gar- 
wood &  Co. 

C.  Caligan 
James  Blake 
J.  A.  Stout 
A.  J.  Cutting 
J.  S.  Coe 

E.  F.  Munson 
E.  Massev 
McGaw  &  Richey 
J.  S.  Norton 
R.  Slauson 
E.  Case 
O.  E.  Nye 
Patton  &  Cost 
T.  D.  McClelland 

E.  S.  Close,  Jr 
John  W.Knox 
C.  P.  Norris 
W.  H.  Huling 
S.  A.  San  ford 

F.  Don  Benham 
Peter  Fair 
Edward  Chapin 

M.  S.  Wasner 
R.  A.  Wilson 
A.  Utley 
V.  B.  Alsdorf 
C.  L.  Burtoa 


OFFICB.  STATE.      AOENT. 

Versailles     Ohio. .  W.  E.  Larimore 

Wakeman '•      L.  S.  Hall 

Wupakoneta     ..  "      Andrew  Kuhn 

VV'auseon   "       E.  L.  Barber 

West  Liberty    . .  ♦•      R.  E  Ruukle 

Zanesville    "      A  C.  Koss 

Anderson Ind. .  .B.  B.  Campbell 

Attica "      C.  W.  Baieman 

Bri.stol "      T.  P.  Martinea 

Calumet •'      H.  Brown 

Chesterfield  ....  •*      W.  W.  Nolaad 

Delphi "      D.  Leonard 

Elkhart     •*  Myron  E.  Cole 

Fort  Wayne "  S.  McEivaine 

Go?hen "  W.  B.  Martin 

Huntington "  Tim.  Collins 

Indianapolis     . .  "  D.  Ryan 

Kendallville    . .  "  W.  R.  Evans 

Lafayette "  C.  W.  Scheidel 

LaGro "  Geo.  M.  Wilson 

La  Porte  «  Geo.  B.  Roberta 

Ligonier "  Otis  CoJe 

Logansport "  A.  P.  Healy 

Middleburj "  W.  D.  Billings 

Mishawaka "  D.  E.  Thayer 

Muncie   •'  T.  H.  Sullivan 

New  Carlisle    . .  "  J.  F.  Hoyt 

Pendleton "  L  N.  Zeublin 

Peru '«  L.  T.  Higgins 

Plymouth "  T.  A.  Lemon 

Rolling  Prairie  .  "  J.  H.  Breese 

SmithUeld "  W.  J.  Moore 

South  Bend  ....  •♦  C.  M.  Heaton 

Wabash "  H.  W.  Hanna 

Waterloo "  O.A.Smith 

Williamsport. . .  '*  H.  D.  Tnomaa 

Winchester "  J.  W.  Williamson 

Adrian Mich..H.  A.  Grannis 

Blis^^fijld •'  J.  H.  G.  Mead 

Bronfon    "  O.U.  Gillam 

Burr  Oak "  J.H.Phelps 

Clayton    "  G.  R.  Britjga 

Clinton «  E.  W.  Freese 

Coldwater    "  R.  F.  Mockridge 

Detroit "  C.  J,  Petty 

Hillsdale "  S.  Chandler 

Hudson     "  J.  B.  Farnam 

Jackson    "  D.  B.  Hibbard 

Jonesville "  Geo.  Krapp 

Manchester  ....  "  S.  Fitzgerald 

Monroe "  J.  C.  Cole 

Napoleon "  O.  A.  Green 

Quincy "  D.  R.  Riddell 

Sturgis '•  F.  S.  Packard 

Tecumseh     "  L.  Drew 

White  Pigeon..  "  C.  Duuwell 

Alton Ills.  . .  W.  M.  Parks 

Annawan •'  J.  Bruce 

Atlanta    "  A.  D.  Reid 

Auburn    "  W.  R.  Head 

Beardstown ....  "  C.  J.  Norbury 


219 


OFFICE.  STATE.     AGENT. 

Bement     Ills  .  .R.  B.  Griffiti 

Bloomington    . .  '*  James  H.  Smith 

Brighton "  H.  G.  Stall 

Bureau  June.  . .  "  Johnson  &Ramsdell 

Oarlinville   "  George  Judd 

Cailio   "  Richard  Jones 

Chatham '♦  W.H.Mills 

Chicago    "  H.  D.  Colvin 

Chillicothe  ....  '♦  J.  H.  Bachelder 

Danville  ♦•  W.  P.  Watson 

Decatur    "  U.  P.  Fobes 

Dwight "  D.  McWilliaras 

Elkhart    "  R.J.Williams 

Elmwood **  A.  H.  Roberts 

Galesburgh "  D.  C.  Brown 

Gardner    '*  J.  N.  Sawyer 

Geneseo    "  S.  Fleming 

Girard "  W.  B.  Michaels 

Henry "  D.  W.  Myers 

Homer *'  J.  C.  Forester 

Jacksonville    . .  "  Joel  Catlin 

Joliet    ''  L.  A.  Fuller 

Kooxville "  Robert  Cooper 

Lacou  "  Green  &  McClena- 

han 

La  Salle  "  J.  A.  Kaynor 

Lexington    •'  S.  H.  Dexter 

Lincoln    "  R.  W.  Miller 

Lockport "  James  Milne 

Minooka  "  W.  R.  Tupper 

Mokena    "  Samuel  Tinley,  Jr. 

lloline "  L.  H.  Barker 

Morris "  W.  H.  Parker 

Monticello    •*  T.  P.  Walworth 

lit.  Sterling "  F.  A.  Ingersoll 

Naples «  E.  S.  Greeuleal 

Ottawa •*  E.  J.  Crandall 

Peoria ♦♦  E.  B.  Simmons 

Peoria  June. ...  "  J.  B.  Lenney 

Pekin ♦♦  John  S.  Cook 

Peru "  J.  A.  Raynor 

Pontiac    "  J.  W.  Chappel 

Quincy "  J.A.Lewis 

Rock  Island     . .  "  J.  Galligau 

Sheffield    "  T.  Clement 

Shipmans " 

Springfield •*  S.  Halliday 

Tiskilwa  "  O.  W.  Batti^y 

Tolono •'  E.  Kuh'enthal 

Virden "  W.  T.  Parkinson 

Washington...  "  D.  L.  Miles 

Williamsrille  . .  **  C.  K.  Snyder 

Wilmington "  C.B.White 

Adel Iowa  .John  L.  Blue 

Atalissa    "  A.  Brompall 

Beutonsport "  C.  E.  Snow 

Burlington  ♦*  H.  E.  Hunt 

Cedar  Rapids  . .  '♦  E.  Coulter 

Council  BluSs  . .  "  A.  Eddy 

Columbus  City  .  "  Geo.  Haywood 

Davenport   "  John  Galligan 


OFFICE.     STATE.     AGENT. 

Des  Moines Iowa  .R.  K.  Mc Master 

Durant "  H.  S.  Downs 

Eddyville '•  E.L.Smith 

Farmiugton  ....  "  S.  J.  McKee 

Fort  Madison  . .  "  W.  C.  Paine 

Grinnell    **  C.H.Spencer 

Iowa  City "  W.  H.  Quick 

Keokuk     "  J.  B.  Clinton 

Keosauqua "  J.  B.  Sample 

Lewis      "  T.  R.  Chapel 

.Marengo  "  Ogle  &  Reed 

Montezuma "  J.  T.  Drain 

Muscatine "  VV.  H.  Joy 

Newton "  Lamb  &  Rodgers 

Oskaloosa "  A.  F.  Seeberger 

Ottumwa "  C.  C.  Cloutman 

Pella  "  J.  Nollen 

Sigourney    "  A.  G.  Brown  &,  Co. 

Washington "  D.  McMichael 

West  Liberty  . .  "  C.  F.  Miller 

Wilton "  G.  M.  Francis 

Wintersett    *'  J.  G.  Vawter 

Allen Mo.  . .  M.  Jackson 

Arrow  Rock. ...  "  Jay  M.  Potter 

Bevier "  D.  N.  Cudworth 

Boonville •*  A.  A.  Austin 

Brunswick    "  A.  L.  Kerr  &  Co. 

California    "  James  Harker 

Chillicothe "  C.  VV.  Davenport 

Columbia "  L.  S.  Dorsey 

Franklin  "  J.  F.  Antes 

Glasgow   *'  O.  Hendnrson 

Hannibal '«  H.  R.  Mills 

Hermann "  A.  Leiraer 

Hill's  Landing  .  "  Hill  &  Trotter 

In  lepeudence  . .  "  J.  C.  Agnew 

Jefferson  City  . .  ••  J.  Grimshavr 

Kansas  City    . .  *'  H.  S.  Clark 

La  Clede "  John  H.  Tomlin 

Lexington "  J.  R.  Buckner 

Liberty  Landing  "  John  Baxter 

Macon  City •'  E.  T.  Phelps 

Mexico *'  N.  Lackland 

Miami  "  F.S.Robertson&Co. 

Palmyra "  G.  W.  Lane 

Providence Mo.  .  .Lawrence  «fe  Ellis 

Parkville ♦•  W.McNeill  Clough 

Rocheport    "  Harris, Stevens  &  Co. 

Richfield •'  Gilmore  &  Holt 

Shelbina  '♦  Alex.  Farrow 

St.  Charles "  W.  M.  Christy 

St.  Joseph    ....  '«  H.  D.  Hall 

Sturgeon "  W.  W.  Stone 

St.  Louis •«  Charles  W.  Ford 

Tipton "  E.  H.  Dennis 

Utica "  M.  Juno 

Warrenton   «'  R.  E.  Pleasanto 

Washington ...  '•  E.  Stevens 

Wellsville    ....  •'  B.  J.  Sharpe 

Waverly "  M.  Vincent 

Wentzville •'  Wm.  M.  Allen 


220 


Weston . . . 
Westport  . 
St.  Aubert 
AtehiROQ  , 
Doniphan 
Lawrence  . 
Leeompton 
Leavenw'th  City 
Qamdaro 


STATE.  AGENT. 

Mo.  ..T.  F.  Warner 
"  P.  H.  Smith 
"      C.  Willing 

Kan.  .M.  C.  Finney 

"      James  E.  Watson 
"      Wm.  Morrow 
D.  T.  Parker 
Johnson  &  Veale 


OFFICE. 

Sumner 

Tecnmseh 

Topeka 

Wyandotte  . . 
Plattsmouth 
Brownsville. . 
Nebraska  City 
Omaha  City. . 


Kan. 


Na. 


S.  AGENT. 

.A.  Weston 

John  Martin 

S.  L.  Munger 

McHenry  &  Downs 
.  .Tootles  &  Hanna 
Lushbaugh  &  Carsoa 

E.  S.  Havf  ley 

C.  D.  Woolwortb 


New  York 

Boston 

Providence 
Philadelphia 
AngQsta  . . 
Americus. . 
fiarnesville 
Colambus. . 
Cuthbert  .. 
Davisboro  . 
Eatonton  . . 


HARNDEN  EXPRESS  COMPANY. 


N.Y..L.  W.Winchester 

Mass.  .A.  Sprague 

R.  I...B.  Lawton 

Pa.   ..Geo.  R.Dunn 

Ga.   ..L.  C.Shaw 
"      H.  C.  Nunn 
"      C.  W.  Brown 
"      S.  H.  Hill 
"      E.  S.  Brooks 
"      J.  J.  Watkins 
•'       I.  Wright 


OFFICE. 

Forsyth  

Fort  Valley. . 

Geneva     

Green  Cut    . . 

Griffin   

Jonesboro 

Macon   

Milledgeville 
Montezuma  . . 
Oglethorpe  . . 
Savannah  


STATE. 

Ga. 


AGENT. 


.A.  Dunn 
W.  A.  Skillen 
A.  T.  Chandler 
A.  J.  Lambeth 
M.  A.  Bowdoin 
A.  &H. 
L.  H.  Powers 
Bemis 
I.  A.  Miller 
J.  A.  Smith 
J.  Spooner 


*'  The  Harndcn  -'  has  Express  facilities  in  all  parts  of  the  South,  and  (through  ita 
connections  and  its  own  agencies)  East  and  West. 


THOMPSON  &  GO'S   AMERICAN  EXPRESS. 


OFFICE. 

Boston 

Worcester  . 
Clappville  . 
Charlton  ... 
Spencer  . . . 
E.  Brookfield 
Brookfield  . . 
W.  Brookfield 
Warren     . . . 

Palmer 

Indian  Orchard 
Springfield 
Westtield  . . 

Russell 

Hnntington 
Chester..  . 
Becket  .... 
Washington 


STATE. 

Mass.  . 


AGENT. 

W.  N.  Melcher 
James  H.  Osgood 
J.  L.  Warren 
H.  Towne 

D.  K.  Rathbun 
B.  B.  Adams 
W.  Tufts 

F.  M.  Carew 
J.  F.  Hitchcock 
W.  C.  Child 

E.  A.  Fuller 
Geo.  R.  Monell 
H.  C.  Gates 

H.  Parks 
J.  Stanton 

E.  D.  Cook 
A.  Barnes 

F.  W.  Manly 


OFFICE. 

Hinsdale  . . 

Dalton 

Pittsfield  .. 
West  Pittsfield 
N.Adams    .. 

Canaan     

Chatham  .... 
Kinderhook  . . 
Albany ...    . . 

Chicopee 

Holyoke   

Nortnampton 
S.  Deerfield  . . 
Greenfield  . . . 
Brattleboro  . . 
Bellows  Falls 
Keene   


STATE. 


N.Y. 
<t 

<( 
«< 

Mass. 

.( 
(i 
t< 
i< 

Vt.   . 

« 

N.  H. 


AGENT. 

F.  Curtis 
H.  M.  Parker 
L.  Scott 
M.  D.  Francis 

E.  D.  Whi  taker 

B.  F.  Knight 

C.  H.  Chapin 
E-Carr 

R.  L.  Johnson 
L.  A.  Moody 
L.  Newell 
H.  C.  h"en«OQ 
B.  Ackington 
L.  Merriam 
W.  Bemis 
J.  W.  Moore 

F.  A.  Barker 


OFFICE. 

Philadelphia 
Phoenixville 
Pottstowu    . 
Beading   ... 


HOWARD  &  CO'S  EXPRESS. 

p.    f^OTEJOY,    en  apcrin  tcndcnt 


STATE. 

Pa.    . 


John  W.  Morrison 
Reeves  Hornett 
Abner  Evans 
William  Keely 


OFFICE. 


STATE. 


AGE.Vr. 

SchuylkillHaven Pa..  .William  Voute 

Pottsville. "      R.  F.  Weaver 

Homelsdorf ....     '•      S.  D.  Gockley 
Lebanon "      John  Ulrich 


OFFICE. 


Wyentown  . 
Harrisburgh 
Taraaqua  . . . 
Danville  . . . 
Miltoa 


Lewisburg   . 

Muncy , 

Williamsport 


221 


.Pa. 


.H.  H.  Gettle 
George  Bergner 
W.  P.  Fowler 

E.  W.  Conkling 
H.  H.  Frymire  & 

Bro. 

F.  S.  Caldwell 

G.  L.  J.  Painter 
J.  B.  Coryell 


OFFICE. 


Jersey  Shore   .  .Pa.    . 
Lock  Haven    . .     •' 

Troy " 

Canton " 

Elmira N.  Y. 

Bloomsburg. . .  Pa.  ,. 

Berwick    " 

Wilksbarre " 

Pittston    " 


.S.  Gudeykuntz 
J.  G.  Borrows 
Wm.  Hoffman 
J.  S.  Tyler 

.S.  De  Witt 

A.  C.  Wench 

B.  F.  Davis 
S.  Urquhart 
S.  Everett 


Coaaect  at  Elmira  with  Express  Companies  for  all  points  in  the  Great  West. 


The  Howard  Express  Company's  Lines 

extend  over  the  following  Rail  Roads :    Belvidere,  Delaware,  Rail  Road  from  Phila- 
delphia to  Belvidere,  N.  J.    Distance  93  miles.     The  principal  oflBccs  are: 


OFFICE.  STATE.  AGENT. 

Philadelphia    ..Pa.    ..P.  Janney 

Trenton    N.J...C.  C.  Burroughs 

Lambertville  .       "      E.  Vanuxern 
Frenchtown "      Thos.  Renyan 


OFFICE. 

Milford 

Easton 

Belvidere . . 


STATE. 

..N.J.., 
..Pa.    . 
..N.J.. 


AGENT. 

Jas.  Might 
J.  M.  Seigfried 
A.  N.  Eastoii 


Distance  13  miles. 


Fleraingtoa  Rail  Road,  Lambertville,  N.  J.,  to  Flemington,  N.  J. 
A.  V.  BoNNELL,  Agent  at  Flemington. 
North  Pennsylvania  Rail  Road.    Distance  55  miles.    The  principal  oflSces  are : 

AOENT. 


OFFICE. 

Philadelphia 
Sellersville  . 
Quakertown 


STATE.  AOEXT. 

.Pa.   .  .P.  Janney 

.     "      E.  Shellenberger 

.     "      M.  Ochs 


OFFICE. 

Hellertown 
Bethlehem  . 


STATE. 

...Pa.    .. 


Robert  Peisert 


Lehigh  Valley  Rail  Road,  from  Easton,  Pa.  to  Mauch  Chunk,  Pa. 
miles.    Principal  offices: 


Distance  46 


OFFICE.  STATE.  AGENT. 

Easton Pa.    . .  J.  M.  Seigfried 


Freemansburg. 
Bethlehem  . . . 
Allcntowa   


G.  Bachman 
R.  Prisert 
H.  A.  Algert 


OFFICE. 

Catasaugua  ....  Pa. 

Slateington " 

Mauch  Chunk  . .     " 


STATE.  AGENT. 

.W.J.Craig 
D.  McKenna 
John  Taylor 


Beaver  Meadow  Rail  Road  from  Mauch  Chunk  to  Jeanesville,  Pa. 
miles.    Principal  offices: 


Distance  23 


OFFICE.  STATE.  AGENT. 

Weatherby Pa.    .  .Michael  Kromer 

Heaver  Meadow     '*      M.  Wilson 
Jeansville    ....     "      J.  F.  Black 


OFFICE.      STATE.      AGENT. 

Hazleton Pa.   . .  William  Glover 

Eckley "      C.  A.  Foster 


East  Pennsylvania  Rail  Road  from  Allentown  to  Reading,  Pa.    Distance  56 
miles.    Principal  offices: 


OFFICE.      STATE.      AGENT. 

Allentown   Pa.   .  .H.  A.  Algert 

Kutztowa    "      C.  Helfrick 


OFFICE.      STATE.      AOEXT. 

Reading Pa.   ..Wm.  Keely 


By  an  arrangement  with  the  Hope  Express  Company,  the  Howard  Express  Com- 
pany bill  through  from  all  their  agencies,  to  all  points  on  the  Central  Rail  of  Nevr 
Jersey  ^nd  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  and  Western  Rail  Roadp. 


222 


HOPE  EXPRESS  COMPANY. 

A.    S.    nOPE,    (9  n  per  i  n  ten  dc  n  t ,    New   York 

NEW  JERSEY  CENTRAL  RAIL  ROAD. 


OFFICE.  AGENT. 

Elizabeth  City M.  D.  Wilson 

Craueville     ....  Baldwin 

Westfield  Chas.  Clark 

Scotch  Plains V.  L.  Frazer 

Plainfield * M.  F.  Gushing 

New  Market C.  C.  Morgan 

Bound  Brook    A.  C.  MoHison 

Somerville    Jno.  W.  Taylor 

Raritan C.  P.  Beekman 

North  Branch Wm.  Judd 

White  House    Davis  &  Haver 

Flemington Geo.  F.  Crater 


OFFICE.  AGENT. 

Lebanon    John  Heine 

Clinton Wm.  A.  Hope 

High  Bridge    A.  Rockafellow 

Clarksville    C.  Chapin 

New  Hampton W.  Welsted 

Asbury    J.  Allen 

Bloomsbury Joa.  Smith 

Valley  Wm.  Johnson 

Springtown J.  Umlaff 

Easton Jno.  M.  Scigfried 

Belvidere A.  N.  Easton 


LEHIGH  VALLEY  RAIL  ROAD. 


OFFICE. 

Freemansburgh 
Bethk^hem    . . 

AUentown 

Statington  . . . . 
White  Hall  ... 
Rockdale 


Geo.  Bachman 
Henry  Algert 
W.  J.  Craig 

D.  McKenna 
Charles  Shaffer 

E.  Lentz 


OFFICE.  AOBNT. 

Lehigh  ton     John  Koons 

Mauch  Chunk John  Taylor 

Scbrisbers F.  J.  Scbrisbcr 

Coplay  

Lehigh  Gap B.  Andrews 

Lawry's .'.David  Lawry 


NORTH  PENNSYLVANIA  RAIL  ROAD. 


OFFICE. 

Quakertown 


AGENT. 

.Ocbs 


OFFICE. 

HcUertown 


AGENT. 

J.  L.  Reiget 


OFFICE. 

Shamrock  . 
Fleetwood 
Emans  . . . 
Lyons  . . . 


EASTON  AND  PENNSYLVANIA  RAIL  ROAD. 

AGENT.         I      OFFICE.  AGENT. 

J.  P.  Haas  Topton Jerome  Titlow 

Geo.  Schaffer  Milierstown .Harbison  Miller 

Moses  Wisand  i  Blaudon    William  Bland 

J.  Richards  |  Reading    William  Kirby 


BEAVER  MEADOW  RAIL  ROAD. 


OFFICE. 

Bowers 

Eckley  ... 
Weatherby 


AGENT. 

Geo.  Knoskie 
,C.  E.  Foster 
,  Kromer 


OFFICE.  AGENT. 

Beaver  Meadow   Wilson 

Hazletowu   W.  Glover 

Zanesville Waniswright 


LACKAWANNA  AND  BLOOMSBURG  RAIL  ROAD. 


Scran  ton    ...., 

Pittstou     

Wyoming 

Wilksbarre  . . . 

Plymouth 

Siucksburring 


AGENT. 

.J.  D.  Fuller 
M.  L.  Everett 
.J.  K.  Jenkins 
.S.  A.  Urquhart 
.  N.  W.  Sticker 
.  Lot  Search 


OFFICE. 

Beach  Haven 
Berwick    . . . . 
Bloomsburg  . . 

Rupert. 

Carbondale  . . 


AGENT. 

. .  G.  F.  Dreisbach 
..B.  R.  Davis 
..A.C.  Meuch 
.. J.  H.  Harmau 
.  .0.  U.  Jadwin 


Harrisburg George  Burgner 


223 

DELAWARE,  LACKAWANNA  AND  WESTERN  RAIL  ROAD. 


OFFICE. 


AGENT. 


Washington J.  J.  Saraus 

Oxford  Furnace   Marrune 

Bridgeville  G.  Bogart 

Delaware \V.  H.  Hemingway 

Columbia linos  Goble 

Del.  Water  Gap  L.  Broadbead 

Strondsbury Jno.  N.  Stokes 

Oakland (>oleman 

Pocono G.  F.  Conklin 

Gouldsboro A.  W.  Jones 

Tobyhanna L.  K.  Ford 

Moscow Jno.  Lattoucbe 

Dunniogs 


Granville 

Scranton  Jno.  D.  Fuller 

Clark's  Summit    Sherman 

Abington N.  Phelps 

Factory ville W.  V.  Mace 

Hop  Bottom Geo.  Thompson 

Oakley's D.  K.  Oakley 

Montrose  Depot  B.  Case 


Monirose  Village 

New  Milford 

Nicholson 


.  C.  G.  Merrill 
A.  D.  King 


Great  Bend John  Colstoa 


EARLE  EXPRESS  COMPANY, 

In  connection  trith  Ilnrndcn^«  Sxpress  from  Ncir  York  and  Boston. 


OFFICE. 

STATE 

AOEXT. 

OFFICK.             STATE 

AGENT. 

Warren 

.R.  I.. 

.H.  D.  Maxfield 

Wick  ford R.  I.. 

.E.  S.Hall 

Bristol 

<< 

N.  Warren 

Kingston " 

Earle  Ex.  Co. 

Pawtucket    . . . 

«< 

B.  Miller 

Richmond    " 

W.  C.  Lamphear 

Attleboro 

.Mass. 

.N.  C.  Luther 

Rich'ond  Switch    " 

E.  Tucker 

Mansfield 

(( 

F.  Paine 

Carolina  Mills. .     " 

Earle  Ex.  Co. 

Sharon  

*. 

S.  W.  Bullard 

Charleston   " 

Earle  Ex.  Co. 

Foxboro    

'« 

Earlc  Ex.  Co. 

Westerly " 

E.  P.  Hitchcock 

Canton 

ii 

Earle  Ex.  Co. 

Stonington  . , .  Ct.    . 

.J.  H.  Palmer 

Boston 

■r.i.. 

H.  Pollard 
.Earle  Ex.  Co. 

Mysiic - 

Noank " 

J.  H.  Lovett 

Appanaug    . . . 

Earle  Ex.  Co. 

East  Greenwich 

'* 

E.  Greeawich 

New  London   ..     " 

P.  Turner 

LEONARD'S    EXPRESS, 

In  connection  irith  Ilarndcn^s  Express  from  TSvw  Y'ork  and  Boston'* 


OFFICE.  STATE. 

Grafton   Mass.. 

Westborough  . .     " 
Southborough. .     '* 

Cardaville   " 

Ashland    •* 

Northboro    ♦• 

Marlboro " 

Southboro  Centre  " 

Faysville " 

Milford " 

Framingham   . .     " 


AGENT. 

David  White,  Jr. 
N.  S.  Eaten 
J.  Fay 

Abner  Parker 
Wm.  Scaver 
Dart's  Express 

do. 

do. 

do. 
Tildcn  Express 
M.   Ranney 


OFFICE. 

Saxonville   . . . . 

Natick 

West  Needham  . 

Grantville    

Lower  Falls 

Auburndale 

West  Newton  . . 
Newtonville  . . . 
Newton  Corner. 

Brighton 

Boston . . . . 


STATE.  AGENT. 

Mass.  .Hardy 

'^  W.  Larring,  D.  M. 

"  Mr.  Perry,        " 

"  Mr.  Fuller,       '< 

"  Leonard  Express 

"  Geo.  Bourne 

"  J.  C.  Bixby 

"  Mr.  Randall 

"  Mr.  Slocum,  D.  M. 

"  Mr.  Whitney,  " 

"  J.  K.  Bannister 


OSGOOD'S  EXPRESS, 

In  connection  with  Ilarnden'a  Express  from  Boston  and  IVcw  fork* 


OFFICE. 


STATE. 


AGENT. 


Valley  Falls  . .  .R.  L.  .David  Patt 


Lonsdale 

Albion 

Manville  . . . 
Woonsocket 
Waterford  . 
Blackstone  . 
Millville  ... 


A.  Kinsman 
Mr.  Oatman 
Mr.  Hodges 
W.  S.  Balcam 

,L.  S.  i'enniman 

((  (( 

Lymon  Logg 


OFFICE. 

Uxbridge 

Whitens  

Northbridge  . . 

Farnums 

Gratton    

Sulton 

MUlbury 

Worcester    . . . 


STATE.  AGENT. 

,Mass..O.  Taft 

"  Mr.  Carr 

"  Mr.  Carr 

"  L.  R.  White 

"  Calvin  Wesson 

"  D.  T.  Dudley 

«  J.  Eddv 

".  J.  H.  Osgood 


224 


Offices  of  EASTERN  EXPRESS  COIffPANY 


In  the  State  of  lUninc. 


North  Berwick 

Newport 

Rockland 

Frankfort 

Gorham 

Freeport 

Thoraaston 

Castine 

Lewiston 

Bowdoinham 

Camden 

Searsport 

Readfield 

Vassal  boro 

Belfast 

Ellsworth 

Kendall's  Mills 

Skondregan 

Bucksport 

Lincoln 

Agents  of  CASTERN  EXPRE!lS  COMPAIVir. 

OFFICE.             STAT 

rE.             AGENT. 

OFFICE. 

STATE.             AGENT. 

Wells Me. 

..George  Getchell 

Richmond    . . . 

.Me. 

. .  J.  T.  Robinson 

Kennebeck " 

J.  Littlefield 

Gardiner 

<l 

A.  Lovejoy 

Saco " 

G.  A.  Carter 

Ilalloware    , . . 

(( 

C.  Spaulding 

Biddeford " 

tt 

Skowlagam  . . . 

u 

Isaac  Dyer 

Portland •' 

E..Expres8  Co. 

Rockland 

t( 

Geo.  W.  Berry 

Bangor " 

(( 

Ellsworth 

« 

Moaes  Hale 

Augusta     " 

<( 

Castine 

« 

C.  W.  Tilden 

Lewiston " 

Edward  Sands 

Camden    

l( 

E.  M.  Wood 

Waterville   ....     •' 

J.  C.  Bartlett 

Thomaston  .    . 

i< 

A.  C.  Fuller 

Winthrop « 

B.  F.  Wing 

Belfast 

(. 

J.  S.  Caldwell 

Bath " 

B.  Rlggs 

Bucksport 

»t 

W.  H.  Dowling 

Brunswick    " 

A.  L.  Stanwood 

Searsport 

(i 

R.  W.  Gil  more 

Damariscotta  . .     " 

Frye  &  Taylor 

Newport  

" 

W.  A.  Frye 

Wiscasset " 

E.  McKenney 

North  Berwick 

n 

J.  £.  Hobbs 

NATIONAL  EXPRESS  COMPANY. 

J.  A.  PUL.LEN,  Director,  New  York. 
B.  H.  VIRGIIi,  Route  Sap%  Troy,  N.  Y. 


OFFICE. 

New  York    . 

Albany 

Troy     

Ballston  . . . 
Saratoga  . . . 
Fort  Edward 
Whitehall  . 
Keesville . . . 


STATE.  AGENT. 

...N.  Y.  .W.  C.  Hare 

. . .  "  C.  H.  Lathrop 

. . .  ••  S.  A.  Chapin 

. . .  "  D.  W.  Bristol 

. . .  «  C.  W.  Burlingame 

. .  "  W.  H.  Tilford 

...  "  A.Hall 

...  "  W.  Mould 


OFFICE.     STATE.     AGKXT. 

Plattsbargh . . .  .N.  Y.  .H.  H.  Haile 
Rouse's  Point. .  "  M.  F.  Chase 
Bennington  . . . .  Vt.    . .  M.  G.  Selden 

Rutland    '•      J.  F.  Knight 

Burlington  ....     "      S.  M.  Pope 
North  Adams  .  .Ma«8.  .W.  E.  Bray  ton 

St.  Johns C.  E.  .French  &  Maguire 

Montreal "      Q.  T.  Irish 


And  all  intermediate  places. 


KINSLEY    &    GO'S    EXPRESS. 


OFFICE.      STATE.      AGENT. 

Boston Mass.  .Luke  Damon 

Fall  River   ....     "      Kinsley  &  Co. 
Newport "  "         " 


OFFICE.      STATE.      AGENT. 

New  York    . . . .  N.  Y.  . E.  Littlefield 
Philadelphia    ..Pa.  .  .Jas.  Morrell,  Jr. 


CHENEY  &  GO'S  EXPRESS  STATIONS 

REIVJ.  P.  CHErVEY,  Superintendent. 

Potter  Place    N.  H. 

W.  Andover " 

Lebanon  " 

White  River  June.  ..Vt. 

Royalton " 

Bethel " 

Northfield   " 


Lowell Mass. 

Nashua N.  H. 

Fisherville " 

Boscawen     " 

North  Boscawen " 

Bristol " 

Hill f     " 


Montpelier  Vt. 

Middlesex " 

Waterbury " 

J  Richmond    " 

Burlington " 

Franklin N.  H. 

E.  Andover " 


E.  Lebanon N.  H. 

E.  Concord " 

Canterbury '* 

Sanbomton  Bridge. .  " 

Union  Bridge " 

Laconia " 

Lake  Village " 

Holdeness    *' 

Plymouth     " 

Rumney " 

Warren " 

E.Haverhill    " 

Haverhill " 

N.  Haverhill   " 

Woodsville " 

Bath •' 

Lisbon " 

Littleton " 

Hanover ** 

W.  Rumney " 

Wentworth " 

Norwich Vt. 

St.  Johnsburg " 

Barton " 


225 

W.  Burke Vt. 

Lyndon •' 

Bradford " 

Thomon's  Ferry     ..N.  H. 

Derby  Centre Vt. 

Chemsford Mass. 

Reed's  Ferry  N.  H. 

Grafton    " 

Canaan    " 

Enfield " 

W.  Lebanon    " 

Danbury " 

White  River  Village.Vt. 

W.  Hartford    " 

Sharon •* 

S.  Rojalton '' 

W.  Randolph " 

Roxbury ', 

Jonesville " 

Winooski " 

W.  Canaan N.  H. 

S.  Lawrence    Mass. 

Hartland Vt. 

Windsor  '* 


Thetford Vt. 

N.  Thetford 

0.xford 

Newbury 

Wells' River    

.VIcIndoes 

Baruett 

Passumpsic 

Methuen Mass. 

Derry N.  H. 

Salem  " 

Londonderry  " 

Windham... " 

Pembroke " 

Candia " 

Raymond " 

Epping " 

VV.  Concord " 

Mast  Yard   •' 

Conloocookville' " 

Henniker " 

Hillsboro " 

Warner ** 

Bradford " 


FISKE  &  GO'S  EXPRESS  STATIONS. 


South  Acton 

West  Acton 

Littleton 

Groton  Junction 

Shirley 

Leominster 

Fitchburg 

West  Fitchburg 

Westminster 

South  Ashburnham 

North  A.'shburnham 

Winchenden 

Fitzwilliam 

Troy 

Marlboro' 

Keene 

East  Westmoreland 

Westmoreland 


Walpole 

Bellows  Falls 

Chester 

Gassetts 

Cavendish 

Proctorsville 

Ludlow 

Healdville 

Mount  Holly 

East  Wallingford 

Cuttingsvilie 

Rutland 

Piitsford 

Brandon 

Whiting 

Salisbury 

Middlebury 

New  Haven 


Vergennes 

North  Ferrisburgh 

Charlotte 

Shelburne 

Burlington 

Charlestown 

North  Charlestown 

Claremont 

Windsor 

Ashburnham 

Gardner 

Terapleton 

Baldwinville 

Royalaton 

Athol 

Orange 

Wendell 

Erving 


Grout's  Corner 
Montague 
Greenfield 
Northfield  Farms 
Northfield 
Vernon 
South  Vernon 
Brattleboro' 
Sterling,         Mass. 
W.  Boylston, 
Oakdale,  " 

S.  Lancaster,       " 
Lancaster,  " 

Clinton,  " 

Harvard,  " 

Groton,  " 

Pepperell,  " 

Hollis,  N.  H. 


EXPRESS  AGENTS'  ORDERS 


for  the  purchase  of  any  articles  in  New  York,  Philadelphia,  or  Boston, 
always  promptly  executed  by 

JOtllV  K.   &  A.  JL.  STIIVISOIV, 

77  Cedar  Street,  IVew  York. 


226 
Offices  of  WXSXZiS,  FAUGO  6l  GO'S 

California,  Atlantic  and  European  Express. 
SAiniJEli  KNIOHT,  Superintendent  California  Dirision. 


OFFICE.  STA1 

Angels  Camp  .  .Cal. 

Auburn 

Amador  City. . . 

Benicia 

Bear  Valley 

Crescent  City  . . 
Campo  Seco    . . 

Coloma    

Columbia 

Chinese  Camp. . 
Clarksville  .... 
Dry  town 

Diamond  Springs 

Dutch  Flat 

Eldorado  

Eureka H.B. 

Folsom Cal.  , 

Fiddletown " 

Forest  Hill  ....  " 

Fort  Tejon ♦' 

Fresno  City " 

Fort  Yuma .  " 

Grass  Valley  . .  " 

Georgetown.  ..  " 

Greenwood " 

Gold  HiJl " 

Gilroy *' 

Guaymas " 

Honolulu S.  I. 

Hornitas Cal.  . 

lone  Valley " 

Iowa  Hill " 

Jackson " 

Jamestown  ....  " 

Jenny  L.ud " 

Knight's  Ferry.  " 

La  Grange " 

Lob  Angeles  . .  *' 

Lancha  Plana. .  " 

Marysville " 

Mariposa " 

Michigan  Bar  ..  " 

Michigan  Bluff . .  " 

MoquelumneHill  *' 

Murphy's  Camp.  " 

Martinez " 

Mormon  Island .  " 

Monterey " 

Napa  City « 

Nevada " 

Ophir « 

OroWUe " 


S.  AOENTt 

.F.  G.  Dyer 

J.  Q.  Jackson 

Samuel  Scott 

Shirley  &  Co. 

J.  S.  Bates 

Henry  Smith 

N.  T.  Root 

Paul  Mitchell 

Wm.  Daegener 

Miller  &  Co. 

J  T.  Gridley 

Richtmeyer&  Bab- 
cock 

W.  N.  Muffley 

Hall  &  Allen 

James  McCormick 
.Tomlinson&  Bro. 
.C.  T.  H.  Palmer 

M.  W.  Belshaw 

Geo.  G.  We  lister 

Geo.  C.  Alexander 

A.  J.  Downer 
E.  G.  Stevens 
S.  P.  Dorsey 
John  I.  Spear,  Jr. 
W.  Roush 
J.A.Hill 

J.  W.  Sweeny 
J.  J.  Rogers 
L.  F.  Hanks 
.John  Lennebacker 
Daniel  Stewart 
W.  A.  White 
G.  S.  Andrews 

B.  Randall 
Wangenheim  & 

Rosenberg 
Palmer  &  Allen 
Peck  &  Co. 
H.  N.  Alexander 
W.  J.  Johnstou 
A.  B.  Brown 
J.  B.  Condon 
W.  B.  Kingsbury 
E.  Tyler 
E.  J.  Bacon 
James  J.  Worden 
D.  W.  Swain 
Ezra  Woolson 
Milton  Little 
J.  M.  Dudley 
A.  D.  rower 
James  Moore 
Thomas  Callow 


STATE. 


AGENT. 


Olympia W.  T, 

Oregon  City . . .  Og'n. 

Portland  " 

Petaluma Cal.  . 

Poverty  Bar  . .  Cal  . . 

Placerville " 

Port  Orford Og'n. 

PortTownsend.W.  T. 

Rattlesnake  Bar  Cal.. 

Red  Bluffs "  . 

Rough  &  Ready  " 

Redwood  City. .  " 

Sbasta " 

San  Andreas  . .  " 

Seba.««topol " 

San  Jose- " 

Santa  Clara  •..  ♦• 

Sonoma " 

Sutter  Creek   ..  " 

Sacramento " 

Stockton  " 

Sonora " 

Springfield " 

Suisun " 

San  Juan " 

Santa  Cruz " 

San  Diego    •• 

Santa  Barbara. .  " 

San  Bernardino.  '* 

San  Luis  Obispo  " 

Steilacoom W.  T. 

San  Rafael  ....Cal.  . 

Seattle " 

San  Quentin  ...  " 

Todd's  Valley..  '* 

Trinidad   " 

Tehama " 

Trinity  Centre  .     *• 

Uniontown H.  B. 

Umpqua Og'n 

Union  City  ....E.  Co, 

Vallejo Cal.  . 

Vallecito " 

Volcano  " 

Victoria  V.  I.. 

Visalla.. Cal.  . 

Vacaville " 

Waisonville  ...  " 
Yankee  Jim's. .  " 
Yreka '* 


.T.M.  Reed 

A.  H.  Steele 

E.  W.  Tracy 

Lamberton  & 

Thompson 
.John  FitzsimmoDS 

T.  F.  Tracy 
.R.  W.  Dunbar 
.Washburn  & 

Wheeler 
.D.  A.  Rice 

E.  W.  Goodrich 

A.  S.  Slack 

B.  G.  Lathrop 
Felix  Tracy.  Jr. 
W.  Knight 
J.  H.  Cummig 
Elliott  Reed 
Maclay  Bros. 
Fred.  Rohrer 
W.  T.  Wildraan 
W.  H.  Simmons 
T.  R.  Anthony 
D.  M.  Ken  Held 
J.  F.  Marvin 

D.  E.  StockmoQ 
Jos.  R.  Deals 
Cooper  &  Son 
Frank  Ames 

F.  J.  Maquire 
Marcus  Katz 

C.  T.  Roraie 
.Balch  &  Webber 
.U.  M.  Gordon 

Yesler  Rand«feCo. 

G.  N.  Cardwell 
Hall  &  Allen 
NordheimerA 

Marks 
Ayres  &  Combs 
J.  B.  Wells 
.Byron  Deming 
.W.  Brand  &  Co. 
.H.  K.  Stowe 
.E.  J.  Wilson 
Emil  Krause 
Han  ford  &  Downs 
C.  C.  Pendergast 
.W.  N.  Steuben 

E.  F.  Gillespie 
Godchaux  <fc  Bro. 
Wm.  Barstow 
E.  Wadsworth 


GOURAUD'S 

is  the  most  astonishing  article  ever  invented  for  the  removal  of  freckles, 
tan  and  pimples  from  the  skin;  so  rapidly  does  it  effect  its  objects  that  sel- 
dom more  than  one  cake  is  requisite  for  a  perfect  cure.  Pray,  do  try  a 
cake,  ladies;  all  redness,  roughness,  and  chaps  will,  by  its  use,  speedily  van- 
ish.    60  cents  a  cake. 


OOrRAUD'S  POIIDRE  SUBTILE, 

for  eradicating  superfluous  hair  from  females'  upper  lips,  moles,  low  fore- 
heads, or  the  more  stubborn  beard  of  ma  >.  Always  tested  before  buying. 
Proof  positive  this,  and  no  mistake.     $1  per  bottle. 


The  LiqUID  TdGETABLE  ROUGE  of  Dr.  OOURAUI> 

stands  unrivalled  for  its  delicacy  and  brilliancy.  When  applied  to  the  lip, 
or  the  cheek  "  sicklied  o'er  with  the  pale  cast  of  thought,"  it  imparts  a  tint 
as  deep  as  the  cherry,  or  faint  as  the  petals  of  a  rose,  and  absolutely  im- 
movable by  rubbing. 


GOURAUD'S    ORIENTAL    CREARI    FOR    THE  COIVI- 
PL.EXflO]V  Ai^D  SKI]¥. 

The  most  beautiful  liquid  for  the  Complexion  ever  invented. 


GOURAUD'S  SPAIVISH   ^VHITE, 

for  the  complexion.     To    ladies  subject  to  flushes,  or  redness  in  the  face, 
the  above  is  really  a  beautiful  article. 

w^ound  at 

DR.  FELIX  GOURAUD'S 
OLD   ESTABLISHED   DEPOT, 

67  WALKER  STREET,  NEW  TORE. 

Wells  &  Co.;  Hegeman  &  Co.;  Park  &  Barnes;  Mrs.  Hays,  BrocMjn, 
and  Druggists  generally. 

227 


o 


# 


EST-A.BX.ISHEID     1 1ST    18  4  3 


4 


Q. 


'^ 


JOHN  E.  STIMSON  &  BROS, 

nOM-HOVSE  BROKERS  AND  SHIPPING  AGENTS, 

77  Cedar  Street,  Wew  York. 


ZlXSZ*3S£l.Z3Sa'0£3fil. 


NEW  YORK. 

liessre.  Lamson.  Goodnow  &  Co., 

"  Alfred  Sellers, 

"  J.  J.  Adams  &  Co., 

"  Richard  Russell  &  Son, 

"  Allen,  BAbcock  &  Co., 

"  George  Sloan  &  Co., 

"  Gillllaa  Brothers, 

"  Maguire,  Hyde  &  Co. 


PHILADELPHIA. 

Messrs.  Wray  &  Gillilan, 
»      H.  Duhring  &  Co., 
"      Besson  «fe  Son, 
"      T.  &  F.  Evans, 
"      Jas.  W.  Queen  &  Co., 
"      Ferret  Brothers. 


BOSTON. 

Messrs.  G.  D.  Jarves  <t  Cormerais, 
"      F.  A.  Hawley  &  Co., 
"      Sumners  &  Co., 
"      Thomas  Groom  &  Co., 
"      William  H.  Hill  &  Co., 
"      F.  M.  Holmes  &  Co., 
"      White,  Gushing  &  Co., 
"      Metcalf  &  Papendiek. 


BALTIMORE. 

Messrs.  E.  Jenkins  &  Sons, 
"      Orem,  Hopkins  &  Co., 
"      Harrington  &  Bogue, 
"      Samuel  Ault  «t  Son, 
"      E.  Larrabee  «fe  Son, 
"      Samuel  Feast  &  Son. 


Having  superior  facilities  for  hurrying  Goods  through  Customs,  Importers  may  rest 
assured  that  any  business  intrusted  to  us  will  be  executed  with 
dispatch,  and  at  most  reasonable  rates. 


John  K.  Stimson. 


A.  L.  Stimson. 


Geo.  A.  Stimson. 


228 


Tgp«PIONEERS  OF  CIVUilZATION. 

C0LT;S  REyOLYUNG  BREECH 


PISTOLS,  RIFLES.  CARBINES  AN!)  SllOT  GUNS^ 


^^v   country,   and 
the  present  liour 


Hsses  gate^or  mijt  <jrackers..       '/' 
1  after  %discliargp#/  jtp,]l>|QWiAb( 


fVoii/Ueirindi. 


Simple  Reasons  for  preferring  Colt's  Arm  'td  all  othei^s. 

If     They  liavf'  b(H»Ti  t}iori>uf!fhly  Itested  by  all  classes  of 'men,  m  eve^^ 
frp,p;i'tVe!. first  ^'ifl«  firei  in  Florkla,  'Vi"ipir  y|^^--^i —  >>fir  |in  1^37, .to 
rhi'v  li;iv«  always  rt^f.panded  to  tlie  t.oTi<-li  o\'  rheir  ovvijers  in  the  time  of  daiif^er.       ,       ,    s 

•J.     Thny  have  a  force  and  aQonnn  y  \x  Imh  have  fl*t)  jij^alldLs  in  the  liistory  of  fire-arms. 

.5.  They  dp  not  endanger  ypiir  cyesirrhf  and  'brain,,  qs  do  tli'  ;i:!!i-  wiili  patent 
[niintrs,  \vtUch,<fly  like  shells  into  many  piijiceft.  ..  t^< 

Ml  4ii  'IThcy  do  Hot  stick  fast,  yefiisiog'^^her  to*  oi>8n  or  l^ut  Ai'lthout  the  aicjkjf  AivaX'e 
wfjen  beated,' as '(!lt)  the  giuc-  ^vliich  op<^u  like  m 

5.,;  Tlyjy  Teavt^.  no.bnn.iii;^-   pijH  r  i,i;lic   ! 
'•artvidfje  into  yi^ur  face),  as  tl»  jIi' <r«t«!-   vvhjcii  oj»  n 

"  8i"  't'hf'y  Ar.^  si^iiiiler  in  conatrnction.^anil  easiJy  taki^  ^jiii'*  of,  as  ^tii 'i"ftii,^er  oi  <  nv- 
;llr\•  soktiei' \vilt  tfll  you'.     Treat  j^tem  well,  and  tli^  y  will  tr«iat  j'^oiir  e^em^es  badly- 

7.  .They  are  made  of  the  bi-st  stefel  that  euii  I  <  procured  for  tnouey,  and  have  the 
strenE^th  to  resist  the  explosive  force  of  f^Uapuwdiir,  vvhihi!  the' ttiongrel  imitations  and 
cheap  armi^  ai^^  clilhrsily  made  of  cast  iron  or  inferior  materijils,'aiid  are  iiiore  dangerous 

to 'the^  oAvnei;9.,thai> ,they  are  to  all  others^,  ,    j ,>.,  v/m.  .i  i   r:    ,  i-.,''..  vn- 

,  <!   6j>'  Thejf  ai>ewe(H  ilnished,  and  as  chea^  as  a  gjood  arm  caQ(,be'|n)»^e  ^by  thei'aid'  oi 
modern' *iiaohinery  and' Skillful  labor..  .  ;.-((    i  i    jo  /iu  ,b'.!>  . 

^.'^Thlfy  are  aUva'ts   worth  wh4^  they  post — in'-4he  Far  W^tj-mucnlmoi;^,  almos^.a 

lqgal.)be<i;^fi/  ,  if  ,|"9U.  (buy  anything  jcheaperL  your  lijfe,  or  tlat  oig,yom,-:<tompaiiiouy  xmiy 

bWailde.tbe  dHlfebeDioeiatcost.  !  I  "''^'      '    i'.  .j..-.-     oi.,r  >- 

'     lO:     If  v<)ti  biiy  a'jColt's  Rifle  jor  Pi»t<^V,-jou  jfeel  cfT;ain;*tJia*|;  yoji^aye^  (i-ue 

hi 'u^/ wUli.siix  ]^eayts  IB  his  body,  and  who  can  always  bt   reljjed  on.  n    lo  ■.ru': 

llw  They  can  be,,^rried  loaded  and  capped,  wjith  entii|e  safety.. i.  In  raia',  br<iwfe«il 
wadihg-Or  s^'itrtbihlg'rivfers,  they  TPmaln  w<a"ter-pfo6f.  ^       "  '  '  "•  ■    (  •'•   •«'» 

'12.  .'Th'<^y  have  no'knife  edge  to  cut  off  the  end  o/,,tj|iq  c,^j[:'tridge  and  'ijie!  pftwdejr! 
q^ttiflg,  qff  more  and  mqre;  at,, every  djtscharge,  as  the,. barrel  gets  heated,  and  finally 
getting  BO  dull  thiat  -they  will  not  .cni  at  all.  What  old  lady  will  lend  her  scissors  to 
Ctit'*^per^-ith?"lAs(ft'»tty  r^n^'r'ri^hjy'hiBis  tri'(^a"(?he'cti'ttitij*'Vide  gtiii'g,  wh^t  h^  thinks 
of,the%,,    ,  ..      ,!   ,  <,;      ,, ..   •:,  '\  ,,     ..,;        -  ^     •!  .    ■  .|!   ,    .•;.         .    ,.    !  ,  ...  . 

.,  ISiir- Colt's  Jiirms  have  been  adopted.' for  the  Service,  of  the  United  JStaies  by  the 
army  board  at  West  Point,  in  1858,  and  for  many  yeAtW  pfieviously,  as  Supcribr  to  all 
others.     See  the  printed  reports^  whicl).^fill  ypliiJaies.  .     ^  ^      ^        ^rn 

14.  Colt's  ^veajWils''ill•e  old' frfUidl  to<in4n^  tlTPorts^Lnas'^vbd  wih*f'<^iS*d  this  sheet.  See 
Colt's  new  ri(!eg  before  you  buy  any  other,  and  then^decidfe  Which  Will  afford  surest  protec- 
tion to  your  family,  yoiur  life  and  y6ur  propeirt^      .      >  ^ 

Sold  by  all  respectable  dealers  throughout  the  world. 


COL.     COLT'S 

Militafy  and  Sporting.  Bifles. 


Captain  Randolph  B. 
Marcy,  U.  S.  A.  in 
his  recent  work  the 
'Prairie  Traveller,^ 
thus  speaks  of  Coif  s 
Breech  Loading 
FireArmsqmge  42. 

Colt'y  revolving  pistol 
is  very  generally  admit- 
ted, both  in  Europe  and 
America,  to  be  the  most 
efficient  arm  of  its  kind 
known  at  the  present 
day.  As  the  same  prin- 
ciples are  involved  in  the 
fabrication  of  his  breech- 
loading  ritle  as  are  found 
in  the  pistol,  the  convic- 
tion to  me  is  irresistible 
that,  if  one  arm  is  worthy 
of  consideration,  the 
other  is  equally  so.  For 
my  own  part,  I  look  up- 
on Colt's  new  patent 
rifle  as  a  nsost  excellent 
arm  for  border  service. 
It  gives  six  shots  in  more 
rapid  succession  than 
any  other  rifle  1  know  of, 
and  these,  if  properly 
expended,  are  oftentimes 
sufficient  to  decide  a 
contest ;  moreover,  it  is 
the  most  reliable  and 
certain  weapon  to  Are 
that  I  have  ever  used, 
and  I  cannot  resist  the 
force  of  my  conviction 
that,  if  I  were  alone  up- 
on the  prairies,  and  ex- 
pected an  attack  from  a 


Lieut.  Hans  Busk,  M. 
A.  of  the  Victoria 
Rijles,  England,  in 
his  recent  wo;7j"The 
Rifle  and  Low  to 
use  it,"  thus  sjjeaks 
of  Colt's  Arms%pa- 
ges  45  and  4(^. 


s    c%valj:¥  pistol^ 
fact,  poCTcet  rifles. 


"His 
are,  in  fact,  poc 
With  one  of  them  I  once 
fired  from  a  re«t,  at  the 
Erith  rifle  ground,  thirty- 
six  rounds  at  the  enbr"- 
mous  rang^  of  Fouit 
iiUMJUED  AND  TEN 
YARDS !  Six  bullets 
struck  the  butt  at  a  dis- 
tances varying  from 
thirty  to  thirty-six  inches 
from  t^e  centre  pf  tk^ 
target,  eighteen  bullets 
struck  within  the  cir- 
cumference of  a  circle 
seven  fc;et  in  diameter, 
and  the  other  six  shots 
at  heights  varying  from 
ten  to  twelve  feet  above 
the  taiget — satisfactorily 
proving  the  capacity  of 
the  weapon  for  a  still 
greater  range.  As  re- 
gards the  purposes  for 
which  they  arc  intended, 
they  may  be  pronounced 
in  every  respect  perfect." 
In  a  letter  to  the  inven- 
tor, dated  2tith  April  1859v- 
sendingtarget(attached) 
he  says:  "Your  rifle  is. 
by  far  the  most  compleii^' 
specimen  of  a  sdldiers 
fi^nelock  that  has  y eJ,  been, 
produced  and  cousider- 
r  have  fired    more    than   68.U00 


'body  of  Indians,  I  am  not  acquainted  witk  i  mg   that 

any  arm  I  would  as  soon  have  in  my  hands  |  rounds  from  my  oavu  shoulder,  my  opinion 

as  this. 

My  own  experience  has.fpfce.d  me  :t;o  the 
conclusion  that  the  breech-loading  arm,  pos- 
sesses great  advantages  over  the  muzzle- 
leading,  for  lihe  reason  that  it  can  be  charged 
and  fired  with  much  greater  rapidity. 


in  such  matters  is  perhaps,  worth  mor^^ 
thjau,.  the  mei^e  eujpty,  praise  of  a  sret^ii^ 
hand  ;  let  any  obe  who  wants  to  know 
what  a  Colt  can  do  take  my  woM  that 
for  efficieny  and  stTeogtb  of  shotting 
nothing,  can  hat.it.,  I     .    .7    j,i   Li*.o.j  vaiji. 

,  Sh<)t'28tlnltty£Qf  April  1859,  byjudout,  Buak*,  Bistano^  400  yard*  »Nro.R©«ittd«^ 
48;  No.  Hits,  48;  Colt's  Regulation  iiiiflqt>a^aoi<0pl6!s  Amnrai^it%iau*;i  tijoy  oi  uoi« 


'>jn<nrfl 


»I;iii)o')qH37  [[»  yd  Hog 


imni  in  t|e  Bnihli  Statts, 


OF 


COLTS  REmra,G  FIRE  ARMS. 


-yy^- 


Durin^  tl^e  ^ast  t^eiity  -jrfe^i^;  tofe  anris' lioisr  ftiaae'ibtbe  j^reat^si  perfec- 
tion by  this  Company  have  been  tested  as  no  other  arlns  have  ever  been,  and 
the  following  distinguished  officei-s,  and  many  thousand!^  of  others  h; 
fied  to  their  superiority. 


lavo  corti- 


Hon.  Lewies  Cns(»,  late  Sec'y  War  & 

"     Jefferson  Davis,    *'  of  War, 
Major  Gen.  Alexander  Macomb,  U. 
"      Zacliary  Taylor, 

•  W.  J.  Worth, 
"      D.  E.  Twiggs, 

John  A.  Quitman. 
George  M.  Brook^. 
Joseph  Lane, 
Gideon  J.  Pillow, 
Brig.  Gen.  C.  Gratiot, 
*'         "     Matthew  Arbuckle, 
"      Frank  Pierce, 
W.  8.  Harney. 
•♦         "     John  Garland, 
ColOitel,  Benj.  Huger, 

B.  L.  E.  Bonnevilh\ 
firorge  Cr;, ghan, 
.J  )hii  C.  Fremont, 
Jrrc.  C'lemens, 
J.Mck  Hayes, 
Wui.  Turnbull, 
J.J.  Abort, 
John  W.  Tibhatt«, 
Wm.  Dav<!nport, 
George  W.  Morgan, 
Bohcft  E.  Temple, 
Ward  Buniet, 
.i(jeorge  W.  Hughes. 
*♦         Charles  A.  May, 
IJritttiJCtol.  R.  S.  Baker, 
ih  \n  '.*,;   Geo.  A.  Cadwell, 
Vi  V      "Nathan  Boone, 

•  T.P.Moore, 
"     Joseph  fe.  Johnson, 

*'    i     '^     J.»B.  Magrader, 
-'•'  ;      "     J.  H.  Hook, 
"         '*     Benj.  8.  Roberts, 

"     J.  McClelland, 

"     R.  B.  Masoji, 

•  James  Kearney, 
Major  A.  Mordeeai, 

"      W.  A.  Thornton, 
"      Benj.  MoCulkiohi  T^exAg* 
*'       J.  P.  Gaines,  ... 

/'  ^^  W,  H.Polk,  '  •      '  " 

"  ''P1  Morrisson, 

"    .J,\J.  JVIcCVty* 
John  F.  Hunter, 


State  I     Mtyor  F.  T.  Lally,  U.  S.  A. 

*'      M.  L.  Bonham,  " 

S.  A.  "      James  H.  Carlton,  " 

"  "       Phillip  Kearney,  '' 

"  '*      John  S.  Simmoiii^,  " 

-  D.  H.  Rucker, 
A.  B.  Eaton, 

*  0.  Cross,  " 
"       Henry  tlill, 

G.  .  Riiins,  " 

"      R.  H.  Chilton, 
"       Edward  Doas,  " 

'♦       L.  Twiggs, 

"       Henry  Wilson,  ' 

"       L.  Whiting, 

-  G-  T.  iroward, 

•  R.  B.  Mareey. 
"       G.  W.  Kcmlail. 

Captain  M.  E.  Van  Burcn,  " 

'*  **        Samuel  H.  Walker,  " 

-        !  "         H.  W.  Bonham, 

"  "         W.  W.  Tompkins,  " 

I       •"•*        W.  W.  Fulton. 
^^imUirlf.<i'-Hi        J.  p.  8imon(on, 
••     ,  !  "        R.  B.  Screven, 

"  "         John  Pago,  '• 

*'     ,,A.  R.  Hetzel, 
,,  )'^.,,!)  A.  Canfi^ild, 
Lieufa^ant  Thomas  J.  Lee,  " 

"  '  >  ^ru\-      W.H.  Emory, 

:   •*♦'  J.  T.  Sprague, 

"  M.  Knowlton,  " 

"  Magilton,  ,  " 

"  Commodore,  Charles  Stewart  U.S.  N. 

•*  Tho's.  A.  Jones, 

-**     .[  •'  M.  C.  Perry, 

,^,uufM  -mmn^tii  .,.   .r|N^    Mcintosh, 

.1.  H.  Auliok, 
"  C.  S.  McCauloy, 

,Y    i...vFf. H.  Gregory 
•*  .    ,     Samuel  L.  Breese, 
Joshua  R.  Sands, 
Ghas.  Wilkes, 
j      Captain  David  D.  Porter, 
fj  "  .  ,  J.  F,  Schenck, 

■    •'    '      W,>Iay,' 

C.  F.  Beale, 
♦•         C.  Ringp^old, 
Commodore  E.  W    M<  <ue,  Texn 


».,4k 


COLT  '^ 

Pistols,  Rifles,  Carbines  &  Shot  Guns. 

Bi'fore  Loading  iiiiap  off  a  round  of  Percuit*ion  Capo  to  blow  the  oil  nud  dirt  out  of  .^hc  JlippleB. 
"  Qreai  'tfare  shotild  be  taken  when  Colt'g  Cartridge*  are  not  used,  that  all  the  IJiUlp  arc  perfect  and  fit  the 
ehamberB  ftuttgrjy,  dthcr^ige  the  charges  n?ay  jar  oat,  and  more  than  one  chamber  be  ducKacged  at  once. 

.  .  .      ' ' ;      '  1  ( ( ;     I  ( »     >   1 1  : 1 :     .  '  - '  ; '    .    '•  •      .  -       ■'■     I         • '        'ill      ■    V  ■''  ■       ' 

,t  ,.,    ,     111,  For  Loading  and  Firing.;  ,'^  '  '''''        - 

iHt.  Draw  l»aefc  th*-  Ilaniim  r  to  half  cock,  which  allowv  the  Cylindt  r  to  turn  in  one  <lir«vtifiu  freeiy. 

3nd.  Holding  tlio  mtizzle'  ef«vt,  place  a  charge  of  Powder  in,  atid- 1\  Ball  tipnn  the  -niuiirtl  of  the  elminber. 

:}d.  Turn  the  Cylinder  nntil  tho  loaded  chamber  is  under  .the  RHraniermul  fo(rce  the  Ball  wlthitheJjerer 
below  the  mouth  ot  the  chamber,  [if  the  Bull  fits,  the  chamber  Ik  then  hcrmctlc:rfjy  Vi'-T''  ""*'  '^"^  powdi  r 
protected  from  water,  damp,  and  KparkB  of  fire.]  "     ' 

4th.  Revorie  tho  Ana  and  place  the  Pt rrutMiou  CapK  niwu  the  Nipphs. 

r)th.  Draw  tlK"  Hamnier  to  full  eot'k,  and  the  arm  i«»r<udy  for  tiring. 

For  Cleaning  Old  Model  Pistols,  Army,  Navy  and  Pocket. 

.  iHt.  Set  the  Hammer  at  hair-oovk  »nd  dri\  t-  out  the  K<  y  or  We<lge  whjcii  hoUlg  th«  Barrel  and  (;ylinder 
to  (he  Lo<'k  Frame  and  remove  the  partti. 

2nd.  Turn  ont  tlw  bottom  and  two  ri-ar  Bcn  ws  wliich  fuHtt-n  If  to  the  Trigg*  r'Gnard  and  Ivock  Traihe,  and 
remove  t^ie  .Stock,  .     ;i      Wv,,,  *'"    '     m     iUPj      ;((  i        .  .  "•      .  '  '     •, 

3(L  LooAcu  the  screw  that  f:u<tcnK  the  Main  Spring  to>  tbr  Onard,  and  tnm  the  Spring  from  nn^rtlM 
Hammer. 

4th.  Turn  out  tlli)  three  8Ci'ew«  which  fanten  the  (luard.  to  the  Lo«-k  Frame  and  remove  It. 

nth.  Turn  out  the  «erevv,  suul  remove  the  Dcmble  •Spring  \>  Inch  bi'Uis  npou  the  Trigger  and  Bolt. 

(Uh.  Turn  ont  the  nide  ni-rtws,  and  romovn  tlw  Trigger  and  Bolt. 

7th.  Turnout  the  Hammi  r  sen  w.  and  remove  the  Hummer  with  the  Hand  attached,  by  drawing  it 
down  want  out  of  tlxi  Lock  Frame.  (.;ieim  an«l  oil  all  the  parts  tlioroughly  anil  nhtore  thciil  to  their  plAi'C8 
in  the  reverpe  order  of  Kcparation.  ;, 

Jj^f  In  ordiniury  cleaning,  i*«'t  th.-  Hammet*  «♦,  half-coik,  Hiid  I'rive  9iit  the  Key  an  far  ifrt  the  Kcrew  will 
allow,  rt-move  the  Barrel  ^khich  may  be  done  by  tne  nid  of  the  Lev«  r  p|reh>ing  down  the  Kampier  upon  the 
pnrtitionn  b<'tweon  the  chamber«  of  the  OyUmli-v.  Wash  the  Cylinder  arid' Barrel 'in  %vnrm  wnt.  r.  dry  jind 
oil  theui  thon  iigljly,  oil  fn^ely  the  Bane  pin  pu  which  the  Cyiiurter  revolves,  then  replace  the  pnrt!« 

For  Cleaning  Kiffes,  Carbines  and  Shot  Guns..  , 

Irt  s.  I  t'ii.'  Hannuer  at  Imlfcoek,  preeiJ  down  t'.io  Uii««f-piu  Cateh  w^th  tin  Icit  hand.  dr»w ,t1ir; l^t«e-piu 
uith  tin  lifiht  and  n-move  the  Cylinder. 

9nd.  Turn  out  tho  Tajig  and  rear  Guard  i»^r«'>vf»  and  remove  tht-  Htock. 

:M.  Turn  out  the  n'l^aining  Guard  Bf^r^WH  and  remove  the  Onardi 

•Ith.  Turn  out  the  sen  w,  and  detach  the  Sjiiiiig  irom  the  .Stirrup  and  n  hk.vc  llie  Main  Spring,. 

r)th.  Tuni  out  the  Sear  Spring  Hcrcw  I'rom  the  under  (>'ide  of  the  Frame  tjtnd  rcjnove  the '.Soar  Sprhig, 
[for  .Shot  Gun  ami  .")fi-l(H)  Civlibre  Arms,  the  Sear  Spring  i?  attaciied  lo  l^e  Oaard  an*!  n»?#d  libt  t»e. removed^ 

<)th.  Turn  out  the  Hcrew  and  remove  tho  TiipBi,'r,.  ;    .^^^^^    ;j,  ,     •:      '■jij;;  ,      /I'liuJ   1  i     .>ii;l 

7th.  Turn  out  the  Bolt  screw  and  reir.ove  the  TurnT)!**"  Cap,'  '      l  *'      " '•      •  .'       \ 

mi.  Turnout  the  Tumbler  eerew,  drirelhr  T^timhU.tVHf.i>ym'Hm*4er.'}^mtAki^A'miM^^^ 
renioved.     ^      ,,  .  .  >'  .A     i-      •     *'((•     ;  I   >4fVv<l 

11th.  Turn  out  the  Ba»<e-pin  sen  w  m»d  reuiovo  thu  Base-pin  Catch,  ,       . 

10th.  DnVe  o>ut  the  Ke^  undrhise  the  I>*er  till  iheWreW  is  djipOKMe  thi^'iitAe  Itt  the  1  i  ni,.  .  turn  out 
thv  Hcrew,  reijiove  th»^.^4eve<-'«nd  Ilawi^en  Wfrt  iltHrmwt!  *i«  B»rrsJ.'  (iJnre;flio«MI  rie-taken  to  n?n»nv.- the 
r.everbelVretun.iago^t_thelijirr.-L^,     .^  ..  ^,,  u-.liu-iJin  M.it    /.'jjr.      i\yr   -i    '         ..-  . 

,     /.     >  aCV  x\\        For  Cleaniiig^New  koM  Pistol:  '    ' 

1st.  Turn  otit  the  Screw  that  fibfeut*  it  to  the  Frame  and  remove  the  .Stock. 

2nd.  .Set  the  Hammer  at  half-eoek ;  press  dl)wn  the  Bast  -plu  Ciitch  with  the  left  hand  and  draw  the  Base- 

piu  with  the  right  and  remove  the  Cvlinder. 

3d.  Turn  out  t'je  ncrow.  iriveout  thePta,  <li)tac!h  thtf  ^rukg  froni  :iUe>S(4rnip,  UJittiQg^he  Sprttigr<'main 

in  th' Frame  and  detach  thi- Miiiii   Spring.         .,       ,,.[[    ,,,((<.il    >i,;'k|f(   -mIj   li,   ..tfll  Ut-l'  ,7ii(>"      • 
4th.  Turn  ont  th(>  senw  and  remove  t  lie  Trigger.      ,'  .  •        i       '.  •., 

.•ith.  Turn  otrt  the  (;ap  and  B'Jt  «•:<  \v*An{}  texnev^iTft^'Pi^hUi'GW^.''''^'^^'''^'' *  .  -*"^ '  "^  '   .  ' 
(ith.  Turn  out  tho  Tumbler  ^ST'^v^'n  drito  t!»*  'r«iipld«»r,  wt  o^  tl|(TiaftiTWina  t|w:*«*rffil^*if/*<»ltian8 

tiand  caii  then  be  detached.  ,  .  >s  '        t  li«     J       a-^-       imi    Im     '^t.  ■'>      ■(      tr.i      m     • 

'7th.  T>ini  out  the  Base-pin  hcrcw^  And  renAovetbeBjU^-pWr^H^fi.     'i-  "i'  "•  '  "     '       ,. 

;  i  gtk  (K.i»i8e  the  JUovjr^l  f  be  rB|ii|inif^^  PJnl  in  flpppsiji'  tlw  hoJp  in  th*  Fmnei'drail:  fimt  tttei  Pin  ft«.4>  tll| 

l.e.'t  side  ot'  the  Pistp^  rt  move  the  Ia  y<  r  imd  Ramiuer^  and  tur^v  out  j,he  Bmrd.  ^      ,1! .  >'  )   .  i  j/.       ,i  rtl  ;'1  it 

E;^In  ordinary  cleanii^g,:^fte«ye.  tlie  jCyJ»«de»^, ,^^:e  niaiMior«leiicrib(;<l'  D*»v*,  clean  th*'CyMndH\  B.ir- 
rcl,  iVage-pin  and  i'rame,  oil  them  nud  replace  thewarts.  To  (ri^jthe  interior  of  .the  I»c^,,rt'in©>TJ,^tl]e  »S(ock 
and  dTy>pln  a  little  (^J.''      ■    rf  •'''•':• '•       "1        .••  -  f    .  iri' 

|-''i'*j  cn^vih<"irtiii^fcnfr)j'ltt  thi^'Htntithu^lt^iH'WpAn^lftifelnt oi''^4^ti»^B;>etwe^  tUp'  N/n^iw  ©n  tile 
rear  of  Cylinder.  i  .  \sv\\>'\    .•    «- I    'it^'-)       .Imw.^I    HiT    torro, 


COLT*S   PATENT  FIRE  ARMS  MAN'F'G,  COMPANY. 

COLONEL  SAM.  COLT,  President. 

REDUCED   PRICES   FOR    1860. 

_^  ., 

Henceforth  the  prices  for  Colt's  Revolving  ppreech,  Rifles,  Carbines,  Shot  Guns, 
^  und  Pistols,  will  be, as  follows  : 

POCKET  PISTOLS.     Pliited  or  Steel  Mountiugs,  Calibre  31-lOOths  of  an  iucli,  (92  Elongated  or 
140  Round  Bullets  to  the  pound.) 
Three  inch  Barrel,        Weight  23  oz.  -  -  Si.\:  .Shots,  Five  Shots, 

Four      "         "  "        24  07,.      ---"•• 

Five       "         "  "        26  oz.  -  -  .i        .*  u        n 

Si.x         "         "  "        27  oz.      - 

BELT  PISTOLS.     Army,  and  Navy,  Medium  Size,  Plated  or  Steel  Mountings,  Six  Shots,  7i  inch 
Barrel,  Calibre  3(;-100tha  of  tin  inch,  (50  Elongated  or  86  Round  Bullets  to  the  pound.) 

Weight  2  lbs.  10  oz.  -  -  -  - - 

With  an  "Attachable  Carbine  Breech,"'  plain,  extra.  -  •  -  -  - 

"  "  "  "  with  Canteen,  extra,     - 

HOLSTEB  PISTOL.     Army,  Large  Size,  Brass  or  Steel  Mountings,  Six  Shots,  7i  inch  Barrel. 
Calibre  44-i00th8  of  an  inch,  (32  Elongated  or  48  Ronnd  Bullets  to  the  pound,)  Weight 
4  lbs.  2  oz.       -  -  ...... 

With  Plated  Mountings,         .'-'.'  'y        . 

With  an  "Attachable  Carbine  Bteech,"  plaii|,  extra,   -  •  -  .  - 

"  "  "  "  with  Canteen,  extra,  ... 

HEW  MODEL  POCKET  PISTOL.    Steel  Mountings.  Five  Shots,  3]  inch  Barrel,  Calibre 
2l);)-l000th9  of  au  inch,  (1-J8  Elongated  or  2(K»  Round  Bulleta  tothe  pound,)  Weight  1  lb.  1  oz. 
Ornainental  En^ravinw  on  Pocket  Pistols,    extra,  ..... 

do.  do.  Belt  and  Holster  Pistols,  <xtri>, 

do.  do.  Attachable  Carbine  Breech,  extra, 

Ivory  Stock,  for  Pocket  Pistols,  extra,     -...--  -  . 

do.  do.      for  Belt  or  Holster  Pistols,  extra,  -  - 

Powder  Flasks,  for  Holster  Pistols,  each,  ........ 

do.  do.      for  Belt  "  "  . 

do.  do.      for  Pocket  and  New  Model  Pistols,  ooich,      -  ■  -  -  - 

RIFLES.     New  Model  Steel  Jlountings,  Six  Shots,  Calibre  36-100th«  of  an  inch,  (42  Elongated  or  86 

Round  Bullets  tathe  pound;) 
Twenty-four  inch  Barrel.  Weight    9  lbs. 

Twenty-seven  inch  Bunel,  Weight  10  lbs.     • 

Thirty  inch  Barrel.  Weight  10  lbs.  8  oz. 

Same  Moael,,S i X  8hot.s,  Calibre  40'lOOths  of  an  inch,  (38  Elongated  or  68  Round   Bullets 
to  the  pound.) 
Twenty-four  inch  Barrel,  Weight    8  lbs.  12  oz. 

Twenty-seven  inch  Barnl.  Weight    !» lbs.  12  oz. 

Thirty-one  and 5-16  inch  Barrel,  (Army  Pattern,)  Weight  10  lbs.    4  oz. 
Same  Model,  Six  Shots,  Calibre  44-100'th8  of  an  inch,  (28  Elongated  or  48  Round  Bul- 
leta to  the  pound.) 
Twenty-four  inch  Barrel,  Weight  8  lbs.  15  oz.         - 

Twi-nty-seveu  Inch  Barrel.  Weight !)  lbs.    2  oz. 

Thirty-one  and  5-16  inch  Barrel,  (Army  Pattern,)  Weight  i)  lbs.  10  oz. 
Same  Model,  Six  Shots,  Calibre  50-lOUths  of  an  inch,  (20  Elongated  or  34   Round   Bullets 
to  the  pound  ) 
Twenty-four  inch  Barrel,  Weight  8  lbs.  11  oz.     - 

'JJwenty-seven  inch  Barrel.  Weiglit  8  lbs.  14  oz. 

'I^hirty-one  and  5-16  inch  Barrel,  (Army  Pattern,)  Weigiit  9  lbs.    6  oz.     - 
Same  Model,  Five 'Shots,  Calibre  56-lOOthB  of  an  indi,  (14  p]  Ion  gated  or  24   Round  Bul- 
lets to  the  pound.) 
Twenty-four  inch  Barrel,  Weight  8  lbs.  14  oz.  - 

Twenty-seven  inch  Barrel,  Weight  It  lbs.  11  oz. 

Thirtv-one  and  5-16  inch  Barrel,  (Army  Pattom,)  Weight  i)  Iba.  15  oz. 
CARBINES.     New  Model,  Rifled  Barrels,  15,  18,  or  21  inches  long:  Steel  Mountings, 

Six  Shots,  Calii)re  36-lOOths  of  an  inch,  (42  Elongated  or  86  Round  Bullet*  to  the 

pound;)  Weight  8  ll)S.  8  oz.  - 
Six  Shots,  Calibre  44-10Dth8  of  an  inch,  (28  Elongated  or  48  Round  Bullets  to  the 

pound;)  Weight  8  lbs.  12  oz.       -...-... 
Five  Shots,  Calibre  .36-lOOths  of  an  inch,  (14  Elongated  or  24  Round  Bullets  to  the 
pound;)  Weight!)  lbs.  8  oz.         ....  ... 

SHOT  GUN.     Tw.nty-Beven  ineli  Barrel.  Weight  8  lbs.  12.  oz.  Five  Shots,      - 

Patent  Powder  Flasks,  for  Carbines  and  Rifles,      ....... 

Ordinary   do.  do.       •'         '  • 

Globe  Sights,    For  Riflon,  ..-..,. 

Telescope  Sights,    For  Riflefe,  -  -  . 

Bayonets,     For  Rifles,        ........... 

^aore  Bayonets,    For  Rifles,       '\-  ....... 

Al'  PiBtols,  Rifles.  Carbines  and  Sho^t  Guns,  are  furnislied  with  a  Bullet  Mould,  Screw  Driver  and  Nipple 
Wcpnch  free  of  charge. 
2V  l*'8tol8  are  put  up  assorted  or  otlierxrise,  in  packages  of  10,  20,  and  25  each. 

.^Rifles,  Shot  Guns,  and  Carbinfs,  are  put  up  assorted  or  otherwise,  Jn  packages  of  5,  10  and  20  tacli. 
"^'or  snpaller  quantitiea  reference  is  made  to  the  retail  trade. 

r-     :/  TERMS.    Cash  m  New  York  Funds. 

K*  /        All  Compaunieations  should  be  addressed  to 

^'COLT'S  PAXENT   FIRE   ARMS   MAN'F'Q.  COMPANY. 

,    -  .  HARTFORD,  CONNECTICUT,  U.  S.  A." 

**^     Dy  Onh'T  of  the  Buar|  of  Directors,  W.  M.  B.  HARTLEY,  Sec'y. 


.Od  81    a.01 

w  {.•.u;Ti<iu::i  V 


•loY 
01  hoBasibbn  ed 
MOO  .O'^^klAM 

Y'osa  .YaiTHAH  3  .M  W 


CHARLES    ALT, 

Importer  and  Manufacturer  of 

Optical    and    IVIatlieiiiatical 

i  i  i  r  i  i  1  i  i  r  i , 

irmsH(Bn  m]i(iiDr]LA^r(0)ms, 

(Entrance  Nassau  Street,)  NEW-YORK. 

SPECTACLES,  EYE  GLASSES,  HAND  GLASSES,  OPERA  GLASSES, 

SPY  GLASSES,  TELESCOPES,  MAGNIFYING  GLASSES, 

MICROSCOPES,    COMPASSES,    DRAWING 

INSTRUMENTS,  BAROMETERS, 

THERMOMETERS,  Etc. 

SAinrEi.  wii.i>E  &  sows, 

{Successors  to  Withington  &  Wilde^) 

DEALERS     IN 


MUSTARD,     &c., 
BTos.    7,    9   and    11    Dutch   Street, 

(between    JOHN    AND    FULTON    STREETS,) 

IMILLS,  WILLIAMSBURGH,  LONG  ISLAND. 


Established  1829. 


Goods  sold  at  lowest  market  prices,  and  shipped  free  of  charge. 


56 


s  c  CO  N  n     c  c  V  E  n  I  ri   G 


A  hR       SPACE 


BOYNTON'S    IMPROVED 

Self-Clearing,  Self -Packing,  Gas-Tight  and  Ventilating 

3xr 


PATENTED  AUGUST  22,  1854. 

Four   Sizes-Nos.   8,   9,   10,   11. 
ADAPTED  TO  ALL  CLASSES  OF  PUBLIC  AND  PRIVATE  BUILDINGS. 

The  above  Furnace  has  now  been  thoroughly  tested  for  the  last  fire  years  In  nearly  all  parts  of  the 
United  States  and  British  Provinces,  and  is  now  admitted  to  be  unrivalled  in  point  of  power,  durability, 
economy,  simplicity,  and  all  those  qualities  so  essential  in  a  Hot  Air  Furnace. 

The  provision  made  in  this  Furnace  for  the  self-clearing  of  the  radiator,  and  the  self-packing  of  the 
joints,  are  two  very  strong  points  in  its  favor,  above  every  otiier  Furnace  in  the  market.  Another  very 
important  feature  of  this  Furnace  is  found  in  the  small  number  of  joints,  their  position,  and  the  manner 
of  their  construction.  By  referring  to  the  above  cut,  it  will  be  seen  the  only  joints  are  those  where  the 
radiator  connects  with  the  body,  and  the  body  with  the  pot,  and  these  are  so  far  below  the  top  of  the 
radiator  as  to  be  free  from  pressure.  These  joints  are  packed  inside  and  out,  and  are  made  perfectly 
gas-tight  The  form  of  these  castings  is  such,  that  they  are  not  in  the  least  liable  to  crack  ;  and  they 
are  made  thicker  than  any  Furnace  in  the  market.  It  is  also  very  low,  which  is  another  great  recom- 
mendation for  it,  especially  when  set  in  low  cellars. 

This  Furnace  is  well  adapted  to  the  use  of  Bituminous  Coal,  and  has  been  successfully  introduced  at 
the  West  the  past  three  years.    We  are  prepared  to  fill  orders  for  them  at  short  notice. 

RIC^ABDSON,  BOYNTON  &  CO., 

360  Canat  Street, 

A  few  doora  east  of  Broadway,  Ke%D-  York. 
Descriptive  Circulars  sent  by  maiL 


TIFFANY    &    CO., 

wVe.  S50  Broadway^  JVew^J^ork, 

AND 

Hue  Hichelieu,  JVo.  79,  Paris^ 

In  calling  attention  to  their  stock,  beg  to  present  to  the  notice  of  their 
friends  and  the  public  the  following  facts :  That  their  importations  and 
manufactures  in  Gold  and  Silver  comprise  a  more  extensive  variety  than 
any  other  house  in  the  same  line — that  their  foreign  connections,  of  which 
their  Paris  house  is  the  focal  centre,  gives  them  extraordinary  facilities  for 
the  selection  of  their  general  stock  and  the  execution  of  special  ordcrs^that 
it  is  their  determination^  as  it  is  their  interest^  to  make  reasonable  charges 
as  prominent  a  feature  of  their  establishment  as  the  beauty  and  variety  of 
their  stock. 

DIAMONDS, 

And  other  Precions  Stones, 


0.  Frodsham's,  Tooper's,  Jules  Jurgenscn's  and  Patek  Phillippe  &  Co.'s 

WATCHES. 

CLOCKS,  BRONZES,  ARTISTIC  GAS  FIXTURES,  DESKS,  DRESS- 
ING-CASES, WORK  BOXES,  JEWEL  BOXES, 
FANS,   RICH   PORCELAIN, 

AND  MANY  OTHER  ARTICLES  OF  ART  AND  LUXURY. 


Every  article  is  marked  in  plain  figures  the  lowest  price  at  which  it 

will  be  sold. 


T.  k  Co.  cordially  extend  to  strangers,  as  well  as  the  4*esident  public,  an 
invitation  to  inspect  their  stock,  assuring  them  that  a  call  will  incur  not  the 
least  obligation  to  purchase. 


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